Wikipedia:AP Biology Bapst 2013

A flower of *Regelia*, a small genus of angiosperms endemic to Australia.

Past Related Projects: Wikipedia:WikiProject AP Biology Bapst 2012 & Wikipedia:WikiProject AP Biology 2011

A high school class in Maine - John Bapst Memorial High School in Bangor, Maine - will contribute images to Wikipedia article and the commons until June 7, 2013. The collective goal is to contribute excellent biology diagrams to the Commons and to corresponding Wikipedia articles. This is done as part of an Advanced Placement Biology course. The lead editor is Chris Packard. This project is inspired by the 2009 Wikipedia AP Biology Project. There are many basic and important diagrams missing from biological articles and we're doing our part to fix this.

Students will work alone, there are 38 students so we should have 38 new images with captions and labels.
The time frame will be three weeks.
Students will be required to write a summary of why they select a topic; hopefully, eliminating obscure, random topic selections. They also must create labels and captions for their photos
They may add it to encyclopedia articles.
The best of the bunch will be submitted as Wikipedia featured pictures, see other candidates here. Featured images must be in .svg (vector) format.

Feel free to discuss this project. Please notify me of any concerns; especially if they involve the behavior of my students on Wikipedia. With a little patience, this should be an inspirational experience for all.

Goals / Motivation

To improve the images in Wikipedia's coverage of Biology articles.
To encourage promising students to write, create, learn, and contribute volunteer efforts through a service learning project.
The dreaded “Research Project” is a standard hurdle for most AP Programs. Rightfully so, being that many college courses require such publications to validate your existence. This new approach to constructing a scientific document, is far more authentic and interesting. Rather than researching for a paper that is destined for the teacher's eyes and then a one way trip to the circular bin, let us contribute to the world-wide data base for others to benefit. I hope this will be an interesting and memorable project and assessment. It's funny, I can remember a number of projects and papers I wrote during my own high school experience, but I can remember no tests whatsoever.

Contributions

As you upload your projects and add them to Wikipedia please add them to the gallery below. By adding a new line which begins with the word "File" and them follows the format of my sample image. Make sure to include your caption.

