Flora of Madhya Pradesh

View of mixed forests at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh

The flora of Madhya Pradesh province in India, is very rich and diverse. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are forested, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types and flora of the state. There are four important forest types: tropical moist, tropical dry, tropical thorn, and subtropical broadleaved hill forests. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely teak forest, sal forest and miscellaneous Forests. Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. Following is the list of trees and plants found in Madhya Pradesh:

large trees

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name (Devanagari)	Family	Photo
1.	Acacia arabica, Willd.	Babul (बबूल)	Leguminosae
2.	Acacia catechu, Willd.	Khair (खैर)	Leguminosae
3.	Acacia ferruginea, Dc.	Safed Khair (सफ़ेद खैर)	Leguminosae
4.	Acacia leucophloea, Willd.	Reunja (रेउन्जा)	Leguminosae
5.	Adina cordifolia, Hook. f.	Haldu (हल्दू)	Rubiaceae
6.	Aegle marmelos, Correa.	Bel (बेल)	Rutaceae
7.	Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb.	Maharukh (महारुख)	Simarubaceae
8.	Albizzia lebbek, Benth.	Kala-siris (काला-सिरिस)	Leguminosae
9.	Albizzia odoratissima, Benth.	Chichwa (चिचवा)	Leguminosae
10.	Albizzia procera, Benth.	Safed-siris (सफ़ेद-सिरिस)	Leguminosae
11.	Anogeissus latifolia, Wall.	Dhaora (धावड़ा)	Combretaceae
12.	Anogeissus pendula, Edgew,	Kardhai (करधई)	Combretaceae
13.	Azadirachta indica, A. Juss.	Neem (नीम)	Meliaceae
14.	Bassia latifolia, Roxb.	Mahua (महुआ)	Sapotaceae
15.	Bombax malabaricum, DC.	Semal (सेमल)	Malvaceae
16.	Boswellia serrata, Roxb.	Salai (सलई)	Burseraceae
17.	Bridelia retusa, Spreng.	Kasai (कसई)	Euphorbiaceae
18.	Butea monosperma, (Lam.) Taub.	Palas (पलास)	Leguminosae
19.	Careya arborea, Roxb.	Kumbhi (कुंभी)	Myrtaceae
20.	Cedrela toona, Roxb.	Toon (तून)	Meliaceae
21.	Chloroxylon swietenia, D.C.	Bhirra (भिर्रा)	Meliaceae
22.	Cleistanthus collinus, Benth.	Garari (गरारी)	Euphorbiaceae	Garari at fruiting
23.	Cordia myxa, Linn.	Lasora (लसोडा)	Boraginaceae
24.	Dalbergia latifolia, Roxb.	Shisham (शीशम)	Leguminosae
25.	Dalbergia paniculata, Roxb.	Dhobin (धोबिन)	Leguminosae
26.	Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb.	Sissoo (सिस्सू)	Leguminosae
27.	Dillenia pentagyna, Roxb.	Kalla (कल्ला)	Dilleniaceae
28.	Diospyros melanoxylon, Roxb.	Tendu (तेंदू)	Ebenaceae
29.	Diospyros montana, Roxb.	Bistendu (बिसतेंदु)	Ebenaceae
