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French submarine Turquoise (1908)

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For other ships with the same name, see French ship Turquoise.
A French postcard of Turquoise on the surface, 3 April 1913
History
France
NameTurquoise
NamesakeTurquoise
BuilderArsenal de Toulon
Laid downOctober 1903
Launched3 August 1908
Completed10 December 1910
IdentificationPennant number: Q46
CapturedSalvaged by the Ottoman Navy, 3 November 1915
FateDirect hit piercing periscope prevent evasion and diving eventually captured, 30 October 1915
Ottoman Empire
NameMüstecip Onbaşı
Acquired3 November 1915
General characteristics
Class and typeÉmeraude-class submarine
Displacement
  • 395 t (389 long tons) (surfaced)
  • 427 t (420 long tons) (submerged)
Length44.9 m (147 ft 4 in) (o/a)
Beam3.9 m (12 ft 10 in)
Draft3.77 m (12 ft 4 in)
Installed power
Propulsion2 × shafts; 2 × diesels; 2 × electric motors
Speed
  • 11.26 knots (20.85 km/h; 12.96 mph) (surfaced)
  • 8.7 knots (16.1 km/h; 10.0 mph) (submerged)
Range
  • 2,000 nmi (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) (surfaced)
  • 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) (submerged)
Test depth40 m (130 ft)
Complement2 officers and 23 crewmen
Armament4 × 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes (2 × bow, 2 × stern)

Turquoise was one of six Émeraude-class submarines built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description

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The Émeraude class were built as part of the French Navy's 1903 building program to a Maugas single-hull design.[1] The submarines displaced 395 metric tons (389 long tons) surfaced and 427 metric tons (420 long tons) submerged. They had an overall length of 44.9 meters (147 ft 4 in), a beam of 3.9 meters (12 ft 10 in), and a draft of 3.8 meters (12 ft 6 in). They had an operational diving depth of 40 meters (130 ft). Their crew numbered 2 officers and 23 enlisted men.[2]

For surface running, the boats were powered by two Sautter-Harlé 300-metric-horsepower (296 bhp; 221 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 300-metric-horsepower electric motor. They could reach a maximum speed of 11.26 knots (20.85 km/h; 12.96 mph) on the surface and 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) underwater. The Émeraude class had a surface endurance of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) and a submerged endurance of 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph).[3]

The boats were armed with four internal 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, two in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried six torpedoes.[4] Turquoise and her sister Topaze were the first French submarines to be equipped with a deck gun when they were fitted with a single 37-millimeter (1.5 in) gun in August 1915.[1]

Construction and career

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Turquoise was laid down in October 1903[5] at the Arsenal de Toulon, launched on 3 August 1908 and commissioned on 10 December 1910.[6]

During World War I, Turquoise was received a direct hit to her periscope in the Dardanelles off Nagara Point, Ottoman Empire, on 30 October 1915 by an artillery corporal named Müstecip while traveling on the surface. {The crew surrendered) She was repaired by Ottoman forces on 3 November 1915 and taken into the Ottoman Navy as Müstecip Onbaşı,[7] and returned in 1918.

Citations

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  1. ^ a b Gardiner & Gray, p. 208
  2. ^ Garier 1998, pp. 12–13, 23
  3. ^ Garier 1998, p. 18
  4. ^ Garier 1998, pp. 18–19
  5. ^ Couhat, p. 138
  6. ^ Garier 1998, p. 12
  7. ^ "French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.

Bibliography

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  • Borton, Donald E.; Griffith, Frank G.; Kemp, Paul J.; Layman, R. D. & Rich, North (1988). "Question 19/87". Warship International. XXV (2): 210–212. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Caruana, Joseph (1989). "Question 19/87". Warship International. XXVI (2): 206. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Couhat, Jean Labayle (1974). French Warships of World War I. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0445-5.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Garier, Gérard (2002). A l'épreuve de la Grande Guerre. L'odyssée technique et humaine du sous-marin en France (in French). Vol. 3–2. Bourg-en-Bresse, France: Marines édition. ISBN 2-909675-81-5.
  • Garier, Gérard (1998). Des Émeraude (1905-1906) au Charles Brun (1908–1933). L'odyssée technique et humaine du sous-marin en France (in French). Vol. 2. Bourg-en-Bresse, France: Marines édition. ISBN 2-909675-34-3.
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