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Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort, BWV 126

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Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
BWV 126
Chorale cantata by J. S. Bach
Martin Luther, author of four stanzas of the hymn, by Lucas Cranach the Elder
OccasionSexagesimae
Chorale"Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort"
Performed4 February 1725 (1725-02-04): Leipzig
Movements6
Vocal
  • SATB choir
  • solo: alto, tenor and bass
Instrumental
  • trumpet
  • 2 oboes
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort (Sustain us, Lord with your word),[1] BWV 126, is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach for use in a Lutheran service. He composed the chorale cantata in 1725 in Leipzig for the Sunday Sexagesimae, the second Sunday before Lent, and first performed it on 4 February 1725. It is based on the hymn "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort" by Martin Luther, published in 1542. The hymn text at Bach's time also included two stanzas by Justus Jonas and Luther's "Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich".

An unknown librettist retained four of these seven combined stanzas, using the first and the two last unchanged as customary, and expanding the third by adding text for a recitative. He paraphrased the other stanzas for two arias and another recitative. Bach structured the cantata in six movements and scored it for three vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of trumpet, oboe, strings and continuo. The first movement is a chorale fantasia dominated by the trumpet. In the unusual third movement, Bach has an alto and a tenor voice alternate for the recitative, while they sing the lines from the third hymn stanza in a duet. The fourth movement is a dramatic bass aria, accompanied by a restless continuo. Due to the compiled hymns, the melody of the closing two stanzas is different from the one used in movements 1 and 3.

History and words

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Bach held the position of Thomaskantor (director of church music) in Leipzig from 1723. During his first year, beginning with the first Sunday after Trinity, he wrote a cycle of cantatas for the occasions of the liturgical year. In his second year he composed a second annual cycle of cantatas, which was planned to consist exclusively of chorale cantatas, each based on one Lutheran hymn.[2]

Parable of the Sower, the topic of the prescribed gospel, etching by Jan Luyken

As part of this cycle, Bach composed Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort for Sexagesima, the second Sunday before Lent. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were taken from the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, "God's power is mighty in the weak" (2 Corinthians 11:19–12:9), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Sower (Luke 8:4–15).[3] The cantata is based on the hymn "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort" by Martin Luther.[4] At Bach's time, it included the three stanzas of Luther's chorale, followed by two stanzas of Justus Jonas, Luther's German version of Da pacem Domine (Give peace, Lord, 1531), and a second stanza to it, paraphrasing 1 Timothy 2:2 (1566).[5]

The result are seven stanzas:

  1. Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
  2. Beweis dein Macht, Herr Jesu Christ
  3. Gott Heilger Geist, du Tröster wert
  4. Ihr' Anschläg, Herr, zunichte mach
  5. So werden sie erkennen doch
  6. Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich
  7. Gib unserm Fürsten und aller Obrigkeit

A line in the epistle, "For the word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword" (Hebrews 4:12), possibly prompted the choice of the hymn.[5] The unknown poet of the cantata text kept stanzas 1, 3, 6 and 7 unchanged, expanding 3 by recitative, and reworded 2, 4 and 5 for the respective movements of the cantata. The topic of the gospel is God's word, as Jesus explains in verse 11, "Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God.", which is mentioned in the first line of the hymn, "bei deinem Wort" (close to your word). Instead of relating closely to the parable, the poet concentrates on a general request to God: to keep his people faithful to his word, to protect them from enemies and to provide peace.[3]

Bach first performed the cantata on 4 February 1725,[6] only two days after the cantata Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin, BWV 125, for the Purification of Mary on 2 February.[7][8] The autograph of the cantata is lost, but the parts which Bach used are extant.[5] The cantata is the third-to-last chorale cantata in Bach's second cantata cycle.[7]

Music

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Structure and scoring

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Bach structured the cantata in six movements. In the typical format of Bach's chorale cantatas, the first and last movement on the first and stanza of the hymn are set for choir, as a chorale fantasia and a closing chorale. They frame alternating arias and recitatives with the librettist's text. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists (alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble: trumpet (Tr), two oboes (Ob), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo (Bc).[9][10] The duration of the piece has been stated as 22 minutes.[9]

In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[10] The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[11] The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
No. Title Text Type Vocal Winds Strings Key Time
1 Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort Luther Chorale fantasia SATB Tr 2Ob 2Vl Va A minor common time
2 Sende deine Macht von oben anon. Aria T 2Ob E minor common time
3
  • Der Menschen Gunst und Macht wird wenig nützen
  • Gott Heiliger Geist, du Tröster wert
  • anon.
  • Luther
 Recitative
e chorale 		A T common time
4 Stürze zu Boden, schwülstige Stolze! anon. Aria B C major 3/8
5 So wird dein Wort und Wahrheit offenbar anon. Recitative T common time
6
  • Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich
  • Gib unsern Fürsten und all'r Obrigkeit
 Luther Chorale SATB Tr 2Ob 2Vl Va A minor common time

