Jump to content

Fumarole mineral

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fumarole formation of tazieffite [de] acicular crystals (black) at Mutnovsky, Kamchatka. An electron micrograph, colour enhanced by optical microscopy, depicted width: 700 microns.

Fumarole minerals (or fumarolic minerals) are minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations. They form when gases and compounds desublimate or precipitate out of condensates, forming mineral deposits. They are mostly associated with volcanoes (as volcanic sublimate or fumarolic sublimate) following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole,[1] but have been encountered on burning coal deposits as well. They can be black or multicoloured and are often unstable upon exposure to the atmosphere.

Native sulfur, in this context called brimstone, is a common sublimate mineral and various halides, sulfides and sulfates occur in this environment associated with fumaroles and eruptions. A number of rare minerals are fumarole minerals, and at least 240 such minerals are known from Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. Other volcanoes where particular fumarole minerals have been discovered are Vulcano in Italy and Bezymyanny also in Russia.

Origin and appearance

[edit]
Fumarole minerals in SEM images, from Mutnovsky volcano in Kamchatka. An electron micrograph, colour enhanced by optical microscopy, depicted width: 700 microns.

In fumaroles, minerals either form through desublimation from fumarole gases or through interactions of fumarole gases with country rock.[2] The former are known as sublimates and the latter as incrustations.[3] Some such deposits may also form through the interaction between liquid fumarole condensates and country rock[4] and are not always formed by desublimation.[5] Repeated cycles of primary deposition and secondary alteration may occur.[6] Volcanic gases such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and water[7] can transport large amounts of elements, thus contributing to geochemical cycles on the surface and the formation of ore deposits at depth.[8] When these exhalations reach the atmosphere and cool, the minerals contained in them tend to precipitate out.[9]

Volcanic fumarole minerals (as volcanic sublimate or fumarolic sublimate) form following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole.[1] Burning coal produces enough heat to partially melt rocks and to generate exhalations of the mineral components embedded in coal.[10] Coal seam fires often deposit fumarolic minerals over areas of a few square metres which can be detected by airborne hyperspectral imagery.[11] Coal fires can mobilize toxic trace elements.[12] Fumarole minerals have also been found in Gusev crater on Mars.[13]

Fumarole deposits have been used to identify heat flow anomalies and to reconstruct ore genesis processes.[6]

Fumarole exhalations are often black or multicoloured, and tend to develop typical zonations. Common components are sulfur compounds and elemental sulfur.[9] In the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Alaska the fumarole minerals form both thin crusts in the vents, mixtures with tephra deposits[14] and coloured outcrops and mounds at the sites of former fumaroles.[15] Deposits at Tolbachik volcano have shapes likef crusts, small plates[16] and globules.[17]

Typical components of fumarole minerals are halides, oxides, sulfates and sulfides,[18] with the exact composition different between volcanoes, individual vents at volcanoes and different temperatures of the same vent.[19] Fumarolic minerals are often unstable and are eroded or decompose,[20] in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Alaska it took less than a century for almost all fumarole mineral deposits to disappear[21] although others remained and were later used to identify former fumarole vents.[22] Thus, many fumarole minerals are rare and many rare minerals are fumarole minerals.[23] Some fumarolic minerals have been found in extinct Cenozoic volcanoes[24] and could exist in Archean rocks as well, however.[25] Unique textures occur such as bubble-like structures, which may form when the liquid that deposits the minerals evaporates.[4]

Volcanoes

[edit]
Electron micrograph images of fumarolic minerals at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka

Research on the mineralogy of fumarole minerals has been conducted in Central America, Russia and Europe,[18] with detailed publications on Izalco in El Salvador,[26] Eldfell in Iceland,[27] Vesuvius[19] where research goes back to the early 19th century[28] and Vulcano in Italy, Mount Usu in Japan, Kudryavy and Tolbachik in Russia, Kilauea and Mount St. Helens in the United States.[18] Sulfur deposits containing fumarolic desublimates are found at Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes.[29] Kudryavy volcano in the Kurils is particularly known for the numerous mineralizations its fumaroles have produced[30] and for the presence of rhenium-rich precipitates.[3] Among the elements found there are copper-gold-silver alloys.[31] Various sulfate-based minerals have been identified at the Salton Buttes in California.[32] Fumarolic minerals have also been reported from the Western Andes in Bolivia.[33]

The most fumarolic minerals have been found at Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia; Tolbachik also has one of the most diverse mineral assemblages in the world.[24] The high temperature and oxidizing regime of exhalations which transport the elements at Tolbachik facilitates mineral deposition.[34] A large assemblage of silicates[35] and a number of copper-zinc selenite chlorides[36] and copper-based fumarolic minerals were discovered at Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Many of these include polymeric CuO
4 units.[2] About 240 minerals have been identified at Tolbachik,[24] close to a record,[37] 40 of them only incompletely studied.[38] Elemental gold linked to chlorides at Tolbachik has been interpreted as gold transported by chlorine-rich oxidizing environments.[39] Specimens of fumarole minerals from Tolbachik and Kudryavy are hosted by the Fersman Mineralogical Museum in Moscow.[40]