Opening and Closing of Stom
Seed development in plants consists of six stages:Stage I - Zygote Stage After double fertilization, the endosperm and zygote are visible.Stage II - Proembryo Stage The zygote divides to create a proembryo and a suspensor forms to transfer nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo allowing the embryo to grow. Stage III - Globular Stage The proembryo contains numerous cells. The root-shoot axis is visible. The embryonic cells near the suspensor will form the root while the embryonic cells at the other end near the top of the embryo will become the shoot. There are cells on the outskirt of the embryo that will become the dermal tissue. Stage IV - Heart Stage Cell division in the embryo creates a heart shaped embryo revealing the cotyledons.Stage V - Torpedo Stage The root takes on a torpedo shape. The root and shoot apical meristems appear. Also present is the ground meristem. The cotyledons are clearly visible and start to bend. Stage VI - Mature Embryo Stage The epicotyl, which contributes to the shoot, and hypocotyl, which contributes to the root, become visible along with the radicle. The cotyledons are extremely visible. Procambium can be seen at the core of the embryo. The integuments of the ovule become the seed coat.1) Endosperm; 2) Zygote; 3) Embryo; 4) Suspensor; 5) Cotyledons; 6) Shoot Apical Meristem; 7) Root Apical Meristem; 8) Radicle; 9) Hypocotyl; 10) Epicotyl; 11) Seed Coat
1-Epidermal cell 2-Guard cell 3-Stoma 4-K+ ions 5-Water 6-Vacuole a. Open stoma: stomata are the small pores in the epidermis of leaves. They are bordered by guard cells. The stomata open when the turgor pressure increases in the guard cells, causing the cells to buckle outward. This happens when water flows into the guard cells. Water flows into the guard cells after K+ ions enter the cells, because the water is flowing down its concentration gradient to keep the solute level the same inside the cell as outside. The K+ ions are actively transported into the cells. A proton pump moves H+ ions out of the cell, which is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows the K+ to flow into the cells through a channel protein. A signal that begins the process is a blue-light component of sunlight. b. Closed stoma: stomata close when the turgor pressure decreases because water exits the cell. The water flows out because the K+ ions exit the cell. They flow out when the proton pump is deactivated. There are a number of signals that can cause stomata to close, these include: a rise in CO2 concentration and the hormone abscisic acid. Even if plants are kept in the dark, the stomata still open and close about every 24 hours, meaning they are regulated by the Circadian rhythms of the plants. The opening and closing of stomata are also influenced by temperature, humidity, and stress.
The left diagram shows a steroid hormone (1) entering a cell and (2) binding to a receptor protein in the nucleus, causing (3) mRNA synthesis which is the first step of protein synthesis. The right side shows lipid hormones (1) binding with receptors which (2) begins a transduction pathway. The transduction pathway ends (3) with transcription factors being activated in the nucleus, and protein synthesis beginning. In both diagrams, a is the hormone, b is the cell membrane, c is the cytoplasm, and d is the nucleus.
1) Sporophyte 2)Anther 3) Ovule 4) Ovary 5) Microspore Mother Cell 6) Megaspore Mother Cell 7) Microspore 8) Megaspore 9) Pollen Grain (Male Gametophyte) 10) Embryo Sac (Mature Female Gametophyte) 11) Seed 12) Endosperm (3n) 13) Mature Seed I) diploid (2n) II) haploid (n) III) Meiosis IV) Mitosis V) Pollination VI) Double Fertilization The plant fertilization cycle is called alternation of generations and begins with the development of both the male and female gametophytes. The male gametophytes are produced when the microspore mother cell in the pollen sacs of the anther goes through meiosis and produces four microspores (pollen). The female gametophyte is produced when a megaspore mother cell in the ovary goes through meiosis and produces four megaspores, three of which will disintegrate. The male gametophytes develop into pollen grains and the female gametophytes become an embryo sac. Development of the sporophyte occurs when the pollen grain germinates on the stigma and produces a pollen tube that extends in the style until it reaches an ovule of the ovary. Double fertilization occurs when the pollen tube releases two sperm. One sperm fertilizes the egg to produce a zygote and the other fertilizes the polar nuclei producing a triploid endosperm nucleus. The endosperm nucleus divides to produce endosperm food for the plant. The ovule develops into a seed and contains the embryo and the endosperm. The zygote develops to produce the plant. When condition are appropriate, the seed germinates. The plant becomes a mature sporophyte.
A myelin sheath is a protective band made up of proteins and fatty acids that surrounds the nerves like that on the spinal cord. It is formed by myelinating Schwann cells that wrap around the axon. The Schwann cells do not only create the myelin sheath, but also help protect the axon. The myelin sheath’s purpose is to allow the impulses from nerve cells to transmit quicker and fluently. It also prevents charges from leaking out of the nerves. 1. Axon2. Nucleus of Schwann Cell3. Schwann Cell4. Myelin Sheath5. Neurilemma
This is a sample image. It is a public domain image of Richard Maack, educator and great Siberian explorer. Image contributed by Chris Packard - User:Earthdirt and added to article Richard Maack.