Movements

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1

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The opening chorus, "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort" (Sustain us, Lord with your word,),[1] is a chorale fantasia. A characteristic feature of the instrumental concerto is a four-note trumpet signal, which is derived from the beginning of the chorale melody, as if to repeat the words "Erhalt uns, Herr" (Sustain us, Lord) again and again.[12] The motif consists of the three notes of the A minor chord in the sequence A C A E, with the higher notes on the stressed syllables, the highest one on "Herr". The cantus firmus of the chorale[4] is sung by the soprano, while the other voices sing in imitation, embedded in the independent concerto of the orchestra.[13] The Bach scholar Christoph Wolff notes that the trumpet fanfare "underlines the combative, dogmatic character of this late devotional song of Luther's".[7]

2

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The first aria, sung by the tenor, "Sende deine Macht von oben" (Send Your power from above),[1] is a prayer, intensified by two oboes. In the middle section the words "erfreuen" (delight) and "zerstreuen" (scatter) are illustrated by runs in the voice.[14]

3

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Movement 3 presents two text elements interwoven, the recitative "Der Menschen Gunst und Macht wird wenig nützen" (The wish and will of mankind are of little use),[1] and the interspersed four lines of the hymn's third stanza, "Gott, Heiliger Geist, du Tröster wert" (God, Holy Spirit, worthy Comforter).[1] The recitative lines are sung by alternating voices alto and tenor, while the interspersed chorale lines are rendered by both voices in duet. In this duet, the voice that enters sings the embellished hymn tune, while the other accompanies.[14]

4

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The second aria, "Stürze zu Boden, schwülstige Stolze!" (Hurl to the ground the pompous proud!),[1] is dramatic, especially in the restless continuo. John Eliot Gardiner quotes William G. Whittaker: Bach’s "righteous indignation at the enemies of his faith was never expressed more fiercely than in this aria".[12] The Bach scholar Alfred Dürr describes the movement as an "aria of genuinely baroque dramatic force", expressing "Old Testament zeal".[14]

5

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A tenor recitative, "So wird dein Wort und Wahrheit offenbar" (Thus Your word and truth will be revealed),[1] changes the topic and leads to peace, implored in the final movement.[12]

6

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Movement 6 combines the two stanzas from different chorales, Luther's "Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich" (Grant us peace graciously),[1] and Walter's "Gib unsern Fürsten und all'r Obrigkeit Fried und gut Regiment" (Give our rulers and all lawgivers peace and good government),[1] in a four-part setting.[15] These two stanzas have a different melody.[7]

Recordings

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The selection is taken from the listing on the Bach-Cantatas website.[16] Instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances are highlighted green under the header "Instr.".

Recordings of Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Instr.
J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 126 & BWV 149 Wolfgang Gönnenwein
Süddeutscher Madrigalchor
Consortium Musicum
EMI 1967 (1967)
Bach Cantatas Vol. 2 – Easter Karl Richter
Münchener Bach-Chor
Münchener Bach-Orchester
Archiv Produktion 1974 (1974)
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 27 Helmuth Rilling
Gächinger Kantorei
Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
Hänssler 1980 (1980)
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 5 Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Concentus Musicus Wien
Teldec 1980 (1980) Period
Bach Cantatas Vol. 20: Naarden / Southwell John Eliot Gardiner
Monteverdi Choir
English Baroque Soloists
Archiv Produktion 2000 (2000) Period
Bach Edition Vol. 21 – Cantatas Vol. 12 Pieter Jan Leusink
Holland Boys Choir
Netherlands Bach Collegium
Brilliant Classics 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 14 Ton Koopman
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
Antoine Marchand 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 34 – BWV 111, 123, 124, 125 Masaaki Suzuki
Bach Collegium Japan
BIS 2005 (2005) Period

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dellal 2012.
  2. ^ Dürr 2006, p. 32.
  3. ^ a b Dürr 2006, p. 239.
  4. ^ a b Luther's hymns 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Wollschläger 2012, p. 4.
  6. ^ Bach digital 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d Wolff 2001, p. 3.
  8. ^ Mincham 2010.
  9. ^ a b Dürr 2006, p. 237.
  10. ^ a b Bischof 2010.
  11. ^ Dürr 2006, p. 237–238.
  12. ^ a b c Gardiner 2009.
  13. ^ Dürr 2006, pp. 239–240.
  14. ^ a b c Dürr 2006, p. 240.
  15. ^ Dürr 2006, p. 241.
  16. ^ Oron 2016.

Bibliography

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Scores

  • Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort, BWV 126: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  • "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort BWV 126; BC A 46 / Chorale cantata (Sexagesima)". Bach digital website, managed by Bach Archive, SLUB, SBB and Leipzig University. 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

Books

Online sources

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