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Freue dich, erlöste Schar, BWV 30

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Freue dich, erlöste Schar
BWV 30 • 30.2
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
There was a man, named Johannes, who was sent by God by Lucas Cranach the Elder, c. 1551
Relatedbased on Angenehmes Wiederau
Cantata textPossibly Christian Friedrich Henrici (Picander)
ChoraleTröstet, tröstet meine Lieben, by Johann Olearius
Performed24 June 1738 (1738-06-24): Leipzig
Movements12
VocalSATB choir and solo
Instrumental
  • 3 trumpets
  • timpani
  • 2 flauti traversi
  • 2 oboes
  • oboe d'amore
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Freue dich, erlöste Schar (Rejoice, redeemed flock), BWV 30.2, BWV 30, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of his later realisations in the genre: he composed it for the Feast of John the Baptist (24 June) in 1738, and based its music largely on Angenehmes Wiederau, a secular cantata which he had composed a year earlier. Christian Friedrich Henrici (Picander), the librettist of the secular model of the cantata, is likely also the author of the sacred cantata's version of the text.[1][2][3][4]

The cantata's outer choral movements, and its four arias, are parodied from the secular work. Bach recomposed the five recitatives, and added a chorale as conclusion of the first half of the cantata. The cantata is scored for soprano, alto, tenor and bass singers, woodwinds, strings, and continuo. While the earlier composition had also trumpets and timpani in its outer movements, Bach did not copy these parts in his autograph score of the sacred version of the work. Later it was suggested, likely not by the composer, that these parts could be added ad libitum. The 19th-century publication of the cantata by the Bach Gesellschaft (Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe, BGA) included these parts in the printed score.[2][3][5]

Context

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In 1737 Bach had composed Angenehmes Wiederau, BWV 30.1, the secular model for Freue dich, erlöste Schar, for performance at Wiederau manor [commons] (ceiling of its two-storey high celebration hall pictured).[6][7]

Bach composed Freue dich, erlöste Schar, a cantata for St. John's Day (24 June), in Leipzig, where the traditional readings from scripture for the feast day were, from the Book of Isaiah: "the voice of a preacher in the desert" (Isaiah 40:1–5), and from the Gospel of Luke: the birth of John the Baptist and the Benedictus of Zechariah (Luke 1:57–80). Bach based the cantata on a secular cantata, Angenehmes Wiederau, BWV 30.1 (previously BWV 30a), which he had composed in 1737 to celebrate Johann Christian von Hennicke [de]'s acquisition of Wiederau manor. It is assumed that the sacred parody was realised the next year, and first performed on St. John's Day of that year.[2][3][6][8][9]

Freue dich, erlöste Schar belongs to the period of Bach's late church cantata production, an era when he composed, as far as known, mostly isolated cantatas that were either an addition to one of his earlier cycles, or a recasting of earlier work. In the 1730s, parody texts for vocal music which Bach had previously composed for another occasion were often delivered by Christian Friedrich Henrici, known under the pen name Picander, as seems to have been the case for BWV 30.2 too. Possibly the cantata was a late addition to the third cycle: in the third cycle year 1726 Bach had performed Siehe, ich will meinen Engel senden, JLB 17, a St. John's Day cantata by his cousin Johann Ludwig, so he may have wished to complement that cycle with one of his own compositions.[2][10]

The third stanza of Johann Olearius's 1671 hymn "Tröstet, tröstet meine Lieben" is the text of the chorale movement which closes the first part of the cantata, using "Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele", Zahn No. 6543, as hymn tune. This melody, based on an older tune, first appeared in its chorale form as a setting of Psalm 42 by Louis Bourgeois, in the 1551 edition of the Genevan Psalter (Pseaumes octante trois de David). The sixth movement of BWV 30.2 is, as far as known, the eighth and last time Bach adopted this chorale melody in one of his compositions: he used it, with various hymn texts, in seven four-part harmonizations and as a cantus firmus by the alto in the third movement of Meine Seufzer, meine Tränen, BWV 13.[8][11][12][13][14][15]

Composition

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First page of Bach's autograph score of BWV 30.1, showing the parts for trumpets and timpani in the uppermost four staves, the parts which were omitted by the composer in the BWV 30.2 version of the same music.