Historical lava flows of Vesuvius volcano contain fumarolic minerals.[41] Various fumarole minerals have been discovered at Vulcano volcano in Italy, where the mineralogy has changed since 1987 and 1990 due to hotter fumarole exhalations,[42] yielding increased sulfate and sulfur salt concentrations.[43] Fumarolic minerals have also been encountered in multiple mud volcanoes in Siberia.[44]

Minerals discovered in fumarole areas

[edit]
Mineral Formula Location Date described Ref
Abramovite Pb
2SnInBiS
7 		Kudryavy, Russia 2008 [45]
Allochalcoselite Cu+
Cu2+
5PbO
2(SeO
3)
2Cl
5 		[46]
Aluminocoquimbite AlFe(SO
4)*
3H
2O 		Grotta del' Alume, Vulcano, Italy 2010 [47]
Aluminopyracmonite (NH
4)
3Al(SO
4)
3 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2018 [48]
Arsmirandite Na
18Cu2+
12Fe3+
O
8(AsO
4)
8Cl
5 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [2]
Axelite Na
14Cu
7(AsO
4)
8F
2Cl
2 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [49]
Baliczunicite Bi
2O(SO
4)
2 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2013 [43]
Belomarinaite KNaSO
4 		Toludskoe lava field, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [50]
Belousovite KZn(SO
4)Cl 		Yadovitaya fumarole, Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [51]
Blossite α‑Cu2+
2V5+
2O
7 		Izalco, El Salvador 1987 [26]
Bubnovaite K
2Na
8Ca(SO
4)
6 		Naboko cone, Tolbachik, Russia [52]
Cadmoindite CdIn
2S
4 		Kudryavy, Russia 2004 [53]
Calciolangbeinite K
2Ca
2(SO
4)
3 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [54]
Campostriniite (Bi3+
,Na)
3(NH,
4K)
2Na
2(SO
4)·
6H
2O 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2015 [55]
Cannizzarite Pb
46Bi
54(S
,Se)
127 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy [56]
Cesiodymite CsKCu
5O(SO
4)
5 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [57]
Chubarovite KZn
2(BO
3)Cl
2 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2015 [58]
Cryptocalcite K
2Cu
5O(SO
4)
5 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [57]
Cuprodobrovolskyite Na
4Cu(SO
4)
3 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik 2023 [59]
Cupromolybdite Cu
3O(MoO
4)
2 		New Tolbachik scoria cones, Tolbachik, Russia 2012 [60]
D'ansite Na
21Mn2+
(SO
4)
10Cl 		Vesuvius and Vulcano, Italy 2012 [61]
Demartinite K
2SiF
6 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2007 [62]
Demicheleite BiSI and BiSBr La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2010 and 2008 [63][64]
Dobrovolskyite Na
4Ca(SO
4)
3 		Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia 2021 [65]
Elasmochloite Na
3Cu
6BiO
4(SO
4) 		[66]
Eldfellite NaFe(SO
4)
2 		[67]
Ermakovite (NH
4)(As
2O
3)
2Br 		Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan 2022 [68]
Grigorievite Cu
3Fe3+
2Al
2(VO
4) 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2015 [69]
Hermannjahnite CuZn(SO
4)
2 		Naboko scoria cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [70]
Karpovite Tl
2VO(SO
4)
2(H
2O) 		First Cinder Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [71]
Knasibfite K
3Na
4[SiF
6]
3[BF
4] 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2008 [72]
Koksharovite CaMg
2Fe3+
4(VO
4)
6 		Bezymyanny, Russia 2015 [69]
Kudriavite (Cd
,Pb)Bi
2S
4 		Kudryavy, Russia 2004 [53]
Lehmannite Na
18Cu2+
12TiO
8(AsO
4)
8FCl
5 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik 2020 [2]
Leonardsenite MgAlF
5(H
2O)
