Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein
| Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbol | GMI | ||||||||||
| Pfam | PF09259 | ||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR015339 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/461501955 | |||||||||||
Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein or GMI is a protein discovered from the mushroom species Ganoderma microsporum.[1][2] GMI is a pure protein composed of 111 amino acids and exists in nature as a tetramer.[3]
Discovery
[edit]GMI is found in the mycelium of Ganoderma microsporum. During the life cycle of G. microsporum, GMI acts as an important signaling factor in the transition from the fungi's mycelium phase to the fruiting body phase. However, the levels of GMI found in both the mycelium and fruiting body are very low.[citation needed]
In 2005, researchers utilized genetic and bio-engineering methods to obtain purified GMI, and proved that the protein is structurally similar to LZ-8, the first fungal immunomodulatory protein discovered in 1989. The name GMI is derived from the fact that when cultured with immune cells, GMI was found to not only increase the cells’ hormone production, but also induce higher levels of cellular activity.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Teo WH, Lo JF, Fan YN, Huang CY, Huang TF (2020). "Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, GMI, promotes C2C12 myoblast differentiation in vitro via upregulation of Tid1 and STAT3 acetylation". PLOS ONE. 15 (12): e0244791. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1544791T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244791. PMC 7774968. PMID 33382817.
- ^ Huang SY, Chien CC, Hseu RS, Huang VY, Chiang SY, Huang CJ, et al. (June 2018). "Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein induces apoptosis and potentiates mitomycin C-induced apoptosis in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cells". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 119 (6): 4592–4606. doi:10.1002/jcb.26616. PMID 29240252. S2CID 206028088.
- ^ Wu MY, Hsu MF, Huang CS, Fu HY, Wang AH, Hseu RS, Huang CT, Yang CS (November 2007). A 2.0 Å Structure of the Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein GMI from Ganoderma microsporum. The 2nd Asia-Oceania Forum for Synchrotron Radiation Research.
- ^ US 7601808, Lin TL, "Immunomodulatory protein cloned from ganoderma microsporum", issued 13 Oct. 2009, assigned to MycoMagic Biotechnology Co., Ltd.