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English: 1-Water molecules enter the roots passively, passing through the cortex, and are guided to xylem tissue by the Casparian strip. A concentration gradient of solutes within the xylem leads to further passive transport of water into the vessel elements or traicheids.

2-Once the water has entered the xylem, the forces of adhesion and cohesion take effect. Adhesion causes the molecules to adhere to sides of the vessels, and cohesion causes the molecules to adhere to each other, forming a column of water that extends from the roots to the top of the plant. 3-Water from the xylem is let into the spongy mesophyll, where it can come into contact with stomata. When the stomata are open, the cells in this layer are exposed to the outside air, and evaporation occurs. When water molecules evaporate out of the stomata, they create tension in the water column, as the forces of cohesion pull nearby molecules up with them, creating pulling force down the length of the xylem.

Mader, Sylvia S. Biology, Tenth. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. Print.
Français : 1) Des molécules d'eau pénètrent dans les racines passivement ; elles sont guidés vers les tissus du xylèmepar la bande de Caspari. Un gradient de concentration des solutés dans le xylème conduit à un transport ultérieur passif de l'eau dans les éléments de vaisseaux de la plante.

2) quand l'eau a pénétré dans le xylème, les forces d'adhérence et de cohésion agissent (capillarité). Elles provoque l'adhérence des molécules aux parois des vaisseaux, et la cohésion amène les molécules à adhérer les unes aux autres, formant une colonne d'eau qui s'étend à partir de la racine à la partie supérieure de la plante. 3) L'eau du xylème est introduit dans le mésophylle spongieux, où il peut entrer en contact avec les stomates. Lorsque les stomates sont ouverts, les cellules de cette couche sont exposés à l'air extérieur, et l'évaporation se produit. Lorsque les molécules d'eau s'évaporent par les stomates, ils créent des tensions dans la colonne d'eau, que les forces de cohésion des molécules voisines tirent avec eux, la création d'une force de traction sur toute la longueur du xylème.

(selon Mader, Sylvia S (2010) Biology, Tenth. New York:.. McGraw Hill, )
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Author Laurel Jules

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26 May 2013

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