2 		Eldfell, Heimaey, Iceland 2015 [69]
Lesyukite Al
2(OH)
5Cl20−
*H
2O 		First Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2007 or earlier [73]
Lucabindiite (K
,NH
4)As
4O
6(Cl
,Br) 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2010–2011 [74]
Majzlanite K
2Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO
4)
4 		Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [75]
Medvedevite KMnV
2O
6Cl
*(H
2O)
2 		Toludskoe lava field, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [76]
Napoliite Pb
2OFCl 		Vesuvius, 1994 rocks 2010-2020 [77]
Nishanbaevite KAl
2O(AsO
4)(SO
4) 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [78]
Oskarssonite AlF
3 		Eldfell, Iceland 2018 [27]
Ozerovaite Na
2KAl
3(AsO
4)
4 		Second Cinder Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [79]
Paradimorphite As
4S
3 		Solfatara, Campi Flegrei, Italy 2022 [80]
Parageorgbokiite b-
Cu
5O
2(SeO
3)
2Cl
2 		Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2007 [81]
Parascandolaite KMgF
3 		Vesuvius, Italy 2014 [82]
Parawulffite K
5Na
3Cu
8O
4(SO
4)
8 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2014 [83]
Petrovite Na
10CaCu
2(SO
4)
8 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [17]
Pliniusite Ca
5(VO
4)
3F 		Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [84]
Prewittite KPb
1.5Cu
6Zn(SeO
3)
2O
2Cl
10 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2013 [36]
Pseudolyonsite Cu
3(VO
4)
2 		New Tolbachik scoria cones, Tolbachik, Russia 2011 [85]
Puninite Na
2Cu
3O(SO
4)
3 		Second scoria cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2017 [86]
Rhabdoborite Mg
12(V
,Mo
,W)
4/3O
6[(BO
3)
6–x(PO
4)
xF
2–x] 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [87]
Russoite NH
4ClAs3+
2O
3(H
2O)
0.5 		Solfatara, Phlegrean Fields, Italy 2018 [88]
Ryabchikovite CuMg(Si
2O
6) 		Arsenatnaya, Tolbachik 2023 [89]
Sbacchiite Ca
2AlF
7 		Vesuvius, Italy 2019 [90]
Shcherbinaite V
2O
5 		Izalco, El Salvador 1983 [91]
Stoiberite Cu
5V
2O
10 		"Y fumarole", Izalco, El Salvador 1979 [92]
Therasiaite (NH
4)
3KNa
2Fe2+
Fe3+
(SO
4)
3Cl
5 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2014 [93]
Thermessaite (NH
4)
2AlF
3(SO
4) 		La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2021 [94]
Topsøeite FeF
3(H
2O)
3 		Hekla, Iceland 2018 [95]
Wulffite K
3NaCu
4O
2(SO
4)
4 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2014 [83]
Vasilseverginite Cu
9O
4(AsO
4)
2(SO
4)
2 		Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2021 [96]
Wrightite K
2Al
2O(AsO
4)
2 		Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 1983 [97]
Yavapaiite KFe(SO
4)
2 		[67]
Ziminaite Fe3+
VO
4 		Bezymyanny, Russia 2018 [98]
Zincobradaczekite NaCuCuZn
2(AsO
4)
3 		Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [99]
[edit]
  • Scanning electron microscope images of fumarole minerals
  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours
    Fumarole minerals in natural colours
  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Mutnovsky, Kamchatka
    Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Mutnovsky, Kamchatka
  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Tolbachik, Kamchatka
    Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Tolbachik, Kamchatka
  • Photos of fumarole minerals
  • Non-SEM photo of belomarinaite from Tolbachik, Kamchatka
    Non-SEM photo of belomarinaite from Tolbachik, Kamchatka

