Jump to content

Foreign relations of Liechtenstein

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of Liechtenstein
Constitution
Monarchy
Executive
Legislative
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Consulate of Malta in Schaan

Liechtenstein's foreign economic policy has been dominated by its customs union with Switzerland (and with Austria-Hungary until World War I). This union also led to its independent membership in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991. Unlike Switzerland however (where citizens rejected membership in a referendum), Liechtenstein is part of the European Economic Area.

Liechtenstein was admitted to the United Nations in 1990. It is not a member of most specialized agencies of the United Nations, with the exceptions of the International Telecommunication Union, the Universal Postal Union and the World Intellectual Property Organization.

Liechtenstein has resorted two times to international dispute settlement by the International Court of Justice, in the Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala) case against Guatemala in the 1950s and in a case concerning art property of the Liechtenstein family against Germany in 2005. It lost in both cases.

Liechtenstein maintains resident embassies in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Holy See, Switzerland and the United States, along with a number of missions to international organisations. Under a 1919 agreement between Liechtenstein and Switzerland, ambassadors of Switzerland are authorised to represent Liechtenstein in countries and in diplomatic situations unless Liechtenstein opts to send its own ambassador.[1] As of 2024, Liechtenstein has diplomatic relations with 133 UN countries.[2]

Relations with individual countries

[edit]

International dispute with Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic and Slovakia

[edit]

The country has an international dispute with Czech Republic and Slovakia concerning the estates of its princely family in those countries. After World War II, Czechoslovakia, as it then was, acting to seize what it considered to be German possessions, expropriated the entirety of the Liechtenstein dynasty's hereditary lands and possessions in the Czech regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. The expropriations (which were the subject of an unsuccessful court case brought by Liechtenstein in the German courts and the International Court of Justice) included over 1,600 km² [citation needed] (which is ten times the size of Liechtenstein) of agricultural and forest land mostly in Moravia, also including several family castles and palaces. An offer from the Czech Republic to return the palaces and castles (without the surrounding land) was rejected by Liechtenstein.[3]

Liechtenstein recognised and established diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic on 13 July 2009[4][5][6] and with Slovakia on 9 December 2009.[7] Liechtenstein's ruling prince, Hans-Adam II, has announced that the principality will take no further legal action to recover the appropriated assets.[3]