30.	Diospyros cordifolia, Roxb.	Bhaktendu (भाकतेंदू)	Ebenaceae
31.	Erythrina suberosa, Roxb.	Pangra (पांगरा)	Leguminosae
32.	Eugenia jambolana, Lamk.	Jamun (जामुन)	Myrtaceae
33.	Feronia elephantum, Correa.	Kaith (कैथ)	Rutaceae
34.	Ficus bengalensis, Linn.	Bar (बड)	Moraceae
35.	Ficus glomerata, Roxb.	Gular (गुलर)	Moraceae
36.	Ficus infectoria, Roxb.	Pakar (पाकर)	Moraceae
37.	Ficus religiosa, Linn.	Pipal (पीपल)	Moraceae
38.	Garuga pinnata, Roxb.	Kekad (केकड़)	Burseraceae
39.	Gmelina arborea, Roxb.	Gamari (गमारी)	Verbenaceae
40.	Grewia tiliaefolia, VahI.	Dhaman (धामन)	Tiliaceae
41.	Hardwickia binata, Roxb.	Anjan (अंजन)	Leguminosae
42.	Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch.	Chirol (चिरोल)	Ulmaceae
43.	Hymenodictyon excelsum, Wall.	Bhonrsal (भोंरसाल)	Rubiaceae
44.	Kydia calycina, Roxb.	Pula (पूला)	Malvaceae
45.	Lagerstroemia parviflora, Roxb.	Seja (सेजा)	Lythraceae
46.	Mangifera indica, Linn.	Am (आम)	Anacardiaceae
47.	Miliusa velutina, Hook. f. &	(डोमसाल)	Annonaceae
48.	Odina wodier, Roxb.	Jhingan (झिंगन)	Anacardiaceae
49.	Ougeinia dalbcrgioides, Benth.	Tinsa (तिनसा)	Leguminosae
50.	Phyllanthus emblica, Linn.	Aonla ( आंवला)	Euphorbiaceae
51.	Pongamia. Venl.	Karanj (करंज)	Leguminosae
52.	Prosopis cineraria, Linn.	Chenkur (चेंकुर)	Leguminosae
53.	Prosopis juliflora, DC,	Khejra (खेजड़ा)	Leguminosae
54.	Pterocarpus marsupium, Roxb.	Bijasal (बीजासाल)	Leguminosae
55.	Saccopetalum tomentosum, H F. & Thoms.	Kari (कारी)	Annonaceae
56.	Santalum album, Linn.	Chandan (चन्दन)	Santalaceae
57.	Sapilldus laurifolius, VahI.	Ritha (रीठा)	Sapindaceae
58.	Schleichera trijuga, WiIld.	Kusum (कुसुम)	Sapindaceae
59.	Schrebera swietenioides, Roxb.	Mokha (मोखा)	Oleaceae
60.	Shorea robusta, Gaertn.	Sal (साल)	Dipterocarpaceae
61.	Soymida febrifuga, A. Juss.	Rohan (रोहण)	Meliaceae
62.	Spondias mangifera, Willd.	Amra (आमरा)	Anacardiaceae
63.	Stephegyne parvifolia, Korth.	Kaim (कैम)	Rubiaceae
64.	Sterculia urens, Roxb.	Kulu (कुलू)	Sterculiaceae
65.	Stereospermum chelenoides, DC	Padari (पाडरी)	Bignoniaceae
66.	Stereospermum suaveolens, DC.	Padar (पाडर)	Bignoniaceae	padarii
67.	Stereospermum xylocarpum, Benth Wight.	Son-Padar (सोन-पाडर)	Bignoniaceae
68.	Tamarindus indica, Linn.	Imli (इमली)	Leguminosae
69.	Tectona grandis, Linn.	Sagon (सागोन)	Verbenaceae
70.	Terminalia arjuna, Bedd.	Arjun (अर्जुन)	Combretaceae
71.	Terminalia belerica, Roxb.	Bahera (बहेड़ा)	Combretaceae
72.	Terminalia chebula, Retz.	Harra (हर्रा)	Combretaceae
73.	Terminalia tomentosa, W&A.	Saj (साज)	Combretaceae