Test image by Mr. Packard. Diagram of a generalized mammal sperm cell.1. Acrosome 2. Nucleus 3. Head 4. Centriole 5. Mitochondria in the Midpiece 6. Tail/Flagela
In ethanol fermentation. One glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvates (1). The energy from this exothermic reaction is used to bind inorganic phosphates to ADP and convert NAD+ to NADH. The two pyruvates are then broken down into two Acetaldehyde and give off two CO2 as a waste product (2). The two Acetaldehydes are then converted to two ethanol by using the H+ ions from NADH; converting NADH back into NAD+ (3).
The process of spermatogenesis. 1. Primary spermatocyte 2. Secondary spermatocytes 3. Spermatids 4. Sperm
1. Meiosis I 2. Meiosis II 3. Fertilization 4. Zygote The left image at the blue arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis II. The right image at the green arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis I. Nondisjunction occurs when chromatids fail to separate normally resulting in a gain or loss of chromosomes. This can happen during mitosis or meiosis. Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I and the result is both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell. This has the eggs have one more or one less number of chromosomes. Once the sperm fertilizes the egg then there is an abnormal number of chromosomes. Secondary nondisjunction happens during meiosis II and this results when the sister chromatids fail to separate, ending up with both daughter chromosomes going into the same gamete. During this, one egg will have one more or one less chromosome. Once these eggs are fertilized there will be two zygotes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. It is less harmful to have secondary nondisjunction since you can still have two normal gametes while in primary nondisjunction there are no normal gametes.
This diagram is showing the differences between monocotyledonous flowers or dicotyledonous flowers. Monocots have a single cotyledon and long and narrow leaves with parallel veins. Their vascular bundles are scattered. Their petals or flower parts are in multiples of three. Dicots have two cotyledons and broad leaves with network of veins. Their vascular bundles are in a ring. Their petals or flower parts are in multiples of four or five.
1. eggshell 2. yolk sac 3. yolk (nutrients) 4. vessels 5. amnion 6. chorion 7. air space 8. allantois 9. albumin (egg white) 10. amniotic sac 11. crocodile embryo 12. amniotic fluid
The CFTR protein is a channel protein that controls the flow of H2O and Cl- ions in and out of cells inside the lungs. When the CFTR protein is working correctly, as shown in Panel 1, ions freely flow in and out of the cells. However, when the CFTR protein is malfunctioning as in Panel 2, these ions cannot flow out of the cell due to a blocked channel. This causes Cystic Fibrosis, characterized by the buildup of thick mucus in the lungs.
Before it is transformed a bacterium is susceptible to antibiotics. A plasmid can be inserted when the bacteria is under stress, and be incorporated into the bacterial DNA creating antibiotic resistance. When the plasmids are prepared they are inserted into the bacterial cell by either making pores in the plasma membrane with temperature extremes and chemical treatments, or making it semi permeable through the process of electrophoresis, in which electric currents create the holes in the membrane. After conditions return to normal the holes in the membrane close and the plasmids are trapped inside the bacteria where they become part of the genetic material and their genes are expressed by the bacteria.
Two pie graphs about the composition of the human body.
This diagram shows the innovations of protection of a multicellular embryo which was the first plants to live on land. Vascular tissue permits the transportation of the water and nutrients. The next generation needed a stronger way to survive which increased the evolution of seeds. It starts with a common ancestor and moves up the chain as each one gets more and more complex, from something as simple as a Charophyte which does not have a protected embryo to the most complex thing which is the Flowering Plant which has double fertilization.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protists use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar. The process of photosynthesis is divided into two main parts: the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions (or the Calvin Cycle). During the process of photosynthesis, light is absorbed, ATP is generated, carbon dioxide is fixed and glucose is produced. Chlorophyll, located in the chloroplasts, absorbs waves of light. Once the light is captured, hydrogen electrons are pulled from water and the extra oxygen created by the splitting of water is released as a waste product. The electrons, after being accepted, then begin the process of generating ATP and are passed down an electron transport chain. While the electrons reduce each NADP+ to NADPH, a movement of protons across the concentration gradient generates the ATP. Finally, the ATP provides the energy required for glucose to be created from carbon dioxide and water. This final stage does not require light for it to commence but it often occurs when light is available.
Amphibian Egg: 1. Jelly Capsule 2. Vitelline Membrane 3. Perivitelline Fluid 4. Yolk Plug 5. Embryo The jelly capsule is designed to protect the embryo from the outside environment. This capsule also prevents the egg from drying out. The vitelline membrane is a membrane surrounding the egg. Upon fertilization, this membrane splits off from the surface of the egg and the space between the vitelline membrane and the embryo is filled with perivitelline fluid. This fluid surrounds the embryo and yolk plug. The yolk plug nourishes the embryo and indicates that the embryo is near the end of gastrulation.