In February 2020, the Czech Constitutional court in Brno rejected a case made by Liechtenstein to get the Czech government to change their classification of the Liechtenstein dynasty as German under the Beneš Decrees.[8] On 19 August 2020, an inter-state application under the European Convention on Human Rights was made by Liechtenstein to the European Court of Human Rights against the Czech Republic.[9]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Liechtenstein maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1   Switzerland March 1919[10]
2  Austria 24 May 1919[11]
3  China 14 September 1950[12]
—  Holy See 28 August 1985[13]
4  Estonia 4 September 1991[14]
5  Spain 29 November 1991[15]
6  Azerbaijan 21 January 1992[16]
7  Slovenia 31 January 1992[17]
8  Germany January 1992[18]
9  Israel January 1992[19]
10  Croatia 4 February 1992[20]
11  Portugal 6 February 1992[21]
12  Ukraine 6 February 1992[22]
13  Belarus 10 February 1992[23]
14  Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 May 1992[24]
15  United Kingdom May 1992[25]
16  Georgia 10 June 1992[26]
17  Poland 25 June 1992[27]
18  Finland 26 June 1992[28]
19  France 27 August 1992[29]
20  Turkey 2 October 1992[30]
21  Denmark 1992[31]
22  Iceland 1992[32]
23  South Korea 2 March 1993[33]
24  Albania 23 April 1993[34]
25  Brazil 29 April 1993[35]
26  Hungary 18 September 1993[36]
27  North Macedonia 31 December 1993[37]
28  Belgium 1993[38]
29  India 1993[39]
30  Norway 1993[40]
31  South Africa 1993[41]
32  Russia 30 January 1994[42]
33  Bulgaria 26 April 1994[43]
34  Mexico 1 July 1994[44]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1994[45]
35  Andorra 1 September 1995[46]
36  Philippines 24 November 1995[47]
37  Italy 11 December 1995[48]
38  Monaco 16 February 1996[49]
39  Canada 12 March 1996[50]
40  Japan June 1996[51]
41  Peru 5 July 1996[52]
42  Latvia 3 December 1996[53]
43  United States 10 February 1997[54]
44  Cuba 11 June 1997[55]
45  Thailand 14 August 1997[56]
46  Romania 12 December 1997[57]
47  Australia 1997[58]
48  Mongolia 18 March 1998[59]
49  Iran 14 August 1998[60]
50  Indonesia 12 November 1998[61]
51  Kyrgyzstan 16 September 1999[62]
52  Uruguay 30 September 1999[63]
53  Costa Rica 12 January 2000[64]
54  Lebanon 9 June 2000[63]
55  Greece 4 October 2000[63]
56  Netherlands 6 November 2000[63]
57  Luxembourg 6 November 2000[63]
58  Lithuania 27 March 2001[65]
59  Moldova 14 August 2001[66]
60  Colombia 24 October 2001[67]
61  Sweden 24 October 2001[63]
62  Ireland 24 October 2001[63]
63  Cyprus 3 April 2002[63]
64  North Korea 2 May 2002[68]
65  Argentina 14 August 2002[63]
66  Serbia 4 April 2003[69]
67  Malta 12 May 2003[70]
68  Morocco 14 August 2003[71]
69  Pakistan 14 August 2003[71]
70  Ecuador 3 October 2003[71]
71  Laos 8 January 2004[72]
72  Malaysia July 2004[73]
74  Chile 16 April 2004[71]
75  Venezuela 13 August 2004[71]
76  Bahrain 1 April 2005[74]
77  Egypt 17 October 2005[71]
78  Algeria 21 October 2005[75]
79  Kazakhstan 31 January 2007[76]
80  Montenegro 26 March 2007[77]
81  Paraguay 2007[78]
82  Saudi Arabia 2007[79]
83  Tajikistan 28 January 2008[80]
84  Armenia 7 May 2008[81]
85  Kuwait 16 June 2008[82]
86  Vietnam 2 July 2008[83]
87  Niger 17 December 2008[84]
88  United Arab Emirates 22 October 2009[85]
89  Czech Republic 8 September 2009[86]
90  Slovakia 9 December 2009[87]
91  Singapore 19 April 2010[85]
92  Saint Kitts and Nevis 2010[88]
93  Maldives 21 January 2011[89]
94  Cambodia 8 June 2011[90]
95  San Marino 21 October 2011[91]
96  Brunei 15 November 2011[92]
97  Nigeria 2011[93]
98  Panama 3 January 2012[94]
99  Tuvalu 1 June 2012[95]
—  Kosovo 28 June 2012[96]
100  Solomon Islands 2012[97]
101  Nicaragua 23 February 2013[98]
102  New Zealand 2013[99]
103  Qatar 2013[99]
104  Trinidad and Tobago 31 January 2014[85]
105  Ivory Coast 14 March 2014[85]
106  Fiji 30 July 2014[85]
107  Guinea 11 December 2015[100][101]
108  Guatemala 22 December 2015[102]
109  El Salvador 2015[100]
110  Rwanda 10 November 2016[103][104]
111  Sudan 2016[103]
112  Mauritius 12 May 2017[85]
113  Tunisia 12 May 2017[104]
114    Nepal 24 November 2017[85]
115  Antigua and Barbuda 25 September 2018[85]
116  Afghanistan 26 October 2018[105]
117  Benin 2018[106]
118  Equatorial Guinea 2018[106]
119  Chad 26 June 2019[107]
120  Marshall Islands 24 September 2019[108]
121  Dominican Republic 26 September 2019[109]
122  Ghana 19 December 2019[85]
123  Sri Lanka 5 March 2021[85]
124  Angola 23 June 2021[110][107]
125  Namibia 22 September 2021[110][111]
126  Bolivia 17 November 2021[112]
127  Senegal 2021[110]
128  Kenya 29 April 2022[107]
129  Jamaica 18 September 2023[85]
130  Saint Lucia 20 September 2023[85]
131  Oman 4 March 2024[113]
132  Uzbekistan 5 March 2024[114]
133  Turkmenistan 1 November 2024[85]
134  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal relations began on Notes
 Mexico 1 July 1994[115]
Honorary Consulate of Mexico in Liechtenstein
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.
  • On 13 December 2023, Liechtenstein foreign minister Dominique Hasler met her Mexican counterpart Alicia Bárcena Ibarra in the first official Liechtenstein visit to Mexico.[116]
 United States 10 February 1997[117] See Liechtenstein–United States relations
  • Liechtenstein has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern, Switzerland.