Small trees

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name (devanagari)	Family	Photo
74.	Balanites roxburghii, Plan.	Hingot (हिंगोट)	Zygophyuaceae
75.	Bauhinia malabarica, Roxb.	Amta (आमटा)	Leguminosae
76.	Bauhinia purpurea, Linn.	Keolar (केवलार)	Leguminosae
77.	Bauhinia racemosa, Lamk.	Asta (आष्टा)	Leguminosae
78.	Bauhinia retusa, Roxb.	Sehra (सेहरा)	Leguminosae
79.	Bauhinia variegata, Linn.	Kachnar (कचनार)	Leguminosae
80.	Buchanania cochinchinensis, Roxh.	Achar (अचार)	Anacardiaceae
81.	Casearia graveolens, Dalz.	Gilchi (गिलची)	Samydaceae
82.	Casearia tomentosa, Roxh.	Tondri (टोंडरी)	Samydaceae
83.	Cassia fistula, Linn.	Amaltas (अमलतास)	Leguminosae
84.	Cochlospermum gossypium, DC.	Galgal (गलगल)	Bixaceae
85.	Crateava religiosa, Forst.	Barna (बरना)	Capparidaceae
86.	Dichrostachys cinerea, W. & A.	Velati (वेलाटी)	Leguminosae
87.	Dolichandrone falkata, Seem.	Medhsingh (मेढ़सिंघ)		Bignoniaceae
88.	Elaeodendron glancnnl. Pers.	Jamrasi (जमरासी)	Celastraceae
89.	Ehretia laevis, Roxb.	Datranga (दतरंगा)	Boraginaceae
90.	Euphorbia nivulia, Ham.	Sehund (सेहुंड)	Euphorbiaceae
91.	Euphorbia tiruculli, Linn.	Niwarang (निवरंग)	Euphorbiaceae
92.	Flacourtia indica, (Burm.f.) Merr.	Kakai (ककई)	Salicaceae
93.	Gardenia latifolia, Ait.	Papra (पापडा)	Rubiaceae
94.	Gardenia lucida, Ruxb.	Dikamali (डिकामाली)	Rubiaceae
95.	Gardenia turgida, Roxb.	Phetra (फेटरा)	Rubiaceae
96.	Ixora parviflora, Vahl.	Lokhandi (लोखंडी)	Rubiaceae
97.	Limonia acidissima, Linn.	Bilsena (बिलसेना)	Rutaceae
98.	Litsaea sebifera, Pers.	Maidalakri (मैदालकड़ी)	Lauraceae
99.	Mallotus philippinensis, Muell.	Roli (रोली)	Euphorbiaceae
100.	Mimusops hexandra, (Roxb.),	Khirni (खिरनी)	Sapotaceae
101.	Morinda tinctoria, Roxb.	Aal (आल)	Rubiaceae
102.	Murraya exotica, Linn.	Madhukamini (मधुकामिनी)	Rutaceae
103.	Murraya koenigii, Spreg.	Mithinim (मीठीनीम)	Rutaceae
104.	Randia dumetorum, Lamk.	Mainphal (मैनफल)	Rubiaceae
105.	Randia uliginosa, DC.	Katul (काटुल)	Rubiaceae
105A.	Salvadora oleoides, Dcne.	Pilu (पिलू)	Salvadoraceae
106.	Semecarpus anacardium, Linn.	Bhilma (भिलमा)	Anacardiaceae
107.	Streblus asper. Linn.	Majni (मजनी)	Moraceae
108.	Strychnos potatorum, Linn.	Nirmali (निर्मली)	Loganiaceae
109.	Vitex peduncularis, Wall.	Morpai (मोरपाई)	Verbenaceae
110.	Wendlandia exserta, DC.	Tilwan (तिलवन)	Rubiaceae
111.	Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br.	Dudhi (दुधी)	Apocynaceae
112.	Wrightia tomentosa, R & S.	Kalidudhi (कालीदुधी)	Apocynaceae
113.	Ziziphus jujuba, Lamk.	Ber (बेर)	Rhamnaceae
114.	Ziziphus xylopyra. Willd.	Ghont (घोंट)	Rhamnaceae