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Manahan, Stanley E. (26 August 2004). Environmental Chemistry (Eighth ed.). CRC Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-1-56670-633-9.
  2. ^ a b c d Britvin et al. 2020, p. 2.
  3. ^ a b Ganino, Libourel & Bernard 2019, p. 75.
  4. ^ a b Stracher et al. 2005, p. 1736.
  5. ^ Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 513.
  6. ^ a b Kodosky & Keith 1993, p. 185.
  7. ^ Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 514.
  8. ^ Renggli & Klemme 2020, p. 1.
  9. ^ a b Shevko, E. P.; Bortnikova, S. B.; Abrosimova, N. A.; Kamenetsky, V. S.; Bortnikova, S. P.; Panin, G. L.; Zelenski, M. (20 March 2018). "Trace Elements and Minerals in Fumarolic Sulfur: The Case of Ebeko Volcano, Kuriles". Geofluids. 2018: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2018/4586363.
  10. ^ Guy et al. 2020, p. 466.
  11. ^ Kuenzer, Claudia; Stracher, Glenn B. (1 February 2012). "Geomorphology of coal seam fires". Geomorphology. 138 (1): 217. Bibcode:2012Geomo.138..209K. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.004. ISSN 0169-555X.
  12. ^ Stracher et al. 2005, p. 1738.
  13. ^ Yen, A. S.; Morris, R. V.; Clark, B. C.; Gellert, R.; Knudson, A. T.; Squyres, S.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Ming, D. W.; Arvidson, R.; McCoy, T.; Schmidt, M.; Hurowitz, J.; Li, R.; Johnson, J. R. (2008). "Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 113 (E6): 16. Bibcode:2008JGRE..113.6S10Y. doi:10.1029/2007JE002978. ISSN 2156-2202.
  14. ^ Keith 1991, p. 236.
  15. ^ Kodosky & Keith 1993, p. 187.
  16. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. (1 September 2019). "Elasmochloite, Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy. 31 (5–6): 1026. Bibcode:2019EJMin..31.1025P. doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2887. ISSN 0935-1221. S2CID 213388684.
  17. ^ a b Filatov, Stanislav K.; Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V. (2020). "Petrovite, Na10CaCu2(SO4)8, a new fumarolic sulfate from the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 84 (5): 691–698. Bibcode:2020MinM...84..691F. doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.53. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 225662607.
  18. ^ a b c Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 101.
  19. ^ a b Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 496.
  20. ^ Gazis, Carey; Taylor, Hugh P.; Hon, Ken; Tsvetkov, Andrei (1 October 1996). "Oxygen isotopic and geochemical evidence for a short-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal event in the Chegem caldera, Caucasus Mountains, Russia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 73 (3): 241. Bibcode:1996JVGR...73..213G. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(96)00023-6. ISSN 0377-0273. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  21. ^ Holt, Elizabeth Warner; Taylor, Hugh P. (1 July 1998). "18O/16O mapping and hydrogeology of a short-lived (≈10 years) fumarolic (>500 °C) meteoric–hydrothermal event in the upper part of the 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff outflow sheet, California1Contribution No. 8478, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech.1". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 83 (1): 135. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00014-6. ISSN 0377-0273.
  22. ^ Keith 1991, p. 230.
  23. ^ Hazen, Robert M.; Ausubel, Jesse H. (1 June 2016). "On the nature and significance of rarity in mineralogy". American Mineralogist. 101 (6): 1247. Bibcode:2016AmMin.101.1245H. doi:10.2138/am-2016-5601CCBY. ISSN 0003-004X. S2CID 9906353.
  24. ^ a b c Pekov et al. 2018, p. 306.
  25. ^ Ganino, Libourel & Bernard 2019, p. 85.
  26. ^ a b Robinson, Paul D.; Hughes, John M.; Malinconico, MaryAnn L. (1 April 1987). "Blossite, α-Cu2+
    2    V5+
    2    O7, a new fumarolic sublimate from Izalco Volcano, El Salvador"    . American Mineralogist. 72 (3–4): 397–399. ISSN 0003-004X. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  27. ^ a b Jacobsen, M. J.; Balić -Žunić, T.; Mitolo, D.; Katerinopoulou, A.; Garavelli, A.; Jakobsson, S. P. (2018). "Oskarssonite, AlF3, a new fumarolic mineral from Eldfell volcano, Heimaey, Iceland". Mineralogical Magazine. 78 (1): 215–216. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.15. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 131738318. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  28. ^ FRANZA, ANNARITA; PETTI, CARMELA; PRATESI, GIOVANNI (20 April 2021). "MORE THAN JUST A ROCK COLLECTION. THE METEORITE COLLECTION OF THE ITALIAN GEOLOGIST TEODORO MONTICELLI (1759–1845)". Earth Sciences History. 40 (1): 46. Bibcode:2021ESHis..40...39F. doi:10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.39. ISSN 0736-623X. S2CID 234963797. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  29. ^ Inostroza, Manuel; Aguilera, Felipe; Menzies, Andrew; Layana, Susana; González, Cristóbal; Ureta, Gabriel; Sepúlveda, José; Scheller, Samuel; Böehm, Stephan; Barraza, María; Tagle, Roald; Patzschke, Max (1 March 2020). "Deposition of metals and metalloids in the fumarolic fields of Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes, northern Chile". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 393: 13. Bibcode:2020JVGR..39306803I. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106803. ISSN 0377-0273. S2CID 212875067.
  30. ^ Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 828.
  31. ^ Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 837.
  32. ^ Adams, Paul M.; Lynch, David K.; Buckland, Kerry N.; Johnson, Patrick D.; Tratt, David M. (15 November 2017). "Sulfate mineralogy of fumaroles in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 347: 41. Bibcode:2017JVGR..347...15A. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.08.010. ISSN 0377-0273.
  33. ^ Petrov, Alfredo; Smith, Bill; Smith, Carol (1 November 2001). "A Guide to Mineral Localities in Bolivia". The Mineralogical Record. 32 (6): 2. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  34. ^ Pekov et al. 2018, p. 318.
  35. ^ Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 102.