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal relations began on Notes
 Hong Kong See Hong Kong–Liechtenstein relations
  • Signed a tax treaty in 2010.[118]
  • Have a free trade agreement.[119]
 India 1993[120] See India–Liechtenstein relations
 Japan June 1996[51] See Japan–Liechtenstein relations
  • Japan has an honorary consulate in Schaan.
  • The two countries signed a tax treaty in 2012.[121]
 Turkey 2 October 1992[122]
  • Turkey established diplomatic relations with Liechtenstein only in 1992 because Switzerland[123] had taken responsibility for Liechtenstein's foreign relations until early 1990s.[124]
  • Turkey is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.[125][126]

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal relations began on Notes
 France 27 August 1992[29] See France–Liechtenstein relations
  • The two countries signed a tax information exchange agreement.[127]
 Germany 14 January 1992 See Germany–Liechtenstein relations
  • Germany is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.
  • Liechtenstein has an embassy in Berlin.
 Russia 30 January 1994[128] See Liechtenstein–Russia relations
  Switzerland 13 August 1919 See Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations
 Ukraine 6 February 1992[22] See Liechtenstein–Ukraine relations
  • The two countries have a free trade agreement.[131]
 United Kingdom May 1992[25] See Liechtenstein–United Kingdom relations
  • The two countries have a free trade agreement.[132]

Membership in international organizations

[edit]
See also: Liechtenstein and the United Nations

Liechtenstein is a member of the following international organizations:

