French cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1923)
 Duguay-Trouin
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
  France | |
| Name | Duguay-Trouin |
| Namesake | René Duguay-Trouin |
| Builder | Arsenal de Brest |
| Laid down | 4 August 1922 |
| Launched | 14 August 1923 |
| Commissioned | 2 November 1926 |
| Decommissioned | 19 March 1952 |
| Fate | Scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Duguay-Trouin-class cruiser |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 181.30 m (594 ft 10 in) (o/a) |
| Beam | 17.50 m (57 ft 5 in) |
| Draught | 6.14 m (20 ft 2 in), 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in) (full load) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion | 4 shafts; 4 geared turbines |
| Speed | 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) |
| Range | 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 27 officers, 551 sailors |
| Armament |
|
| Armour |
|
| Aircraft carried | 2 × floatplanes |
| Aviation facilities | 1 × catapult |
Duguay-Trouin was the lead ship of her class of French light cruisers, launched in the early 1920s. She was named after René Duguay-Trouin. She patrolled the Mediterranean during the Spanish Civil War, and after the outbreak of the Second World War, she hunted Nazi pocket battleships before being interned after the Fall of France and until 1943. She then took part in Allied operations in the Mediterranean, supporting the Provence Landings and shelling Nazi and Fascist troops on the coasts of Italy until the end of the war. Duguay-Trouin then took part in the decolonisation wars in Algeria, and in Indochina.
Design and description
[edit]The design of the Duguay-Trouin class was based on an improved version of a 1915 design, but was reworked with more speed and a more powerful armament to match the British E-class and the American Omaha-class light cruisers. The ships had an overall length of 175.3 meters (575 ft 2 in), a beam of 17.2 meters (56 ft 5 in), and a draft of 5.3 meters (17 ft 5 in). They displaced 8,128 metric tons (8,000 long tons) at standard load and 9,655 t (9,503 long tons) at deep load. Their crew consisted of 591 men when serving as flagships.[2]
Construction and career
[edit]Pre-war
[edit]Started on 4 August 1922,[3] Duguay-Trouin was the first large unit put on keel in France after the First World War.[4] Launched on 14 August 1923,[3] she was one of the longest light cruisers of the era, which made her a fast ship, capable of sustaining 30 knots for an entire day during trials.[4] She entered active service on 2 November 1926.[3]
After completion, she was assigned to the 2nd Squadron and based at Brest. In 1929, she became flagship of the 3rd Light Division in the Mediterranean and, in 1931, she undertook an extended cruise to Indo-China, then a French colony. Duguay-Trouin returned to the 2nd Squadron at Brest in 1932, this time as flagship, remaining there until 1935.
In 1936, she took part in the international effort to safeguard shipping in the Mediterranean on the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War. For the occasion, the top of her upper turrets was painted in Blue-White-Red colours, to make identification easier and avoid attacks by belligerents.[3]
In 1936, she became a gunnery training ship.[5] The following year, she was modernised, notably fitting a reinforced anti-air artillery.[6] In 1938, she was under the command of Captain de Prévaux.[7]
In June 1939, she joined the 6th Cruiser Division.
World War II
[edit]France declared war on 3 September 1939 as Duguay-Trouin was in Dakar.[4] Along with other French and British ships, she commenced Atlantic patrols to intercept German pocket battleships.[5] On 16 October 1939 Duguay-Trouin intercepted the German merchant ship Halle 200 miles (320 km) south-west of Dakar. Halle was scuttled to prevent its capture.
In early May, 1940, she was transferred to the eastern Mediterranean, based at Beirut, for operations in the Adriatic and Dodecanese.
In July 1940, after the French surrender, she joined Admiral René-Émile Godfroy's Force X at Alexandria, Egypt;[5] there, she was disarmed by agreement between the British and French admirals during Operation Catapult and interned by the British from 22 June 1940.[4][3] Axis forces occupying the so-called Free Zone in November 1942 made Armistice terms between France and the Third Reich moot, and Duguay-Trouin rejoined the Allies on 30 May 1943.[3] She was re-armed in July,[8] and after modernisation in Casablanca and Oran,[5][9] she returned to active service in September 1943.[3] During her refit, Duguay-Trouin had her torpedo tubes and aircraft removed,[6] and instead gained 4 75-millimetre AA guns, 15 20-millimetre guns and 10 13.2-millimetre machine guns.[5]
In March 1944, she ferried troops between Algiers, Ajaccio, Oran and Napoli.[5] She supported the landings in southern France in August 1944[4][3] and subsequently undertook bombardments along the Italian coast with the Flank Force until April 1945.[3]
Post-war
[edit]On 10 and 11 May 1945, Duguay-Trouin bombarded villages in Algeria during the Sétif and Guelma massacre, opening fire in ten instances.[10]
On 28 May 1947, with the outbreak of the Indochina War, Duguay-Trouin departed Toulon, bound for the Far East by way of Diego-Suarez in Madagascar,[3][5] arriving at Saigon on 13 November 1947.[5] She remained in the region until September 1951[3] as flagship of the Far East Division, supporting landing parties with land bombardment from 1948 to October 1951.[5]
Duguay-Trouin was eventually decommissioned on 19 March 1952,[4] and sold for scrap in 1953,[3] having served one of the longest careers of the warships of her time.[5]
-
aft of the ship, with aircraft installation visible -
Dugay-Trouin and her sister-ships -
schematics of the ship, pre-refit
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Whitley, p. 38
- ^ Jordan & Moulin, p. 30
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "le croiseur Duguay Trouin". Prisonniers de Guerre. 19 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "Duguay-Trouin". www.netmarine.net. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Duguay-Trouin - Croiseur". memorial-national-des-marins.fr. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
- ^ a b "Croiseurs Classe Duguay Trouin". www.secondeguerre.net. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
- ^ "Jacques Trolley de Prevaux". ordredelaliberation.fr (in French). Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ Godfroy 1953
- ^ Guiglini, Jean; Moreau, Albert. Les Croiseurs De 8000 Tonnes. Marines Edition. ISBN 2909675203.
- ^ "Le cas de Sétif-Kherrata-Guelma (Mai 1945) | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche". www.sciencespo.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-03.
Sources
[edit]
- Godfroy, René-Émile (1953). L'Aventure de la force X (escadre française de la Méditerranée orientale) à Alexandrie (in French). Paris: Plon.
- Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 1". Warship International. XXXVIII (3): 269–299. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 2". Warship International. XXXVIII (4): 355–390. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013). French Cruisers 1922–1956. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-133-5.
- Whitley, Michael J. (1995). Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-225-1.