Shrubs and undershrubs

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name (devanagari)	Family
115.	Achyranthes aspera, L.	Apamarg (अपामार्ग)	Amarantaceae
116.	Adhatoda vasica, Neer.	Adusa (अडूसा)	Acanthaceae
117.	Alangium salviifolium, Thwaites.	Akol (अकोल)	Cornaceae
118.	Anona squamosa, L.	Sitaphal (सीताफल)	Annonaceae
119.	Antidesma diandrum, Roth.	Khatua (खटुआ)	Euphorbiaceae
120.	Antidesma ghaesembilla, Gaertn.	Jondharli (जोंधरली)	Euphorbiaceae
121.	Argemone mexicana, L.	Siarkanta (सियारकाँटा)	Berberidaceae
122.	Calotropis gigantea, R.Br.	Aak (आक)	Asclepiadaceae
123.	Capparis aphylla, Roth.	Karil (करील)	Capparidaceae
124.	Capparis horrida, L.	Ulatkanta (उलटकाँटा)	Capparidaceae
125.	Carissa spinarum, A.DC.	Karonda (करोंदा)	Apocynaceae
126.	Cassia auriculata, L.	Tarwar (तरवर)	Leguminosae
127.	Cassia tora, L.	Panwar (पंवार)	Leguminosae
128.	Clerodendron infortunatum, Gaertn.	Bhant (भांट)	Verbenaceae
128A.	Clerodendron phlomidis, L.	Inni (इन्नी)	Verbenaceae
129.	Colebrookea oppositifolia, Smith.	Kalabansa (कालाबांसा)	Labiatae
130.	Desmodium pulchellum, Benth.	Chipti (चिपटी)	Leguminosae
131.	Dodonoea visocosa, L.	Kharenta (खरेंटा)	Sapindaceae
132	Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, (Roem. & Schult.) A.DC.	Baibirang (बायबिरंग)	Myrsinaceae
133.	Eriolaena hookariana, Wight & Arn.	Bhoti (भोटी)	Sterculiaceae
134.	Eugenia heyneana. Wall.	Kath Jamun (कठजामुन)	Myrtaceae
135.	Euphorbia neriifolia, L.	Thuar (थूअर)	Euphorbiaceae
136.	Gymnosporia montana, (Roth) Benth.	Baikal (बेकल)	Celastraceae
137.	Grewia hirsuta, Vahl.	Gursakri (गुड़सकरी)	Tiliaceae
138.	Helicteres isora, L.	Marorphali (मरोड़फली)	Sterculiaceae
139.	Holarrhena antidysenterica, Wall.	Kurchi (कुरची)	Apocynaceae
140.	Hygrophila spinosa, T.A.	Talmakhana (तालमखाना)	Acanthaceae
141.	Indigofera pulchella, Roxb.	Neel (नील)	Leguminosae
142.	Lantana camara, L.	Raimunia (रायमुनिया)	Verbenaceae
143.	Leea macrophylla, Roxb.	Hathikand (हाथीकंद)	Vitaceae
144.	Nyctanthes arbortristis, L.	Harsingar (हारसिंगार)	Verbenaceae
145.	Opuntia dillenii, Hair.	Nagphani (नागफनी)	Cactaceae
146.	Petalidium barlerioides, Nees.	Indrajata (इन्द्रजटा)	Acanthaceae
147.	Pogostemon plectranthoides, Desf.	Kora (कोरा)	Labiatae
148.	Salix tetrasperma, Roxb.	Bainsa (बैंसा)	Salicaceae
149.	Strobilanthes callosus, Nees.	Maruadona (मरुआदोना)	Acanthaceae
150.	Tamarix dioica, Roxb.	Jhau (झाऊ)	Tamaricaceae
151.	Tribulus terrestris, L.	Gokhuru (गोखरू)	Zygophyllaceae
152.	Waltheria indica, L.	Halduli (हलदुली)	Sterculiaceae
153.	Woodfordia floribunda, Salist.	Dhawai (धवई)	Lythraceae
154.	Ziziphus rugosa, Lamk.	Churna (चूरना)	Rhamnaceae
155.	Ziziphus rotundifolia, Lamk.	Jharberi (झरबेरी)	Rhamnaceae