Liechtenstein was never a member of the League of Nations. Its application to join that international organisation was refused in 1920 due to its small size.[133] While included in the Schengen Area, Liechtenstein is not a member of the European Union.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jorri Duursma, "Microstates: The Principality of Liechtenstein" in Christin Ingebritsen et al. (2006). Small States in International Relations. (University of Washington Press, Seattle) p. 89 at p. 124.
  2. ^ "Diplomatic and consular representations in Liechtenstein". National Administration of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  3. ^ a b Adam, Georgina (23 June 2010). "Czech-Liechtenstein cultural détente". The Art Newspaper.
  4. ^ "Liechtenstein and the Czech Republic establish diplomatic relations" (PDF). Government Spokesperson’s Office, the Principality of Liechtenstein. 13 July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  5. ^ "Navázání diplomatických styků České republiky s Knížectvím Lichtenštejnsko" (in Czech). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  6. ^ "MINA Breaking News - Decades later, Liechtenstein and Czechs establish diplomatic ties". Archived from the original on 21 November 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  7. ^ "Liechtenstein and the Slovak Republic establish diplomatic relations" (PDF). Government Spokesperson’s Office, the Principality of Liechtenstein. 9 December 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
  8. ^ Ugwu, Veronica (26 August 2020). "Liechtenstein Takes Czech Republic to Court Over Historic Property Claims". Brno Daily. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  9. ^ "European Court of Human Rights list of Inter-State Applications" (PDF). European Court of Human Rights. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  10. ^ Skřivan, Aleš; Suppan, Arnold (2008). Prague Papers on History of International Relations: 2008 (in German). Institute of World History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Prague. p. 265.
  11. ^ Raton, Pierre (1970). Liechtenstein: History and Institutions of the Principality. p. 67.
  12. ^ China's Foreign Affairs. World Affairs Press. 2014. p. 534.
  13. ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  14. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  15. ^ "Real Decreto 1704/1991, de 29 de noviembre, por el que se designa Embajador de España en el Principado de Liechtenstein a don Joaquín Martínez-Correcher y Gil" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 2 December 1991. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  16. ^ "Foreign policy - bilateral relations". Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF).
  18. ^ "Bilaterale Beziehungen Deutschland - Liechtenstein" (in German). Archived from the original on 31 August 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  19. ^ "Israel International Relations: Diplomatic Missions Abroad (Updated May 2016)". Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  21. ^ "Liechtenstein - Titulares" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  22. ^ a b "European countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  23. ^ "Лихтенштейн сегодня отмечает День рождения Князя". Belta.by. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  24. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  25. ^ a b The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1997. p. 127.
  26. ^ "Liechtenstein". Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  27. ^ Szczepanik, Krzysztof; Herman-Łukasik, Anna; Janicka Wydawn, Anna (2007). Stosunki dyplomatyczne Polski: Europa 1918-2006 (in Polish). Askon. p. 218.
  28. ^ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  29. ^ a b "Décret du 27 août 1992 portant nomination d'un ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la République française auprès de la Principauté de Liechtenstein, en résidence à Berne" (in French). Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  30. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein". Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  31. ^ Kraks blå bog (in Danish). 2004. p. 563.
  32. ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  33. ^ "Liechtenstein". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  34. ^ "Ceremoni festive me rastin e 25 vjetorit të anëtarësimit të Prinicipatës së Lihtenshteinit në OKB" (in Albanian). Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  35. ^ "DECRETO DE 29 DE ABRIL DE 1993. Fica criada a Embaixada do Brasil em Vaduz, Principado de Liechtenstein". planalto.gov.br (in Portuguese).
  36. ^ "A magyar-liechtensteini diplomáciai kapcsolatok 25. évfordulója" (in Hungarian). 2018. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  37. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  38. ^ "Lebenslauf" (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  39. ^ "India-The Principality of Liechtenstein Relations" (PDF). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  40. ^ Norges statskalender (in Norwegian). 1993. p. 600.
  41. ^ "MINISTER'S BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE TO THE FORMER STATE PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA" (PDF). May 2008. p. 4. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  42. ^ "Prince Alois of Liechtenstein comments on the Russian invasion of Ukraine". 28 February 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  43. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  44. ^ "México y Liechtenstein celebran XV aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). 17 July 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  45. ^ "THE FOREIGN MINISTER OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN'S VISIT FOCUSED ON HUMANITARIAN CHALLENGES TODAY". 15 October 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  46. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  47. ^ "PHILIPPINES-LIECHTENSTEIN RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  48. ^ "Stati di servizio del personale della carriera diplomatica e della dirigenza del ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale che ha cessato di far parte dell'amministrazione dal 1° Gennaio 2000 al 5 Luglio 2016" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 94. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  49. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  50. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  51. ^ a b "Japan-Liechtenstein Relations". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  52. ^ "ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS ENTRE LA REPÚBLICA DEL PERÚ Y EL PRINCIPADO DE LIECHTENSTEIN" (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  53. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 17 February 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  54. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Liechtenstein". Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  55. ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  56. ^ "ราชรัฐลิกเตนสไตน์" (in Thai). Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  57. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  58. ^ "Liechtenstein". July 2001. Archived from the original on 17 April 2002. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  59. ^ "LIST OF COUNTRIES MAINTAINING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH MONGOLIA" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  60. ^ "پادشاه لیختن اشتاین ایران را عامل ثبات در منطقه خاورمیانه دانست" (in Persian). 18 August 1998. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  61. ^ "Principality of Liechtenstein". Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  62. ^ "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i Liechtenstein Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments. IPS inc. 2017. pp. 111–116.