Bach scored the cantata for four vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor, bass), a four-part choir, two traversos, two oboes, oboe d'amore, concertato violin, accompanying strings (two violin parts and one viola part) and basso continuo. The three trumpets and timpani that played in the outer movements of the cantata's secular model, were not copied in Bach's autograph of the sacred work, but could be added ad libitum to the respective movements of that version of the work, as the Bach-Gesellschaft did when they published the composition. In 1752, two years after Bach's death, his son Wilhelm Friedemann added reworked parts for two trumpets and timpani in these movements, and applied some other changes, for a performance in Halle.[3][5]

The cantata is in twelve movements, divided in two parts, to be performed before and after the sermon. In his translation of Alfred Dürr's standard work on Bach's cantatas, Richard D. P. Jones describes the over-all mood of the cantata as "joyful, relaxed and unproblematic", with a dance-like character appearing in the arias. A performance of the cantata takes around 40 minutes.[2]

Part I

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Movements of Freue dich, erlöste Schar, Part I
No. Title Type Vocal Winds Strings Brass Percussion Key Time
1 Freue dich, erlöste Schar Chorus SATB 2 flutes, 2 oboes 2 violins, viola, basso continuo 3 trumpets Timpani D major 2/4
2 Wir haben Rast Recitative Bass Basso continuo 4/4
3 Gelobet sei Gott, gelobet sein Name Aria Bass 2 violins, viola, basso continuo G major 3/8
4 Der Herold kömmt und meldt den König an Recitative Alto Basso continuo 4/4
5 Kommt, ihr angefochtnen Sünder Aria Alto Flute 2 violins, viola, basso continuo A major 4/4
6 Eine Stimme lässt sich hören Chorale SATB 2 flute (col soprano), 2 oboes (col soprano) Violin (col soprano), violin (coll'alto), viola (col tenore), basso continuo A major 4/4

The opening chorus is in D major and displays continuous dynamic musical movement. It adopts a syncopated introductory rhythm that later reappears in the alto aria. The form is between a da capo and a rondo: the A section appears in the middle of the B section. The movement also reverses expectations regarding introductions, beginning with a combined vocal and instrumental thematic statement before presenting it without voices.[2][16]

All of the recitatives in Part I are secco. The "dazzling and brilliant" bass aria of Part I is characterized by triplet figures and includes full string accompaniment in roulades. It includes the same foundational motive as the alto aria, and is formally in modified ternary. The alto aria is remarkable for its binary-form ritornello and "blues-like" final cadence; structurally, the movement is a gavotte. Craig Smith notes that "one can hardly think of another Bach aria that so profoundly illustrates a state of grace. The gentle dance rhythms are celestial and heavenly in their inexorable progress". Part I concludes with the cantata's only chorale.[8][16]

Part II

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Movements of Freue dich, erlöste Schar, Part II
No. Title Type Vocal Winds Strings Brass Percussion Key Time
7 So bist du denn, mein Heil, bedacht Recitative Bass 2 oboes Basso continuo E minor 4/4
8 Ich will nun hassen Aria Bass Oboe d'amoure 3 violins, viola, basso continuo B minor 2/4
9 Und obwohl sonst der Unbestand Recitative Soprano Basso continuo 4/4
10 Eilt, ihr Stunden, kommt herbei Aria Soprano Violin, basso continuo E minor 9/8
11 Geduld, der angenehme Tag Recitative Tenor Basso continuo 4/4
12 Freue dich, geheilgte Schar Chorus SATB Two flutes, two oboes 2 violin, viola, basso continuo 3 trumpets Timpani D major 2/4

Part II opens with the cantata's only recitativo accompagnato, for bass with oboes and continuo. This prepares a bass aria, which opens with an "aggressive 'scotch snap'" that repeats throughout the movement. A secco soprano recitative prepares a 9/8 soprano aria with chromatic bass, gigue rhythms, and an operatic style. The penultimate movement is a tenor recitative with "elongated phrases and weird chromatic harmonies", representing a tortured soul. The piece concludes with a repetition of the chorus on a different text.[16]