Climbers

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name	Family
156.	Abrus precatorius, Linn.	Gunja (गुंजा)	Leguminosae
157.	Acacia caesia, W. & A.	Gurar (गुरार)	Leguminosae
158.	Acacia pennata, Willd.	Raoni (रोनी)	Leguminosae
159.	Bauhinia vahlii, W. & A.	Mahul (माहुल)	Leguminosae
160.	Butea superba, Roxb.	Palasbel (पलासबेल)	Leguminosae
161.	Caesalpinia bonducella, Flem.	Sagargoti (सागरगोटी)	Leguminosae
162.	Calycopteris floribunda, Lamk.	Kukaranj (कुकरांज)	Combretaceae
163.	Celastrus paniculata, Willd.	Malkangni (मालकांगनी)	Celastraceae
164.	Combretum decandrum, Roxb.	Pivarbel (पिवरबेल)	Combretaceae
165.	Combretum ovalifolium, Roxb.	Hathisandan (हाथीसान्दन)	Combretaceae
166.	Cryptolepis buchanani, R. & S.	Nagbel (नागबेल)	Asclepiadaceae
167.	Cuscuta reflexa, Roxb.	Amarbel (अमरबेल)	Convolvulaceae
168.	Derris scandens, Benth.	Tupbel (तुपबेल)	Leguminosae
169.	Dioscorea dremona, Roxb.	Baichandi (बैचांदी)	Dioscoreaceae
170.	Gloriosa superba, Linn.	Agnishikha (अग्निशिखा)	Liliaceae
171.	Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br.	Gudmar (गुडमार)	Asclepiadaceae
172.	Ichnocarpus frutescens, Br.	Dhimarbel (ढीमर बेल)	Apocynaceae
173.	Marsdenia tenacissima, W. &A.	Chikti (चिकटी)	Asclepiadaceae
174.	MIillettia auriculata, Baker.	Gauj (गौज)	Leguminosae.
175.	Mucuna pruriens, DC.	Kewanch (केवांच)	Leguminosae
176.	Smilax macrophylla, Roxb.	Ramdaton (रामदतोन)	Liliaceae
177.	Spatholobus roxburghii, Benth.	Nasbel (नसबेल)	Leguminosae
178.	Tinospora cordifolia, Miers.	Giloy (गिलोय)	Menispermaceae
179.	Vallaris heyner, Spreng.	Dudhbel (दूधबेल)	Apocynaceae
180.	Ventilago calyculata, Tul.	Keoti (केवटी)	Rhamnaceae
181.	Ziziphus oenoplia, Mill.	Makor (मकोर)	Rhamnaceae

Grasses

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name (devanagari)	Family
182.	Apluda varia, Hack	Phuli (फुली)	Gramineae
183.	Chionachne koenigii, Thw.	Karpia (कर्पिया)	Gramineae
184.	Chrysopgon montanus, Trin	Chikua (चिकुआ)	Gramineae
185.	Coix gigantea, Kon.	Garru (गर्रू)	Gramineae
186.	Cymbopogon martini, Wats.	Rusa (रूसा)	Gramineae
187.	Cynodon dactylon, Pers.	Doob (दूब)	Gramineae
188.	Desmostachya bipinnata, Stapf.	Kush (कुश)	Gramineae
189.	Dichanthuium annulatum, Stapf.	Marwel (मारवेल)	Gramineae
190.	Echinochloa colona, Link.	Sama (समा)	Gramineae
191.	Eragrostis tenella, Link.	Bhurbhusi (भुरभुसी)	Gramineae
192.	Eulaliopsis binata, C. E. Hubb.	Sabai (सबई)	Gramineae
193.	Heteropogon contortus, Beauv.	Kusul (कुसल)	Gramineae
194.	Imperata cylindrica, P. Beauv.	Chhir (छीर)	Gramineae
195.	Ischaemum pilosum, Hack.	Kunda (कुंदा)	Gramineae
196.	Pennisetum hohenackeri, Hochst.	Moya (मोया)	Gramineae
197.	Phragmites karka, Trin.	Nal (नाल)	Gramineae
198.	Saccharum spontaneum, Linn.	Kans (कांस)	Gramineae
199.	Sehima sulcatum, A. Camus.	Paonia (पोनिया)	Gramineae
200.	Themeda quadrivalvis, O. Kuntz.	Gunher (गुन्हेर)	Gramineae
201.	Thysanolaena maxima, O. Kuntz.	Phulbuhari (फूलबुहारी)	Gramineae
202.	Tripidium bengalense, Retz.	Munj (मुंज)	Gramineae
203.	Vetiveria zizaniodes, Nash.	Khus (खस)	Gramineae

Other plants

S. No.	Botanical name	Local name (devanagari )	Family
204.	Bambusa arundinacea, Willd.	Kanta bans (कांटाबांस)	Gramineae
205.	Borassus flabellifer, L.	Tad (ताड़)	Palmae
206.	Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees.	Bans (बांस)	Gramineae
207.	Loranthus longiflorus, Desr.	Bandha (बंधा)	Loranthaceae
208.	Phoenix sylvestris. Roxb.	Khajur (खजूर)	Palmae

References

K.P.Sagreiya and Balwant Singh:Botanical and Standardised Hindi Names of Important and Common Forest Plants of Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior Government Regional Press, 1958.