  64. ^ "Relación de Costa Rica con Liechtenstein" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  65. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  66. ^ "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  67. ^ "Non-Member Countries of the European Union". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  68. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). p. 7. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  69. ^ "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  70. ^ "Document" (PDF). 12 May 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  71. ^ a b c d e f "Diplomatische vertretungen beim Fürstentum Liechtenstein" (PDF) (in German). 14 December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  72. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  73. ^ "SENARAI TARIKH PENUBUHAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK MALAYSIA DAN NEGARA - NEGARA LUAR" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  74. ^ "Bilateral relations - Bahrain". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  75. ^ "Relations bilatérales Algérie-Principauté du Liechtenstein". Ambassade d'Algerie a Berne (in French).
  76. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  77. ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  78. ^ "5.3.9 In Liechtenstein akkreditierte diplomatische Vertretungen von Drittstaaten" (in German). Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  79. ^ "Äusseres" (PDF) (in German). p. 30. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  80. ^ "Tajikistan diplomacy: The past and the present I" (PDF). p. 166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  81. ^ "Bilateral relations - Armenia". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  82. ^ "Kuwait establishes diplomatic relations with Liechtenstein". 17 June 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  83. ^ "Congratulations on National Day of Liechtenstein". 15 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  84. ^ "Diplomatic Missions to the Principality of Liechtenstein". 1 July 2013. p. 20. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Diplomatic relations between Liechtenstein and ..." Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  86. ^ "Liechtenstein, Czech Republic establish relations after long property dispute". 9 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  87. ^ "Liechtenstein and the Slovak Republic establish diplomatic relations. MFA Liechtenstein" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011.
  88. ^ "ÄUSSERES - Liechtensteinische Landesverwaltung" (PDF) (in German). p. 71. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  89. ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 6 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  90. ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  91. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  92. ^ "A pretty petite principality". Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  93. ^ "Envoy presents Letter of credence to Liechtenstein". 21 May 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  94. ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  95. ^ "Europe". Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  96. ^ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  97. ^ "RESSORTBERICHT" (PDF) (in German). p. 83. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  98. ^ "Nicaragua y Principado de Liechtenstein establecen relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). 23 February 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  99. ^ a b "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2013" (PDF) (in German). p. 11. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  100. ^ a b "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2015" (PDF) (in German). p. 120.
  101. ^ "Diplomatic Missions to the Principality of Liechtenstein" (PDF). 23 January 2017. p. 11. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  102. ^ "Listado de paises con relaciones diplomatica". minex.gob.gt (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  103. ^ a b "ÄUSSERES, BILDUNG UND KULTUR" (PDF) (in German). p. 129. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  104. ^ a b "Diplomatische Vertretungen beim Fürstentum Liechtenstein" (PDF) (in German). 30 October 2019. p. 32.
  105. ^ "H.E. Ambassador Khojesta Fana Ebrahimkhel Presents Credentials to H.S.H. Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein". 26 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  106. ^ a b "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2018" (PDF) (in German). p. 122. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  107. ^ a b c "Diplomatic Missions to the Principality of Liechtenstein" (PDF). 29 April 2022. p. 16. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  108. ^ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  109. ^ "Comunicado conjunto para el establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre la Republica Dominicana y el Principado de Liechtenstein" (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  110. ^ a b c "ÄUSSERES, BILDUNG UND SPORT" (PDF) (in German). 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  111. ^ "Namibia and Liechtenstein today signed instruments formally establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries". 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  112. ^ "Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia y el Principado de Liechtenstein" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  113. ^ "Switzerland: Ambassador presents credentials in Liechtenstein". Foreign Ministry of Oman. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  114. ^ "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with Liechtenstein". kun.uz. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  115. ^ "México y Liechtenstein celebran XV aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas".
  116. ^ "Dominique Hasler erstmals zu Besuch in Mexiko". Liechtensteiner Vaterland (in German). 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  117. ^ "History of Diplomatic Relations".
  118. ^ Double Taxation Relief and Exchange of Information Arrangements > All Agreement (on country / territory basis) > Liechtenstein, Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, retrieved on 16 October 2017
  119. ^ Hong Kong signs free-trade pact with European states Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Economic & Trade Office New York, May-June 2011, retrieved on 16 October 2017
  120. ^ "7th Sep 2018, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India & Principality of Liechtenstein".
  121. ^ "Signing of the Tax Information Exchange Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  122. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein (MFA of Turkey)".
  123. ^ Sully, Melanie A. A Contemporary History of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. London: Routledge, 1990.
  124. ^ Weidenholzer, Josef. Der liechtensteinische Weg: Einsichten und Aussichten. Vienna: Zimmermann und Karrer, 1999.
  125. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Turkey.
  126. ^ "Consular Missions to the Principality of Liechtenstein" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Education and Sport of Principality of Liechtenstein.
  127. ^ "France and Liechtenstein". France Diplomacy. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  128. ^ "Prince Alois of Liechtenstein comments on the Russian invasion of Ukraine". 28 February 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  129. ^ Marxer, Roland (31 December 2011). "Zollanschlussvertrag". Historisches Lexikon (in German). Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  130. ^ "Switzerland and Liechtenstein: December 2000". World Trade Organization. 6 December 2000. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  131. ^ "European countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  132. ^ "EEA EFTA States sign a free trade agreement with the UK". EFTA. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  133. ^ Participation of the Former Yugoslav States in the UN and multilateral Treaties Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Liechtenstein&oldid=1256322936"