  36. ^ a b Shuvalov, Robert R.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Semenova, Tatyana F.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Rudashevsky, Nikolay S. (1 February 2013). "Prewittite, KPb1.5Cu6Zn(SeO3)2O2Cl10, a new mineral from Tolbachik fumaroles, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia: Description and crystal structure". American Mineralogist. 98 (2–3): 463. Bibcode:2013AmMin..98..463S. doi:10.2138/am.2013.4174. ISSN 1945-3027. S2CID 102031214.
  37. ^ Sergeeva, A. V.; Zhitova, E. S.; Nuzhdaev, A. A.; Nazarova, M. A. (1 February 2022). "Modeling the Process of Mineral Generation in Thermal Anomalies with Ammonium Sulfate Thermal Waters: The Role of рН". Journal of Volcanology and Seismology. 16 (1): 35. doi:10.1134/S0742046321060099. ISSN 1819-7108. S2CID 247749830. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  38. ^ Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 103.
  39. ^ Kamenetsky, Vadim S.; Belousov, Alexander; Sharygin, Victor V.; Zhitova, Liudmila M.; Ehrig, Kathy; Zelenski, Michael E.; Chaplygin, Ilya; Yudovskaya, Marina A.; Nesterenko, Pavel N.; Zakharov, Sergey M. (December 2019). "High-temperature gold-copper extraction with chloride flux in lava tubes of Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka)" (PDF). Terra Nova. 31 (6): 515. Bibcode:2019TeNov..31..511K. doi:10.1111/ter.12420. S2CID 200032791. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  40. ^ Robinson, George W.; Scovil, Jeffrey; King, Vandall T.; Cureton, Forrest (1 September 1995). "World review of mineral discoveries: 1993–1994". The Mineralogical Record. 26 (5): 13. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  41. ^ Voltaggio, Mario; Branca, Marilì; Tedesco, Dario; Tuccimei, Paola; Di Pietro, Laura (1 January 2004). "226Ra-excess during the 1631–1944 activity period of Vesuvius (Italy): A model of alpha-recoil enrichment in a metasomatized mantle and implications on the current state of the magmatic system". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 68 (1): 175. Bibcode:2004GeCoA..68..167V. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00236-9. ISSN 0016-7037.
  42. ^ Pinto, Garavelli & Mitolo 2014, p. 1.
  43. ^ a b Pinto, Garavelli & Mitolo 2014, p. 2.
  44. ^ Tatarinov, A. V.; Yalovik, L. I.; Kanakin, S. V. (1 July 2016). "The generation and mineral associations of rock assemblages at mud volcanoes: Southeastern Siberia". Journal of Volcanology and Seismology. 10 (4): 254. Bibcode:2016JVolS..10..248T. doi:10.1134/S0742046316030052. ISSN 1819-7108. S2CID 132970719.
  45. ^ Yudovskaya, M. A.; Trubkin, N. V.; Koporulina, E. V.; Belakovsky, D. I.; Mokhov, A. V.; Kuznetsova, M. V.; Golovanova, T. I. (1 December 2008). "Abramovite, Pb2SnInBiS7, a new mineral species from fumaroles of the Kudryavy volcano, Kurile Islands, Russia". Geology of Ore Deposits. 50 (7): 551. Bibcode:2008GeoOD..50..551Y. doi:10.1134/S1075701508070052. ISSN 1555-6476. S2CID 140650406. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  46. ^ Lykova, Inna; Rowe, Ralph; Poirier, Glenn; Friis, Henrik; Helwig, Kate (9 December 2022). "Bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, a new mineral from the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco". Mineralogical Magazine. 87 (2): 218–224. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.133. hdl:10852/101312. S2CID 254532654.
  47. ^ Demartin, Francesco; Castellano, Carlo; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo (1 December 2010). "ALUMINOCOQUIMBITE, AlFe(SO4)3·9H2O, A NEW ALUMINUM IRON SULFATE FROM GROTTA DELL'ALLUME, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY". The Canadian Mineralogist. 48 (6): 1465. doi:10.3749/canmin.48.5.1465. ISSN 0008-4476.
  48. ^ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (2018). "Aluminopyracmonite, (NH4)3Al(SO4)3, a new ammonium aluminium sulfate from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 77 (4): 443. doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.4.04. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 130573127. Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
  49. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Kutyrev, Anton V.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (2022). "New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. XIX. Axelite, Na14Cu7(AsO4)8F2Cl2". Mineralogical Magazine. 87: 109–117. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.120. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 253787792.
  50. ^ Filatov, Stanislav K.; Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Saprikina, Olga U.; Bubnova, Rimma S.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Belousov, Alexander B. (2019). "Belomarinaite KNa(SO4): A new sulfate from 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 83 (4): 569–575. Bibcode:2019MinM...83..569F. doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.170. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 133750327.
  51. ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (2018). "Belousovite, KZn(SO4)Cl, a new sulfate mineral from the Tolbachik volcano with apophyllite sheet-topology". Mineralogical Magazine. 82 (5): 1079–1080. Bibcode:2018MinM...82.1079S. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.084. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 133993574.
  52. ^ Gorelova, Liudmila A.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Karpov, Genadii A.; Filatov, Stanislav K. (1 June 2016). "Bubnovaite, K2Na8Ca(SO4)6, a new mineral species with modular structure from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy. 28 (3): 677. Bibcode:2016EJMin..28..677G. doi:10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2530. ISSN 0935-1221.
  53. ^ a b Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 830.
  54. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Galuskina, Irina O.; Kusz, Joachim; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Galuskin, Evgeny V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Bulakh, Maria O.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Vapnik, Yevgeny; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (August 2022). "Calciolangbeinite- O, a natural orthorhombic modification of K2Ca2(SO4)3, and the langbeinite–calciolangbeinite solid-solution system". Mineralogical Magazine. 86 (4): 557–569. Bibcode:2022MinM...86..557P. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.95. S2CID 246406414.