1. Seahorses court: after the hours-to-days-long process, the female transfers her eggs to the egg pouch of the male, located on his abdomen. 2. The fertilized eggs grow and develop into baby seahorses inside the egg pouch of the male. 3. The male ejects the baby seahorses, from 5 to 2,500 young, averaging 100-1000.4. The seahorses grow and develop to maturity, then the cycle repeats itself.
An exergonic reaction (such as cellular respiration) is a reaction that loses energy during the process of the reaction. Activation energy (1) catalyzes the reaction to occur in a spontaneous manner. The progress of the reaction is shown by the line. The change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) in an exergonic reaction is a negative value because energy is lost (2).
1. This is a normal plant that has the sun positioned almost directly over the plant. During this time, the auxin (pink dots) that lies within the plant is evenly distributed. 2. The sun is now positioned at an angle to the plant. The repositioning of the sun causes the auxin to move the other side of the plant, and becomes more concentrated. This overload of auxin next to these cells causes them to start to grow or elongate. 3. This results in the the plant to look like it is growing toward the sun. 4. If the sun moves to the other side of the plant, the auxin would again move to the other side of the plant and become concentrated on the side of the plant that is farthest away from the sun. 5. The same growth or elongation of the cells on this side of plant would continue to grow towards the sun.
Crossing over occurs during meiosis I, and is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes. Crossing over is essential for the normal segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over also accounts for genetic variation, because due to the swapping of genetic material during crossing over, the chromatids held together by the centromere are no longer identical. So, when the chromosomes go on to meiosis II and separate, some of the daughter cells receive daughter chromosomes with recombined alleles. Due to this genetic recombination, the offspring have a different set of alleles and genes than their parents do. In the diagram, genes B and are a crossed over with each other, making the resulting recombinants after meiosis Ab, AB, ab, and aB.
Bacterial Transformation. In this image, a gene from bacterial cell 1 is moved from bacterial cell 1 to bacterial cell 2. This process of bacterial cell 2 taking up new genetic material is called transformation. Step I: The DNA of a bacterial cell is located in the nucleus (1), but also in the plasmid, an independent, circular loop of DNA. The gene to be transferred (4) is located on the plasmid of bacterial cell 1 (3), but not on the plasmid of bacterial cell 2 (2). In order to remove the gene from the plasmid of bacterial cell 1, a restriction enzyme (5) is used. The restriction enzyme binds to a specific site on the DNA and “cuts” it, releasing the satisfactory gene. Genes are naturally removed and released into the environment usually after a cell dies and disintegrates. Step II: Bacterial cell 2 takes up the gene. This integration of genetic material from the environment is an evolutionary tool and is common in bacterial cells. Step III: The enzyme DNA ligase (6) adds the gene to the plasmid of bacterial cell 2 by forming chemical bonds between the two segments which join them together.Step IV: The plasmid of bacterial cell 2 now contains the gene from bacterial cell 1 (7). The gene has been transferred from one bacterial cell to another, and transformation is complete.
The simplest unit of life is the atom, like oxygen. Two or more atoms is a molecule, like dioxide. Many molecules is a macromolecule, such as a phospholipid. Multiple macromolecules form a cell, like a Clara cell. A group of cells functioning together is a tissue, for example, Epithelial tissue. Different tissues make up an organ, like a lung. Organs work together to form an organ system, such as the Respiratory System. All of the organ systems make a living organism, like a lion. A group of the same organism living together in an area is a population, such as a pride of lions. Two or more populations interacting with each other form a community, for example, lion and zebra populations interacting with each other. Communities interacting not only with each other but also with the physical environment encompass an ecosystem, such as the Savanna ecosystem. All of the ecosystems make up the biosphere, the area of life on Earth.
Small crystals formed in kidney.The most common crystals are made of Calcium oxalate and they are generally 4-5 mmStaghorn Kidney Stones are considerably larger.1. Nucleation.. Calcium and Oxalate join together to make the crystal nidus.Supersaturation joins them together (as does inhibition.)There are two types of joining of crystals- Homogenous- same comp- Heterogenous- Cell debrisIt is depositied at the Renal Papilla ( I )2. Continued deposition at the Renal Papilla leads to growth of the kidney stones.Step 3: Aggregation: Is where kidney stones grow and collect debris. In the case where the kidney stones block all routes to the Renal Papillae this can cause severe discomfort.4:The complete staghorn forms and retention occurs.Retention: Smaller solids that break off can become trapped in the urinary glands causing discomfort.5: Displaced and travel through Uretha. If it can not be broken down it must be physically removed by a surgeon.