Reception

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Both Wilhelm Friedemann Bach and his brother Carl Philipp Emanuel performed the work in the second half of the 18th century: the former in Halle in 1752, and the latter in Hamburg in 1780.[3] After the publication of the cantata in the second half of the 19th century, it was for instance performed in the Gewandhaus in Leipzig.[17]

Publication

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The Bach Gesellschaft published the cantata in 1855, edited by Wilhelm Rust, as last cantata in their third volume of church cantatas.[5] In 1866 Robert Franz published a vocal score (with his piano reduction of the orchestral material) of the cantata, which in the first half of the 20th century was republished with an English translation by Alfred G. Langley (Sing For Joy ye Ransomed Band).[18]

Frieder Rempp [scores] edited the cantata for the New Bach Edition, which included the cantata in the 29th volume of its first series (score: 1982; critical commentary: 1984). The composer's autograph scores (P 43 and 44) and performance parts (St 31) of both the secular and sacred versions of the work are conserved in the Berlin State Library: digitized facsimiles of these manuscripts have been made available online, as well at that Library's website as at the Bach Digital platform.[3][6]

Recordings

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Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ Pamela Dellal. Bach Cantata Translations: BWV 30 – "Freue dich, erlöste Schar" at Emmanuel Music website.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–42 and 689–694. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Work 00038, Freue dich, erlöste Schar, at Bach Digital website.
  4. ^ C. S. Terry and D. Litti (1917). "Bach's Cantata Libretti". Journal of the Royal Musical Association. 44 (1): 71–125. doi:10.1093/jrma/44.1.71.
  5. ^ a b c Wilhelm Rust, editor (1855). Joh. Seb. Bach's Kirchenkantaten, Vol. 3, Vol. 51 of the Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe. Breitkopf & Härtel, pp. XIII–XVI, XXXII–XXXV (Preface) and 321–395 (score).
  6. ^ a b c Work 00039, Angenehmes Wiederau, freue dich in deinen Auen, at Bach Digital website.
  7. ^ Schloss Wiederau: Gerettet vor den Braunkohle-Baggern at www.burgerbe.de (in German)
  8. ^ a b c Craig Smith. "Programme notes – BWV 30". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  9. ^ Dorothea Schröder (2012). Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). CH Beck. p. 74. ISBN 978-3-406-62228-1.
  10. ^ Work 08310, Siehe, ich will meinen Engel senden, at Bach Digital website.
  11. ^ Luke Dahn (2018): BWV 30, movement 6 at www.bach-chorales.com
  12. ^ Johannes Zahn (1891). Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder, Vol. IV. Bertelsmann, p. 102
  13. ^ Melvin P. Unger (1996). Handbook to Bach's Sacred Cantata Texts. Scarecrow Press. p. 755. ISBN 978-1-4616-5905-1.
  14. ^ BWV2a (1998), p. 481.
  15. ^ 7 Four-Part Chorale Settings of Louis Bourgeois's "Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele" by J. S. Bach at www.bach-chorales.com
  16. ^ a b c Julian Mincham. "Chapter 52 Bwv 30 – The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach". jsbachcantatas. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  17. ^ Alfred Dörffel. "Statistik der Concerte im Saale des Gewandhauses zu Leipzig" in Geschichte der Gewandhausconcerte zu Leipzig vom 25. November 1781 bis 25. November 1881: Im Auftrage der Concert-Direction verfasst. Leipzig, 1884, p. 3
  18. ^ Franz, Robert at Yo Tomita [fr]'s Bach Bibliography website.
  19. ^ Gardiner, John Eliot (2004). Bach Cantatas Vol. 1: City of London (PDF) (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website).
  20. ^ Robin A. Leaver (2017). "Bach Cantatas: in Print and Recordings", pp. 93–114 in Bach Vol. 48, No. 1. Riemenschneider Bach Institute. doi:10.22513/bach.48.1.0093
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