Goat's tongue
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The goat's tongue is a method of torture which may or may not have been practiced in medieval Europe, whereby a goat would lick the feet of a victim whose soles were previously drenched in saltwater, supposedly causing the peeling of skin.[1] However, it remains unclear if this method was ever used in practice as it is only described in the 1502 Tractatus de indiciis et tortura by the Italian jurist and monk Franciscus Brunus de San Severino – a treatise that actually cautioned against torture in general – and while it seems clear that Franciscus Brunus had not made up this practice, the issue is left open whether the inclusion in the treatise is based on hearsay, (reliable) eye-witness accounts, or personal experience.[2] Italian lawyer Ippolito De'Marsili included the goat's tongue in a list of possible torture techniques which was published in 1537.[3] The method was mentioned in 1115 by Guibert de Nogent in his Monodies,[4] with translator Jay Rubenstein annotating that the torture developed in the Roman Empire.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Yamey, Gavin (2001-08-11). "Reviews". BMJ. 323 (7308): 346. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7308.346. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ^ Cohen, Esther (2009). The Modulated Scream: Pain in Late Medieval Culture. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-11267-1. Archived from the original on 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ Dijkhuizen, Jan Frans van; Enenkel, Karl A. E. (2009). The Sense of Suffering: Constructions of Physical Pain in Early Modern Culture. BRILL. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-90-04-17247-0.
- ^ de Nogent & Rubenstein 2011, p. 275.
- ^ de Nogent & Rubenstein 2011, p. 339.
Bibliography
[edit]- de Nogent, Guibert; Rubenstein, Jay (2011-09-27). Monodies and On the Relics of Saints: The Autobiography and a Manifesto of a French Monk from theTime of the Crusades. Translated by McAlhany, Joseph; Rubenstein, Jay. Introduction and notes by Jay Rubenstein. Penguin. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-101-55270-4.