Jump to content

1st Marine Division

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from First Marine Division)
For other uses, see 1st Marine Division (disambiguation).

1st Marine Division
Founded1 February 1941
Country United States
Branch United States Marine Corps
TypeGround combat element
SizeDivision (approximately 22,000)[1]
Part ofI Marine Expeditionary Force
Garrison/HQMarine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Nickname(s)The Old Breed
Blue Diamond
Motto(s)No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy
March"Waltzing Matilda"
Engagements
Commanders
CommanderMajGen Robert C. Fulford
Notable
commanders

The 1st Marine Division (1st MARDIV) is a Marine division of the United States Marine Corps headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. It is the ground combat element of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF).

It is the oldest and largest active duty division in the United States Marine Corps, representing a combat-ready force of 22,000 personnel. It is one of three active duty divisions in the Marine Corps today and is a multi-role, expeditionary ground combat force. It is nicknamed "The Old Breed".

Mission

[edit]

The division is employed as the ground combat element (GCE) of the I Marine Expeditionary Force or may provide task-organized forces for assault operations and such operations as may be directed. The 1st Marine Division must be able to provide the ground amphibious forcible entry capability to the naval expeditionary force (NEF) and to conduct subsequent land operations in any operational environment.[2]

Organization

[edit]

The 1st Marine Division currently comprises a headquarters battalion, four regiments and five separate battalions as follows:

1st Marine Division organization March 2024 (click to enlarge)

History

[edit]

Inter-War Years

[edit]

The lineal forebear of the 1st Marine Division is the 1st Advance Base Brigade, which was activated on 23 December 1913 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Subsequently, the brigade was redesignated on 1 April 1914, as the 1st Brigade, and on 16 September 1935, as the 1st Marine Brigade).[3] The brigade consisted of the Fixed Defense Regiment and the Mobile Defense Regiment, later designated as the 1st and 2nd Regiments, 1st Brigade, respectively. In 1916, while deployed in Haiti, the two regiments were again redesignated, exchanging numerals, to then become the 2nd and 1st Regiments, 1st Brigade. Between April 1914 and August 1934, elements of the 1st Brigade participated in operations in Mexico, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba, receiving campaign credit for service in each nation. While the 1st Brigade did not serve ashore in the European theater during the First World War, the brigade was awarded the World War I Victory Medal Streamer, with one bronze star, in recognition of the brigade's service during that conflict.[4] On 16 September 1935, the brigade was redesignated as the 1st Marine Brigade and deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in October 1940.

World War II

[edit]
A Marine of the 1st Marine Regiment on Guadalcanal.
a black and white image of two Marines in their combat uniforms. One Marine is providing cover fire with his M1 Thompson submachinegun as the other with a Browning Automatic Rifle, prepares to break cover to move to a different position. There are bare sticks and rocks on the ground.
Marines of 1st Marine Division fighting on Okinawa, 1945.

The 1st Marine Division was activated aboard the USS Texas on 1 February 1941.[5] In May 1941, the 1st MARDIV relocated to Quantico, Virginia and Parris Island, South Carolina and in April 1942, the division began deploying to Samoa and Wellington, New Zealand. The division's units were scattered over the Pacific with the support elements and the 1st Marine Regiment transported en route to New Zealand on three ships, the USATs Ericsson, Barnett and Elliott from Naval Reserve Air Base Oakland to New Zealand,[6] and later were landed on the island of Guadalcanal, part of the Solomon Islands, on 7 August 1942.

