Frits Holm
Frits Holm | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Frits Vilhelm Holm 23 July 1881 Charlottenlund, Denmark |
| Died | 9 March 1930 (aged 48) |
| Other names | Fritz von Holm |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Spouse |
Marguerite MacDonough Green
(m. 1919; died 1928) |
Frits Vilhelm Holm[2] (23 July 1881[3] – 9 March 1930) was a Danish artefact trafficker. His books usually gave his name as simply Frits Holm or Frits V. Holm, while US newspapers of the time usually misspelled his name as Fritz von Holm, sometimes claiming that he was a member of the European nobility.[2]
Holm is best known for his attempt, in 1907, to "obtain" the famous Nestorian Stele - an ancient Christian monument of Xi'an, in Northwestern China, and sell it to a Western museum. Alerted to his activities (nicknamed by later writers the "Holm-Nestorian expedition to Xi'an"), the local authorities moved the monument from its outdoor location on the western outskirts of the city, and into the Stele Forest museum. In order not to leave China empty-handed, the disappointed Holm had an exact copy of the stele made for him in Xi'an.[2] He had the replica stele taken by cart to the Yellow River, then by small boat down the not very navigable Yellow River to the nearest train station at Zhengzhou, and then by train to the major Yangtze River port of Hankou (now in Wuhan).[3]
Instead of London's British Museum, as he supposedly originally intended, Holm had the replica stele shipped to New York, planning to sell it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The museum's director Caspar Purdon Clarke, however, was less than enthusiastic about purchasing "so large a stone ... of no artistic value". Nonetheless, the replica stele was exhibited in the museum "on loan" from Holm for about 10 years.[2] Eventually, in 1917, Mrs. George Leary, a wealthy New Yorker, purchased the replica stele and sent it to Rome, as a gift to the Pope.[4] Holm claims that he transported the replica himself, harassed by Austrian submarines on the way.[5]
On 9 October 1919, Holm married Marguerite MacDonough Green in New York. She was the only child of the late Warren L. Green, the president of the American Bank Note Company.[6]
Holm died 9 March 1930 from pneumonia.[1]
Orders and decorations
[edit]Holm claims to have received more than 28 orders and decorations in the periode 1902–1920, including:[7]
- Grand Cross of Order of Honour and Merit (Cuba)
- Grand Cross with Swords of Royal Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius
- Knight-Commander Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester
- Grand Officer’s Badge and Star of the Order of the Liberator
- Knight-Commander Cross of the Royal Order of the Redeemer
- Coronation Medal and Royal Red Cross (Spain)
- Cambodgian[Sic] Medal of Merit in Gold (France)
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b FV HOLM DEAD; DANISH EXPLORER; Succumbs to Pneumonia--... New York Times - Mar 10, 1930
- ^ a b c d Keevak 2008, pp. 117–121. Holm's original report can be found in Carus, Wylie & Holm 1909, and also in more popular form in Holm 1923
- ^ a b "The Nestorian Stone's Message of Centuries; More Than a Thousand Years Old These Inscriptions, in Replica at the Metropolitan Museum, Tell of Early Christianity in China", The New York Times, July 12, 1908, Sunday. Section: Magazine Section, Page SM6. (In this article he is referred to as "26-year-old")
- ^ NEW CAPTAIN ON ST. LOUIS.; Hartley, Young American Line Commander, Praised for Handling Ship. The New York Times, January 29, 1917
- ^ Holm 1923, p. 320.
- ^ Miss Green Wed to Dr. Frits Holm. The New York Times, October 10, 1919
- ^ "Biographical Sketch". archive.org. January 1920. p. 39. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
References
[edit]- Carus, Paul; Wylie, Alexander; Holm, Frits (1909), The Nestorian Monument: An Ancient Record of Christianity in China, with Special Reference to the expedition of Frits V. Holm..., The Open court publishing company
- Holm, Frits (1923), My Nestorian Adventure in China: A Popular Account of the Holm-Nestorian Expedition to Sian-Fu and Its Results, Fleming H. Revell
- Keevak, Michael (2008), The Story of a Stele: China's Nestorian Monument and Its Reception in the West, 1625-1916, ISBN 978-962-209-895-4
Rxternal link
[edit]
- Biography in Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
- Assortment of letters and articles at archive.org
