Frederick Augustus Genth

Frederick Augustus Genth
Born	(1820-05-17)May 17, 1820 Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel, Germany
Died	February 2, 1893(1893-02-02) (aged 72) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Nationality	German, later American
Alma mater	University of Marburg
Scientific career
Institutions	University of Pennsylvania
Signature

Frederick Augustus Ludwig Karl Wilhelm Genth (May 17, 1820 – February 2, 1893) was a German-American chemist, specializing in analytical chemistry and mineralogy.

Biography

Frederick Augustus Genth was born in Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel on May 17, 1820. He studied at the Hanau gymnasium and at the University of Heidelberg, under Justus von Liebig at Giessen, and finally under Christian Gerling (physics) and Robert Bunsen (chemistry) at Marburg, where he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1846. For three years (1845–1848) he acted as assistant to Bunsen.

In 1848, Genth immigrated to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia and organized an analytical laboratory. In 1872 he was appointed professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Pennsylvania. He resigned his professorship in 1888, and re-established his laboratory. He also held the office of chemist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and also to the board of agriculture of that state.

Genth was a member of many scientific societies in the United States: he was elected in 1872 to membership in the National Academy of Sciences; he was a member of the American Philosophical Society (elected 1886), one of the founders of the American Chemical Society, and its president in 1880, and a fellow of the Boston Academy of Arts and Sciences. Benjamin Silliman, Jr., alluded to Genth as having "no superior in this country as an analytical chemist."

Publications

Genth contributed many and careful analyses of minerals to the literature of chemistry. His name is associated with the ammonia cobalt bases which he discovered in 1846, and, in joint authorship with Wolcott Gibbs (1822–1908), he contributed to the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" a monograph on "Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases" (Washington, 1856).

Genth is the author of 102 separate papers on subjects in chemistry and mineralogy. Of these, about 30 were not related to mineralogy. Among the non-mineralogical papers were papers on fertilizers, which were related to his work for the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture.

He also published "Tabellarische Übersicht der wichtigsten Reactionen welche Basen in Salzen zeigen" (Marburg, 1845), also the same in relation to "Acids" (1845); "Corundum" (in American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 1873); "Minerals of North Carolina," being appendix "C" of the Report on the Geology of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1875); also First and Second Preliminary Reports on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1875/6), and Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1881).

Minerals discovered and characterized

Genth was first to describe and characterize a number of new minerals, often ores of tellurium. Among those still recognized today are: melonite, calaverite, cosalite, schirmerite, coloradoite, montanite, kerrite, maconite, willcoxite, dudleyite, endlichite, landsfordite, nesquehonite, phosphuranylite, and penfieldite.

Family

He married twice, the first time to Karolina Jäger (1847), with whom he had three children, the second time to Paulina Fischer (1852), with whom he had nine children.

He died in Philadelphia on February 2, 1893.

References

• Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1906). "Genth, Frederick Augustus" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

Attribution

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Genth, Frederick Augustus L. C. W." . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Genth, Frederick Augustus" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading

• Myers, William Marsh; Zerfoss, Samuel (1946). "Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893, chemist, mineralogist, collector" (PDF). Journal of the Franklin Institute. 241 (5): 341–354. doi:10.1016/0016-0032(46)90484-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
• Kauffman, G. B. (1977). "Early Experimental Studies of Cobalt-Ammines". Isis. 68 (3): 392–403. doi:10.1086/351815. JSTOR 231315. S2CID 93782710.
• Barker, George Frederick (1902). "Memoir of Frederick Augustus Genth, 1820-1893" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 4 (12).