Initially, only the 7th Marine Regiment was in garrison on British Samoa,[7] with the 5th Marine Regiment having just encamped at Wellington, New Zealand after disembarking from USAT Wakefield, and the 1st Marine Regiment not scheduled to arrive in New Zealand until 11 July.[8] The 1st Raider Battalion was on New Caledonia, and the 3rd Defense Battalion was in Pearl Harbor. All of the division's units, with the 11th Marines (artillery) and 75mm howitzer armed 10th Marines battalion would rendezvous at Fiji.[8]

Due to the change in orders and shortage of attack and combat cargo vessels, all of the division's 2.5-ton trucks, M1918 155-mm howitzers[9] and the sound and flash-ranging equipment needed for counter-battery fire had to be left in Wellington. Also, because the Wellington dock workers were on strike at the time, the Marines had to do all the load reconfiguration from administrative to combat configuration.[10]

After 11 days of logistical challenges, the division, with 16,000 Marines, departed Wellington in eighty-nine ships embarked for the Solomon Islands with a 60-day combat load which did not include tents, spare clothing or bedrolls, office equipment, unit muster rolls, or pay clerks. Other things not yet available to this first wave of Marine deployments were insect repellent and mosquito netting.[11] Attached to the division was the 1st Parachute Battalion, which along with the rest of the division, conducted landing rehearsals from 28 to 30 July on Koro Island, which Major General Alexander Vandegrift described as a "disaster".[12]

On 31 July the entire Marine task force was placed under the command of Vice Admiral Frank J. Fletcher's Task Force 61. The division as a whole would fight in the Guadalcanal Campaign until relieved at 1400 on 9 December 1942 by the Army's Americal Division commanded by Lieutenant General Alexander Patch.[13][14] This operation won the division its first of three World War II Presidential Unit Citations (PUC). The battle would cost the division 650 killed in action, 1,278 wounded in action with a further 8,580 contracting malaria and 31 missing in action.[13] Others were awarded for the battles of Peleliu and Okinawa.[2]

Following the Guadalcanal Campaign, the division's Marines were sent to Melbourne, Australia for rest and refit.[15] It was during this time that the division took the traditional Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda" as its battle hymn. To this day, 1st Division Marines still ship out to this song being played.[16]

The division would next see action during Operation Cartwheel which was the codename for the campaigns in Eastern New Guinea and New Britain. They came ashore at the Battle of Cape Gloucester on 26 December 1943[17] and fought on New Britain until March 1944 at such places as Suicide Creek and Ajar Ridge. During the course of the battle the division had 310 killed and 1,083 wounded. Following the battle they were sent to Pavuvu in the Russell Islands for rest and refitting.[18]

The next battle for the 1st Marine Division would be the bloodiest yet at the Battle of Peleliu. They landed on 15 September 1944 as part of the III Amphibious Corps assault on the island. The division's commanding general, Major General William H. Rupertus had predicted the fighting would be, "...tough but short. It'll be over in three or four days – a fight like Tarawa. Rough but fast. Then we can go back to the rest area."[19] Making a mockery of the prediction, the first week of the battle alone cost the division 3,946 casualties, during which time they secured the key airfield sites.[20] The division fought on Peleliu for one month before being relieved.[21] Some of the heaviest fighting of the entire war took place in places such as Bloody Nose Ridge and the central ridges of the island that made up the Umurbrogol Pocket.[22] The month of fighting against the 14th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) on Peleliu cost the 1st Marine Division 1,252 dead and 5,274 wounded.[23]

The final campaign the division would take part in during World War II would be the Battle of Okinawa. The strategic importance of Okinawa was that it provided a fleet anchorage, troop staging areas, and airfields in close proximity to Japan. The division landed on 1 April 1945 as part of the III Amphibious Corps. Its initial mission was, fighting alongside the 6th Marine Division, to clear the northern half of the island – that they were able to do expeditiously. The Army's XXIV Corps met much stiffer resistance in the south, and on 1 May 1945 the Marine division was moved south where it relieved the Army's 27th Infantry Division. The division was in heavy fighting on Okinawa until 22 June 1945, when the island was declared secure. The 1st Marine Division slugged it out with the Japanese 32nd Army at such places as Dakeshi Ridge, Wana Ridge, "Sugarloaf Hill" and Shuri Castle. Fighting on Okinawa cost the division 1,655 killed in action.