  55. ^ Demartin, Francesco; Castellano, Carlo; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria (2015). "Campostriniite, (Bi3+,Na)3(NH4,K)2Na2(SO4)6·H2O, a new sulfate isostructural with görgeyite, from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 79 (4): 1007–1008. Bibcode:2015MinM...79.1007D. doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.4.10. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 130849371. Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  56. ^ Topa, Dan; Makovicky, Emil; Dittrich, Herbert (1 June 2010). "The Crystal Structure of 7H:12Q Cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy". The Canadian Mineralogist. 48 (3): 484. Bibcode:2010CaMin..48..483T. doi:10.3749/canmin.48.3.483. ISSN 0008-4476. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  57. ^ a b Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Y.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Britvin, Sergey N. (1 May 2018). "Cryptochalcite, K2Cu5O(SO4)5, and cesiodymite, CsKCu5O(SO4)5, two new isotypic minerals and the K–Cs isomorphism in this solid-solution series". European Journal of Mineralogy. 30 (3): 593. Bibcode:2018EJMin..30..593P. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2725. ISSN 0935-1221. S2CID 135272395.
  58. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pautov, Leonid A.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Lykova, Inna S.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (1 March 2015). "CHUBAROVITE, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM THE TOLBACHIK VOLCANO, KAMCHATKA, RUSSIATHE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST". The Canadian Mineralogist. 53 (2): 273. doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080. ISSN 0008-4476.
  59. ^ Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Nazarova, Maria A. (13 November 2023). "A new mineral cuprodobrovolskyite Na4Cu(SO4)3 from the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) and the relations in the family of natural anhydrous Na-Cu sulfates". Mineralogical Magazine: 1–32. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.85. ISSN 0026-461X.
  60. ^ Zelenski, Michael E.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Polekhovsky, Yuri S.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (1 August 2012). "Cupromolybdite, Cu3O(MoO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy. 24 (4): 750. Bibcode:2012EJMin..24..749Z. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2221. ISSN 0935-1221.
  61. ^ Demartin, F.; Campostrini, I.; Castellano, C.; Gramaccioli, C. M.; Russo, M. (1 December 2012). "D'ansite-(Mn), Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 and d'ansite-(Fe), Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3, two new minerals from volcanic fumaroles". Mineralogical Magazine. 76 (7): 2773–2774. Bibcode:2012MinM...76.2773D. doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.10. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 93766296. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  62. ^ Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo (1 October 2007). "DEMARTINITE, A NEW POLYMORPH OF K2SiF6 FROM LA FOSSA CRATER, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY". The Canadian Mineralogist. 45 (5): 1275. Bibcode:2007CaMin..45.1275G. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.5.1275. ISSN 0008-4476.
  63. ^ Demartin, Francesco; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo; Orlandi, Paolo (1 October 2008). "Demicheleite, BiSBr, a new mineral from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". American Mineralogist. 93 (10): 1603–1604. Bibcode:2008AmMin..93.1603D. doi:10.2138/am.2008.2883. ISSN 0003-004X. S2CID 56410190. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  64. ^ Demartin, F.; Gramaccioli, C. M.; Campostrini, I. (2010). "Demicheleite-(I), BiSI, a new mineral from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 74 (1): 141–142. Bibcode:2010MinM...74..141D. doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.141. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 129827579. Archived from the original on 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  65. ^ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya Yu; Knyazev, Alexander V.; Bubnova, Rimma S. (April 2021). "Dobrovolskyite, Na4Ca(SO4)3, a new fumarolic sulfate from the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (2): 233–241. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..233S. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.9. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 233260565. Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  66. ^ Yakubovich, Olga V.; Shvanskaya, Larisa V.; Kiriukhina, Galina V.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V.; Vasiliev, Alexander N. (2 August 2021). "Hydrothermal Synthesis and a Composite Crystal Structure of Na6Cu7BiO4(PO4)4[Cl,(OH)]3 as a Candidate for Quantum Spin Liquid". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (15): 11455. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01459. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34264636. S2CID 235961251. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  67. ^ a b Singh, Shashwat; Singh, Deobrat; Ahuja, Rajeev; Fichtner, Maximilian; Barpanda, Prabeer (2023). "Eldfellite NaV(SO 4 ) 2 as a versatile cathode insertion host for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 11 (8): 3975–3986. doi:10.1039/D2TA03673H. S2CID 252422867. Archived from the original on 2022-12-18. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  68. ^ Karpenko, Vladimir Yu.; Pautov, Leonid A.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Mirakov, Mirak A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Plechov, Pavel Yu.; Makhmadsharif, Saimudasir (14 October 2022). "Ermakovite (NH4)(As2O3)2Br, a new exhalative arsenite bromide mineral from the Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan". Mineralogical Magazine. 87: 69–78. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.116. S2CID 252906686.
  69. ^ a b c Cámara, Gagne & Uvarova 2015, p. 660.
