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Garm (magazine)

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Garm
Categories
  • Satirical magazine
  • Political magazine
FrequencyMonthly
FounderHenry Rein
Founded1923
Final issue1953
CountryFinland
Based inHelsinki
LanguageSwedish

Garm was a monthly political and satirical magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. The magazine existed for thirty years from 1923 to 1953. The title of the magazine is a reference to a character in the Norse mythology, a monstrous hound which defended the entrance to Helheim, the Norse realm of the dead.[1]

History and profile

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Garm was established in 1923 as a successor of Kerberos which was also a satirical magazine published in Finland.[2][3] The founder was Henry Rein.[3] The magazine was published in Helsinki on a monthly basis.[4][5] It had a conservative political stance like its predecessor.[2] However, unlike Kerberos Garm opposed both the nationalism in the form of true Finnishness and the extreme leftist politics.[2] In addition, although Garm supported the Swedish language and culture in Finland, it did not call for the cooperation with Sweden.[2] The magazine mocked both Communism and Nazism during World War II.[1]

Garm's readers were mostly politicians, celebrities, and other leading figures.[1] Tito Colliander and Jarl Hemmer were among the Garm contributors.[1] One of the most significant contributors of Garm was Tove Jansson who started her career in the magazine as a cartoonist in 1929 when she was just fifteen.[3][6] Tove Jansson's mother, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson, also worked at the magazine from its start in 1923.[3] Over time the former became the magazine's chief illustrator.[7] Some characters in her Moomin cartoon strips first appeared in the magazine.[1] Jansson's political cartoons ridiculing Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin published in Garm were censored by the Finnish authorities.[7] Garm folded in 1953 when its founder Henry Rein died.[1][3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Ant O’Neill (2017). "Moominvalley Fossils: Translating the Early Comics of Tove Jansson". Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature. 55 (2): 52. doi:10.1353/bkb.2017.0023. ISSN 0006-7377. S2CID 151535137.
  2. ^ a b c d Anni Kangas (2007). The Knight, the Beast and the Treasure: a semeiotic inquiry into the Finnish political imaginary on Russia, 1918-1930s (PhD thesis). University of Tampere. pp. 62, 64. hdl:10024/67797. ISBN 978-951-44-7157-5.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Tove Jansson's work at satire magazine Garm". Moomin. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  4. ^ Kikka Rytkönen. "Black Moomins". Antimilitaristi (in Finnish). Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  5. ^ Tapio Markkanen (Spring 2016). "Echoes of Cosmic Events and Global Politics in Moominvalley: Cosmic and Astronomical Sources of Incitement in Tove Jansson's Comet in Moominland". Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum. 4 (1): 41–69. doi:10.11590/abhps.2016.1.02. hdl:10138/233362.
  6. ^ Elina Druker (2012). "Mapping absence. Maps as meta-artistic discourse in literature". In Leif Dahlberg (ed.). Visualizing Law and Authority. Essays on Legal Aesthetics. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. p. 118. doi:10.1515/9783110285444.114. ISBN 978-3-1102-8537-6.
  7. ^ a b Hallie Wells (2019). "Between discretion and disclosure: Queer (e)labor(ations) in the work of Tove Jansson and Audre Lorde". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 23 (2): 233. doi:10.1080/10894160.2019.1520550. PMID 30632943. S2CID 58627968.
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