During the war, the division had five Seabee Battalions posted to it. The 6th NCB was attached to the 1st Marine Division on Guadalcanal. They were followed by the 19th Naval Construction Battalion (NCB) which was assigned to the 17th Marines as the third battalion of the regiment. They landed at Cape Gloucester with the division. The 17th Marines were inactivated with the 19th NCB being reassigned. After that, the 33rd NCB was posted to the 1st for the assault on Peleliu and they were replaced by the 145th NCB for the invasion of Okinawa. (see:Seabees) On Peleliu, the 17th Special NCB(segregated) was assigned to the 1st Pioneers as shore party. Together with the 16th Marines Field Depot(segregated) they helped evacuate wounded and bury the dead for the 7th Marines. On the first night of the assault, nearly all of the 17th Seabees volunteered to hump ammo to the frontlines. They also reinforced the Marines in sections where directed, were used to crew a 37mm, and were utilized for several days. For their efforts, they received an official "well done".[24][25][26][27] The 33rd NCB also had 202 Men assigned to the shore party.[28]

Following the surrender of Japan, the division was sent to Northern China as the lead combat element of the III Amphibious Corps with the primary mission of preventing the People's Liberation Army from accepting the surrender of Japanese soldiers in Northern China, and to secure that region of China for the Nationalist Government.[29] They landed at Taku on 30 September 1945 and would be based in Hebei Province in the cities of Tianjin and Beijing, and also on the Shandong Peninsula,[30] with the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party raging around them. Most Marines in the division would be charged with guarding supply trains, bridges, and depots to keep food and coal moving into the cities. During this time they increasingly fought skirmishes with soldiers from the People's Liberation Army who raided ambushed, and harassed the railways and other infrastructure.[31][32]

By the summer of 1946 the division was suffering the effects of demobilization and its combat efficiency had dropped below wartime standards; however, its commitments in China remained. As it became increasingly apparent that a complete collapse of truce negotiations among the Chinese factions was apparent, plans were laid for the withdrawal of all Marine units from Hebei. The last elements of the division finally left China on 1 September 1947.[31]

Korean War

[edit]
Marines of 1st Marine Division at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir.

Following the end of World War II and the postwar drawdown of forces, by 1950 the division only possessed the strength of a reinforced regimental combat team.[33] The division would be assembled on the battle field and would participate in the amphibious assault at Inchon under the orders of United Nations Command (UN) commander General MacArthur.[34] The division was the unit chosen to lead the Inchon landing on 15 September 1950. At Inchon, the division faced one of its most daunting challenges, deploying so hurriedly it still lacked its third infantry regiment and ordered to execute an amphibious assault under the worst tidal conditions they had ever faced. After the landing they moved north and after heavy fighting in Seoul they liberated the city.

After the liberation of Seoul, the division was put back on ships and taken to the eastern side of the Korean peninsula and landed at Wonsan on 26 October. As part of X Corps commanded by Army Major General Edward Almond the division was ordered to push north towards the Yalu River as fast as possible.[35] The then commanding officer of the division, Major General O.P. Smith, did not agree with his superiors and had become convinced that they were stretched thin and that the Chinese Forces had entered the war. He purposely slowed his advance and consolidated along the way at every opportunity.[36] The 1st Marine Division was attacked by ten Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) infantry divisions on 27 November 1950. They fought their way out of the Chosin Reservoir against seven PVA divisions suffering over 900 killed and missing, over 3,500 wounded and more than 6,500 non-battle casualties mostly from frostbite during the battle. The greater part of the PVA 9th Army was rendered ineffective as they suffered an estimated 37,500 casualties trying to stop the Marines' march out of the "Frozen Chosin". The division was evacuated from Hungnam in mid-December and then landed in Pusan.[37][38]

Beginning in early 1951 the division participated in several UN offensives in east-central Korea. This was followed by defending against the Chinese Spring Offensive. By June 1951 the 1st Marine Division had pushed northward and secured the Punchbowl and then settled into a defensive line 11 miles (18 km) long.[39]

In mid-March 1952 the 8th Army, to whom the Marines were attached, instituted Operation Bootdrop. The operation was a massive redeployment of UN forces designed to put more Republic of Korea Army units on the Jamestown Line, the UN's Main line of resistance (MLR).[40] The 1st Marine Division was reassigned to the far western end of the MLR defending a 35 miles (56 km) line that encompassed the Pyongyang to Seoul corridor. For much of the next year, in what would be termed the "Outpost War", action along this line consisted of small, localized actions because much of the fighting revolved around the holding and retaking of various combat outposts along the MLR, including the Battles of Bunker Hill, First Hook and Outpost Vegas. Fighting continued until the Armistice took effect on 27 July 1953.[39] During the Korean War the division suffered combat casualties of 4,004 dead and 25,864 wounded.