  70. ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Turner, Rick; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Pekov, Igor V.; Karpov, Gennady A.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O. (1 February 2018). "Hermannjahnite, CuZn(SO4)2, a new mineral with chalcocyanite derivative structure from the Naboko scoria cone of the 2012–2013 fissure eruption at Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". Mineralogy and Petrology. 112 (1): 123. Bibcode:2018MinPe.112..123S. doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0520-4. ISSN 1438-1168. S2CID 134441203. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  71. ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Kretser, Yuri L.; Polekhovsky, Yuri S.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2018). "Unique thallium mineralization in the fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. II. Karpovite, Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O)". Mineralogical Magazine. 78 (7): 1699–1700. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.7.13. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 131377092. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  72. ^ Demartin, Francesco; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo; Orlandi, Paolo (1 April 2008). "KNASIBFITE, K3Na4[SiF6]3[BF4], A NEW HEXAFLUOROSILICATE–TETRAFLUOROBORATE FROM LA FOSSA CRATER, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY". The Canadian Mineralogist. 46 (2): 447. Bibcode:2008CaMin..46..447D. doi:10.3749/canmin.46.2.447. ISSN 0008-4476.
  73. ^ Vergasova, Filatov & Dunin-Barkovskaya 2007, p. 131.
  74. ^ Garavelli, Anna; Mitolo, Donatella; Pinto, Daniela; Vurro, Filippo (1 February 2013). "Lucabindiite, (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br), a new fumarole mineral from the "La Fossa" crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". American Mineralogist. 98 (2–3): 470–477. Bibcode:2013AmMin..98..470G. doi:10.2138/am.2013.4194. ISSN 0003-004X. S2CID 101028046. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2020 – via ResearchGate.
  75. ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (2019). "Majzlanite, K2Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO4)4, a new anhydrous sulfate mineral with complex cation substitutions from Tolbachik volcano". Mineralogical Magazine. 84 (1): 153–158. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.68. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 210610798. Archived from the original on 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
  76. ^ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Avdontceva, Margarita S.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu.; Povolotskiy, Alexey V.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Kargopoltsev, Anatoly A.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Shorets, Olga U. (June 2022). "Medvedevite, KMn2+V5+2O6Cl⋅2H2O, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik fissure eruption 2012–2013, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 86 (3): 478–485. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.38. S2CID 248781337.
  77. ^ Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Nestola, Fabrizio; Pekov, Igor V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Molinari, Simone; Rossi, Manuela (October 2023). "Napoliite, Pb 2 OFCl, a new mineral from Vesuvius volcano, and its relationship with dimorphous rumseyite". Mineralogical Magazine. 87 (5): 711–718. Bibcode:2023MinM...87..711K. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.43.
  78. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Kutyrev, Anton V.; Blatov, Vladislav A.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Y. (9 December 2022). "Nishanbaevite, KAl2O(AsO4)(SO4), a new As/S-ordered arsenate-sulfate mineral of fumarolic origin". Mineralogy and Petrology. 117 (2): 247–257. Bibcode:2023MinPe.117..247P. doi:10.1007/s00710-022-00803-0. ISSN 1438-1168. S2CID 254533626. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  79. ^ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya YU; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Povolotskiy, Aleksey V. (1 January 2019). "Ozerovaite, Na2KAl3(AsO4)4, new mineral species from Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy. 31 (1): 159. Bibcode:2019EJMin..31..159S. doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2808. ISSN 0935-1221. S2CID 134630812.
  80. ^ Campostrini, Italo; Castellano, Carlo; Demartin, Francesco; Rocchetti, Ivano; Russo, Massimo; Vignola, Pietro (June 2022). "Paradimorphite, β-As4S3, a vintage new mineral from Solfatara di Pozzuoli and Vesuvius, Napoli, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 86 (3): 500–506. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.47. hdl:2434/939089. S2CID 248765374.
  81. ^ Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Burns, Peter C.; Vergasova, Lidiya P. (1 August 2007). "THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PARAGEORGBOKIITE, β-Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2". The Canadian Mineralogist. 45 (4): 929. Bibcode:2007CaMin..45..929K. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.929. ISSN 0008-4476.
  82. ^ Demartin, Francesco; Campostrini, Italo; Castellano, Carlo; Russo, Massimo (1 June 2014). "Parascandolaite, KMgF3, a new perovskite-type fluoride from Vesuvius". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 41 (6): 403. doi:10.1007/s00269-014-0668-y. ISSN 1432-2021. S2CID 95302985. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  83. ^ a b Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Lykova, Inna S.; Savelyev, Dmitry P.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (1 August 2014). "Wulffite, K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, and Parawulffite, K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8, Two New Minerals from Fumarole Sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". The Canadian Mineralogist. 52 (4): 699. Bibcode:2014CaMin..52..699P. doi:10.3749/canmin.1400018. ISSN 0008-4476.
  84. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Krzątała, Arkadiusz; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Galuskina, Irina O.; Galuskin, Evgeny V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Vapnik, Yevgeny; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (1 August 2022). "Pliniusite, Ca5(VO4)3F, a new apatite-group mineral and the novel natural ternary solid-solution system pliniusite–svabite–fluorapatite". American Mineralogist. 107 (8): 1626–1634. doi:10.2138/am-2022-8100. S2CID 251071645. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  85. ^ Zelenski, Michael E.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Boldyreva, Maya M.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry YU; Nekrasov, Aleksey N. (1 June 2011). "Pseudolyonsite, Cu3(VO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy. 23 (3): 475. Bibcode:2011EJMin..23..475Z. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2101. ISSN 0935-1221.