In 1953 the division command post was established at Tonggu.[41] The site was later named Camp Howze by the US Army. A memorial to—US and ROK—Marine participation in the war is located at the adjoining district of Bongilcheon-ri (봉일천리) (37°43′52″N 126°49′59″E / 37.73111°N 126.83306°E / 37.73111; 126.83306).[42]

Vietnam War

[edit]
3/3 Marines observe an airstrike during Operation Harvest Moon

In August 1965, the division's 7th Marine Regiment participated in Operation Starlite, the first major engagement against the Vietcong (VC) for American ground troops in South Vietnam.[43] This was followed in September by Operation Piranha.[44]: 69–83  In December Division elements conducted Operation Harvest Moon.[44]: 101–11 

In March 1966 division elements conducted Operations Utah, Oregon and Texas.[45]: 109–27  March also saw the 1st Marine Division Headquarters established at Chu Lai.[46] By June, the entire division was in South Vietnam, its Tactical Area of Responsibility (TAOR) was the southern two provinces of I Corps — Quang Tin and Quang Ngai.[45]: 128–31  In August the division conducted Operation Colorado.[45]: 213–20  Between March and October 1966 to May 1967, the division conducted 44 named operations. The division received its 7th Presidential Unit Citation for service from 29 March 1966 to 15 September 1967.[47]

From January to April 1967 the 7th Marines conducted Operation Desoto.[48]: 53  In early April 1967 under Operation Oregon the division moved north to Da Nang to support the 3rd Marine Division and Task Force Oregon took over the division's former TAOR.[48]: 78  From April to May Division units conducted Operations Union and Beaver Cage.[48]: 63–8  From May to June the 5th Marine Regiment conducted Operation Union II with Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces.[48]: 68  In September Division units and ARVN forces conducted Operation Swift.[48]: 111–9  In November the 5th Marines conducted Operation Essex.[48]: 120–2  On 4 December 1967 Task Force X-Ray was activated to implement Operation Checkers, the movement of the 1st Marine Division from Thừa Thiên Province north to Quảng Trị Province to support the 3rd Marine Division which was engaged in heavy combat along the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.[49]: 105–6  From 28 December 1967 to 3 January 1968 Division units conducted Operation Auburn on Go Noi Island south of Da Nang.[49]: 91–7 

A wounded 2/5 Marine receives treatment during the Battle of Huế

On 11 January 1968 Task Force X-Ray headquarters was established at Phu Bai Combat Base and assumed operational control of the 5th Marine Regiment which moved north from Da Nang and the 1st Marine Regiment already based at Phu Bai.[49]: 105–6  When the 1968 Tet Offensive began at the end of January, the division was involved in fierce fighting with PAVN/VC throughout its TAOR and together with ARVN units would defend Da Nang and fight the Battle of Huế.[49]: 141–249  The 1st Marines would receive a Presidential Unit Citation for its actions at Huế.[50] From May to August Division units conducted Operation Allen Brook on Go Noi Island.[49]: 328–43  From May to October Division units conducted Operation Mameluke Thrust in Happy Valley southwest of Da Nang.[49]: 417–7  From 1 to 19 October Division units conducted Operation Maui Peak to relieve Thường Ðức Camp.[49]: 418–21  From late October to early December the 5th Marines conducted Operation Henderson Hill in Happy Valley.[49]: 423  From 20 November to 9 December Division units conducted Operation Meade River south of Da Nang.[49]: 426–36  From 6 December to 8 March 1969 Division units conducted Operation Taylor Common in the An Hoa Basin west of Hội An.[49]: 437–42 [51]: 88–94 