  86. ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgenii V.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Avdontseva, Evgeniya Y.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Vlasenko, Natalia S.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Turner, Rick; Karpov, Gennady A. (1 June 2017). "Copper oxosulphates from fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano: puninite, Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 –a new mineral species and structure refinements of kamchatkite and alumoklyuchevskite". European Journal of Mineralogy. 29 (3): 499–510. Bibcode:2017EJMin..29..499S. doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2619. ISSN 0935-1221.
  87. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (1 October 2020). "Rhabdoborite‑(V), rhabdoborite‑(Mo) and rhabdoborite‑(W): a new group of borate minerals with the general formula Mg12M11/3O6[(BO3)6–x(PO4)xF2–x] (M= V5+, Mo6+ or W6+ and x < 1)". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 47 (10): 2–3. doi:10.1007/s00269-020-01105-7. ISSN 1432-2021. S2CID 222070921. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  88. ^ Campostrini, Italo; Demartin, Francesco; Scavini, Marco (2018). "Russoite, NH4ClAs23+O3(H2O)0.5, a new phylloarsenite mineral from Solfatara Di Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 83 (1): 89. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.097. hdl:2434/632951. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 134676998.
  89. ^ Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V.; Vereshchagin, Oleg S.; Pekov, Igor V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V.; Pankin, Dmitriy V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sandalov, Fedor D.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. (3 July 2023). "Ryabchikovite, CuMg(Si2O6), a new pyroxene group mineral, and some genetic features of natural anhydrous copper silicates". American Mineralogist. 108 (7): 1399–1408. Bibcode:2023AmMin.108.1399S. doi:10.2138/am-2022-8620. S2CID 252170715. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  90. ^ Campostrini, Italo; Demartin, Francesco; Russo, Massimo (1 January 2019). "Sbacchiite, Ca2AlF7, a new fumarolic mineral from the Vesuvius volcano, Napoli, Italy". European Journal of Mineralogy. 31 (1): 153–158. Bibcode:2019EJMin..31..153C. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2799. hdl:2434/633175. ISSN 0935-1221. S2CID 133815659.
  91. ^ Hughes, John M.; Finger, Larry W. (1 December 1983). "The crystal chemistry of shcherbinaite, naturally occurring V2O5". American Mineralogist. 68 (11–12): 1220. ISSN 0003-004X. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  92. ^ Birnie, R. W.; Hughes, J. M. (1 October 1979). "Stoiberite, Cu5V2O10, a new copper vanadate from Izalco Volcano, El Salvador, Central America". American Mineralogist. 64 (9–10): 941. ISSN 0003-004X. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  93. ^ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (2014). "Therasiaite, (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5, a new sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian islands, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 78 (1): 203–204. Bibcode:2014MinM...78..203D. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.14. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 101488742. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  94. ^ Garavelli, Anna; Pinto, Daniela; Mitolo, Donatella; Kolitsch, Uwe (October 2021). "Thermessaite-(NH4), (NH4)2AlF3(SO4), a new fumarole mineral from La Fossa crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (5): 665–672. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..665G. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.69. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 239697198. Archived from the original on 2021-09-02. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  95. ^ Balić-Žunić, Tonči; Garavelli, Anna; Mitolo, Donatella (1 July 2018). "Topsøeite, FeF3(H2O)3, a new fumarolic mineral from the Hekla Volcano, Iceland". European Journal of Mineralogy. 30 (4): 841–848. Bibcode:2018EJMin..30..841B. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2751. ISSN 0935-1221. S2CID 135331113.
  96. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. (1 April 2021). "Vasilseverginite, Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral with a hybrid structure containing novel anion-centered tetrahedral structural units". American Mineralogist. 106 (4): 633–640. Bibcode:2021AmMin.106..633P. doi:10.2138/am-2020-7611. ISSN 0003-004X. S2CID 226659801. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  97. ^ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Vergasova, Lidyua P.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya Yu; Moskaleva, Svetlana V. (2018). "Wrightite, K2Al2O(AsO4)2, a new oxo-orthoarsenate from the Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine. 82 (6): 1243. Bibcode:2018MinM...82.1243S. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.091. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 133798925.
  98. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Polekhovsky, Yury S.; Kartashov, Pavel M. (1 June 2018). "Ziminaite, Fe3+VO4, a new howardevansite-group mineral from the Bezymyannyi volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". Mineralogy and Petrology. 112 (3): 371. Bibcode:2018MinPe.112..371P. doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0550-y. ISSN 1438-1168. S2CID 133637568.
  99. ^ Pekov, Igor V.; Lykova, Inna; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Scheidl, Katharina S. (8 August 2020). "A new mineral species zincobradaczekite, NaCuCuZn2(AsO4)3, and a new isomorphous series bradaczekite–zincobradaczekite in the alluaudite group". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 47 (8): 36. Bibcode:2020PCM....47...36P. doi:10.1007/s00269-020-01104-8. ISSN 1432-2021. S2CID 221049489. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2020.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fumarole_mineral&oldid=1255589648"