1/5 Marines await a helicopter during Operation Imperial Lake

From 31 March to 29 May 1969 Division and ARVN units conducted Operation Oklahoma Hills southwest of Da Nang.[51]: 103–16  From 26 May to 7 November Division, ARVN and Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC) units conducted Operation Pipestone Canyon on Go Noi Island.[51]: 175–87  On 7 June PFC Dan Bullock of 2/5 Marines was killed in a PAVN sapper attack on An Hoa Combat Base, having lied about his age to enlist, he was, at 15 years old, the youngest American killed in the war.[52]

From July to August 1970 Division units conducted Operation Pickens Forest southwest of An Hoa Combat Base.[53]: 69–76  From 1 September to 7 May 1971 Division and ROKMC units conducted Operation Imperial Lake in the Quế Sơn District south of Da Nang.[53]: 91–2 

On 13 January 1971 Operation Keystone Robin Charlie began with the standing down of the initial units supporting the division. The redeployment accelerated in mid-February but then slowed when HMH-463, HML-167, HMM-263 and MASS-3 were retained to support Operation Lam Son 719.[53]: 220  Throughout April the remaining Division units transferred bases and tactical areas of responsibility to the Americal Division.[53]: 235–8  On 14 April 1971 the 3rd Marine Amphibious Brigade was activated at Camp Jay K. Brooks and III Marine Amphibious Force transferred all remaining Marine forces to it.[53]: 238  On 30 April President Richard Nixon welcomed the division back to Camp Pendleton and awarded it a second Presidential Unit Citation for its service in South Vietnam.[53]: 242 

The division lost 7,012 men killed in action in South Vietnam.[54]

In 1975, the division supported the resettlement of South Vietnamese refugees by providing food and temporary shelter at Camp Pendleton for Vietnamese refugees as they arrived in the United States.[55]

Desert Shield and Desert Storm

[edit]
See also: Battle of Khafji

In 1990, the 1st Marine Division formed the nucleus of the massive force sent to the Middle East in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. During Operation Desert Shield, the division supported I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) in the defense of Saudi Arabia from the Iraqi threat. In 1991, the division went on the offensive as part of U.S. Marine Forces Central Command (MARCENT)[56] with the rest of Coalition Forces in Operation Desert Storm. The 1st Marine Division destroyed around 60 Iraqi tanks near the Burgan oil field without suffering any losses.[57] 1st Marine Division Task Force Ripper (RCT-7) M60A1 RISE Passive Patton tanks destroyed about 100 Iraqi tanks and armored personnel carriers, including about 50 top-of-the-line Soviet T-72 tanks.[58] These efforts were instrumental in the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi forces.

1992 Los Angeles riots

[edit]

On 2 May 1992, the 1st Marine Division took part of Operation Garden Plot to help local and state law enforcement as well as the California Army National Guard in quelling the Rodney King riots in Los Angeles County, California. It was part of the 3,500 federal military force sent to Los Angeles. The Marine Corps contingent included the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, commanded by Marine Corps General John F. Kelly. As part of the Joint Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force Los Angeles, Marines took up positions in Compton and Long Beach to prevent further rioting and disorder. No rioters or civilians were killed or injured by the Marines, nor did the Marines themselves suffer any casualties. On 10 May, six days after the riots ended, Marines formally withdrew from the city and returned to Camp Pendleton.[59]

1990s humanitarian relief

[edit]
Letter by Gen Mattis distributed throughout division before the 2003 invasion of Iraq

Immediately following the Persian Gulf War, the division sent units to assist in relief efforts following a typhoon in Bangladesh (Operation Sea Angel) and the eruption of volcano Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines (Operation Fiery Vigil).[2] In December 1992, Operation Restore Hope, bringing relief to famine-stricken Somalia, kicked off with the early morning amphibious landing of Marines from the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit, which was supported by 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines. More than 15,000 metric tons of food was successfully distributed from 398 different food sites in the city during the operation. The final phase of the operation involved the transition from a U.S. peacemaking force to a United Nations peacekeeping force. U.S. Marine involvement in Operation Restore Hope officially ended on 27 April 1993, when the humanitarian relief sector of Mogadishu was handed over to Pakistani Armed Forces.[2]

Iraq War

[edit]

The 1st Marine Division, then under the command of Major General James Mattis, was one of the two major U.S. land forces that participated in the 2003 invasion of Iraq as the land component of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. In December 2002, Mattis was quoted as saying, "The President, the National Command Authority and the American people need speed. The sooner we get it over with the better. Our overriding principle will be speed, speed, speed."[60] Initially, the division fought through the Rumaila oil fields, feinted an attack towards Basrah[61] then moved north on Iraq Highway 1 to An Nasariyah – a moderate-sized, Shi'ite dominated city with important strategic significance as a major road junction and proximity to nearby Talil Airfield. The division then fought its way to Baghdad and pushed further to secure Tikrit by forming Task Force Tripoli after the fall of Baghdad. The division covered 808 kilometers in 17 days of sustained combat,[62] the deepest penetrating ground operation in Marine Corps history. After the invasion the division settled in to conduct security and stabilization operations in Baghdad, Tikrit, and then in south-central Iraq from May to October 2003. For actions during the war as part of I MEF the division was awarded its 9th Presidential Unit Citation.[2]

The division returned to Iraq in February 2004 and took control of the Al Anbar province in western Iraq; it was the lead unit in Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury in 2004. During February and March 2005, the division was relieved by the 2nd Marine Division concluding the largest relief in place in the history of the Marine Corps.[2] In 2006, the division again deployed to Iraq as the ground combat element for I MEF in the Al Anbar province. It returned to MCB Camp Pendleton in early 2007.[63]

Afghanistan War

[edit]

Battalions from the 1st Marine Division have been regularly deployed to Afghanistan since 2008. In 2010, 1st Marine Division (Forward) deployed to Helmand province, Afghanistan, as part of the more than 30,000 troops into the country. While in Afghanistan, the Division served as the ground combat element for Task Force Leatherneck, leading a multinational coalition and working alongside Afghan National Security Forces.[64]

Insignia

[edit]

Originally termed a battle blaze, the shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Marine Division was designed by Lt. Col Merrill Twining, Division D-3 in February 1943 while the division was stationed in Victoria, Australia.[65] The blue diamond with the Southern Cross is similar to the Flag of Victoria. The red numeral one in the middle denotes the division's first action on Guadalcanal. A commercial firm in Melbourne first produced the shoulder patch with every Marine issued two of them[66] that was sewn on his battle jacket.

The 2nd Marine Division originally had a similar battle blaze of the same design with a red snake in the shape of a "2" also reading GUADALCANAL.[67]

Marine Corps shoulder sleeve insignia were officially authorized on 15 March 1943.[68]

Unit awards

[edit]

A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 1st Marine Division has been presented with the following awards:[69]

Streamer Award Year(s) Additional Info
Presidential Unit Citation Streamer with one Silver and three Bronze Stars 1942, 1944, 1945, 1950, 1950, 1951, 1966–1967, 1967–1968, 2003 Guadalcanal, Peleliu-Ngesebus, Okinawa, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq
Joint Meritorious Unit Award Streamer 1992–1993 Somalia
Navy Unit Commendation Streamer with one Bronze Star 1952–1953, 1990–1991 Korea, Southwest Asia
Mexican Service Streamer April–November 1914 Vera Cruz
Dominican Campaign Streamer June–December 1916
Haitian Campaign Streamer with one Bronze Star August 1915 – August 1934
Marine Corps Expeditionary Streamer

World War I Victory Streamer with one Bronze Star

American Defense Service Streamer with one Bronze Star 1941 World War II
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer with one Silver and one Bronze Star
Guadalcanal, Eastern New Guinea, New Britain, Peleliu, Okinawa
World War II Victory Streamer 1941–1945 Pacific War
Navy Occupation Service Streamer with "ASIA"

China Service Streamer with one Bronze Star September 1946 – June 1947 North China
National Defense Service Streamer with three Bronze Stars 1950–1954, 1961–1974, 1990–1995, 2001–present Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War, War on Terrorism
Korean Service Streamer with two Silver Stars 1950–1953 Inchon-Seoul, Chosin Reservoir, East-Central Front, Western Front
Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamer 1992–1993 Somalia
Vietnam Service Streamer with two Silver and three Bronze Stars July 1965 – April 1971, April–December 1975 Chu Lai, Da Nang, Dong Ha, Qui Nhon, Huế, Phu Bai, Quang Tri, Operation New Arrival
Southwest Asia Service Streamer with two Bronze Stars September 1990 – February 1991 Desert Shield, Desert Storm
Iraq Campaign Streamer
March 2004 – March 2005, March 2006 – February 2007
Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Streamer
March–May 2003
Global War on Terrorism Service Streamer 2001–present
Korea Presidential Unit Citation Streamer

Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm Streamer

Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation Civil Actions Streamer

See also

[edit]
19th Naval Construction Battalion Plaque as the third Battalion 17th Marines with the 1st Marine Division Seabee Museum Archives

References

[edit]
Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
Specific
  1. ^ "Camp Pendleton, California". www.1stmardiv.marines.mil. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "History of the 1st Marine Division". United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2007.. Accessed 9 June 2009. 10 June 2009.
  3. ^ 1st Marine Division: Lineage http://www.1stmardiv.marines.mil/About/Lineage/ Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  4. ^ 1st Marine Division: Honors http://www.1stmardiv.marines.mil/About/Honors/ Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  5. ^ Lowery, M. Trent (28 January 2008). "1st Marine Division welcomes veterans for 67th anniversary". Marine Corps News. United States Marine Corps.
  6. ^ Lane (2004), p. 44
  7. ^ It would be replaced by the 2nd Marine Regiment from San Diego sailing with the USS Wasp
  8. ^ a b Lane (2004), p. 51
  9. ^ Rottman (2002), p. 27
  10. ^ Lane (2004), p. 57
  11. ^ Lane (2004), p. 60
  12. ^ Lane (2004), p. 63
  13. ^ a b Frank (1990), p. 522
  14. ^ Cronin (1951), p. 47
  15. ^ Leckie Helmet for my Pillow, p. 147-208
  16. ^ Roger Clarke. "Roger Clarke's Waltzing Matilda Home-Page". Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 December 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
  17. ^ Shaw, Henry I.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963). "History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II". Volume II: Isolation of Rabaul. Headquarters Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
  18. ^ Turner (1997), p. 25-6
  19. ^ Sloane (2005), p. 65
  20. ^ Hastings (2007), p. 116
  21. ^ Sledge (1990), p. 151
  22. ^ Sledge (1990), p. 96, 127–158
  23. ^ Sledge (1990), p. 155
  24. ^ Seabee Museum Archives, Port Hueneme, CA. 93043. 17th Special; NCB p. 29[1]
  25. ^ World War II Database World War II Database
  26. ^ 16th Field Depot
  27. ^ "17th Special Naval Construction Battalion Historical Information" (PDF). NHHC.
  28. ^ "Peleliu Shore Party Group". Peleliu Tribute. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.
  29. ^ Zarrow, Peter Gue. (2005). China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36447-7. p. 338.
  30. ^ Jessup, John E. (1989). A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945–1985. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-24308-5.
  31. ^ a b Frank, Benis; Henry I. Saw Jr. (1968). "Volume V: Victory and Occupation". History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
  32. ^ Sledge (2002), pp. xx–xxi.
  33. ^ Chapin (2000), p. 5
  34. ^ Simmons (2003), p.200.
  35. ^ Halberstam (2008), p.432-33.
  36. ^ Fehrenbach (1963), p.233.
  37. ^ Russ (1999), p. 433-34
  38. ^ [USMC 1st Division Casualties from 8 Oct to 24 December 1950 were 604 KIA/114 WIA/192 MIA/3,485 WIA/7,338 Non Battle casualties "US Marine Operations on Korea" Vol. 3, pp. 381–382.]
  39. ^ a b "Brief History of the Marine Corps in the Korean War". United States of America – Korean War Commemoration. Marine Corps History and Museums Division. Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  40. ^ Ballenger (2000), p.5.
  41. ^ "File 2828: 1st Marine Regiment - Headquarters Battalion - Command Diary". koreanwar.org. December 1953. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Headquarters—Headquarters Battalion—1st Marine Division (Reinf), FMF—c/o FPO, San Francisco, California—COMMAND DIARY FOR DECEMBER 1953—Map of Korea, AMS Series L751, L: 50,000—1. SUMMARY—This report covers the activities of Headquarters Battalion from 1 December to 31 December 1953 . . . the Division Command Post was located at TONGGU, Korea (CS083788), and operated thereat.
  42. ^ "Korean War Memorials in Pictures: Remembering UN Participation 60 Years Later" (PDF). p. 89.
  43. ^ Simmons US Marines History, p. 225
  44. ^ a b Johnson, Charles (1978). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Landing and the Buildup, 1965 (Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Historical Series). Marine Corps Association. ISBN 978-0-89839-259-3.
  45. ^ a b c Shulimson, Jack (1982). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: An Expanding War, 1966 (PDF). History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  46. ^ Simmons US Marines History, p. 229
  47. ^ "Presidential Unit Citation Awarded the 1st Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, Pacific". Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  48. ^ a b c d e f Telfer, Gary (1984). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: Fighting the North Vietnamese 1967. History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 978-1494285449.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shulimson, Jack (1997). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: 1968 The Defining Year. History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 0160491258. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  50. ^ Nixon, Richard (30 September 1969). "Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Unit Citation to the First Marines (Reinforced)". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  51. ^ a b c Smith, Charles (1988). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: High Mobility and Standdown 1969. History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 978-1494287627. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  52. ^ Brian Thomas Gallagher (7 June 2019). "He Enlisted at 14, Went to Vietnam at 15 and Died a Month Later". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Cosmas, Graham; Murray, Terrence P. (1988). Melton, William R.; Shulimson, Jack (eds.). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: Vietnamization and Redeployment 1970–1971 (PDF). History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. ISBN 978-1482384123. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  54. ^ CDR Kenneth Davis, US Navy (ret), and associates of the Coffelt Database of Vietnam casualties.
  55. ^ FallOfSaigon (2008). "AFTER ACTION REPORT~ 17 April ~ 7 May 1975". Retrieved 14 March 2008.
  56. ^ U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf: 1990-1991 - With the I Marine Expeditionary Force in Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Col. Charles J. Quilter, Jr., USMC Reserve, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, DC, 1993.
  57. ^ Blitzkrieg in the Gulf by Yves Debay
  58. ^ Moore p.A01
  59. ^ Stephen Braun and Jim Newton (10 May 1992). "U.S. Army, Marine Troops Withdraw From Los Angeles: Disorder: Police officers reportedly demoralized by public bickering over their readiness and performance. National Guard units to remain for a while". Los Angeles Times.
  60. ^ Warren American Spartans, p. 426
  61. ^ Warren American Spartans, p. 425
  62. ^ Reynolds Basrah, Baghdad and Beyond, p. 170.
  63. ^ Jolly, Vik Jolly (15 May 2007). "Pendleton papa's home". The Orange County Register. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  64. ^ "1stmardiv". 1stmardiv.marines. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  65. ^ p.20 Rottman, Gordon L. US Marine Corps Pacific Theatre of Operations 2004 Osprey Publishing
  66. ^ p.Rill, James C. A Narrative History of the 11th Marines 2003 Merriam Press
  67. ^ p. 32 Thompson, James G Complete Guide to United States Marine Corps Medals, Badges, and Insignia: World War II to Present Medals of America Press, 2003
  68. ^ Rottman, Gordon L. & Chappell, Mike. US Marine Corps 1941–1945. Osprey Publishing. p. 54.
  69. ^ "Lineage and Honors of the 1st Marine Division". Retrieved 23 November 2018.
Bibliography
Web
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1st Marine Division (United States).
Library resources about
1st Marine Division
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_Marine_Division&oldid=1245572069"