1) Shell 2) Yolk 3) Yolk Sac 4) Allantois 5) Embryo 6) Amniotic Fluid 7) Amniotic Membrane 8) Membrane
An endergonic reaction (such as photosynthesis) is a reaction that requires energy to drive the reaction. The activation energy is much larger than the requirement for the exergonic reaction because energy is consumed in the process of the reaction (1). Endergonic reactions are nonspontaneous. The progress of the reaction is shown by the line. The change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) in an endergonic reaction is a positive value because energy is gained (2).
A retrovirus has a membrane that contains glycoproteins, which are able to bind to a receptor protein on a host cell. Within the cell there are two strands of RNA that have three enzymes, protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase (1). The first step of replication is the binding of the glycoprotein to the receptor protein (2). Once these have been bound the cell membrane degrades and becomes part of the host cell, and the RNA strands and enzymes go into the cell (3). Within the cell, reverse transcriptase creates a complementary strand of DNA from the retrovirus RNA and the RNA is degraded, this strand of DNA is known as cDNA (4). The cDNA is then replicated, and the two strands form a weak bond and go into the nucleus (5). Once in the nucleus, the DNA is integrated into the host cells DNA with the help of integrase (6). This cell can either stay dormant, or RNA may be synthesized from the DNA and used to create the proteins for a new retrovirus (7). Ribosome units are used to transcribe the mRNA of the virus into the amino acid sequences which can be made into proteins in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. This step will also make viral enzymes and capsid proteins (8). Viral RNA will be made in the nucleus. These pieces are then gathered together and are pinched off of the cell membrane as a new retrovirus (9).
Ethylene permeates the membrane and binds to one of the receptors, ETR/ERS/EIN4, RTE1, or CTR1, located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The receptor releases the usually repressed EIN2. This then activates a series of signal transductions, such as EIN3 and EIL1. EIN3 directly binds to regulatory genes that eventually trigger an Ethylene response. The activated DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into a functional enzyme that is used for ethylene biosynthesis.The plant responses to ethylene are as follows: fruit ripening, flowers opening, and abscission. Key:1. Ethylene Gas (C2H4)2. Plasma Membrane3. Receptor: ETR/ERS/EIN4, RTE1, CTR14. Endoplasmic Reticulum5. CTR16. EIN27. EIN38. DNA9. mRNA10. HIS1 Differentiation and Growth and PDF1.2 Defence Response
Primary Succession. Primary succession is the development of soil and life in an area without topsoil. For primary succession to begin, an event must render an area void of plant life and soil. (1) After a volcano or glacial retreat, bare rocks are left. (2) Lichens and mosses grow on the rocks, then the rocks are slowly broken down as plants grow over them and a soil layer is formed from dead plant material. (#) Grass starts to grow with the lichen. (4) Taller grasses and perennials thrive. These species are replaced by new vegetation in the following succession, which happens gradually: (5) low shrubs, high shrubs, (6) shrub-trees, (7) short trees such as pines, and (8) high trees. The area eventually becomes covered in forest and remains that way. The succeeding plants do not all come at once, but as taller plants thrive, smaller plants are outcompeted as their light source is blocked by taller plants; they eventually die and are replaced by taller plants.
1. Male and female turtles age in the ocean and migrate to shallow coastal water. 2. Turtles mate in the water near offshore nesting sites. 3. The adult male turtles return to the feeding sites in the water. 4. Female turtles cycle between mating and nesting, making between 1 and 8 nests a per season. 5. Females lay their eggs, often between 50 and 200 at a time. 6. When the season is over, female turtles return to feeding sites. 7. Baby turtles mature for 60-80 days and hatch. 8. Newly hatched turtles emerge from nests and travel from the shore to the water, usually at night. 9. Baby turtles mature in the ocean until they are ready to begin the cycle again.
Diagram of a fish egg. A. Vitelline Membrane B. Chorion C. Yolk D. Oil Globule E. Perivitelline Space F. Embryo
1-Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem. 2-The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem. 3- Water leaves from the xylem into the spongy mesophyll, where it is evaporated out of the plant through the stomata.
As a nerve impulse travels down the axon, there is a change in polarity across the membrane. The Na+ and K+ gated ion channels open and close in response to a signal from another neuron. At the beginning of action potential, the Na+ gates open and Na+ moves into the axon. This is depolarization. Repolarization occurs when the K+ gates open and K+ moves outside the axon. This creates a change in polarity between the outside of the cell and the inside. The impulse continuously travels down the axon in one direction only, through the axon terminal and to other neurons.
Graph of phase change of water.
Diagram of types of muscle tissue. 1) Skeletal muscle cells are long tubular cells with striations (3) and multiple nuclei (4). The nuclei are embedded in the cell membrane (5) so that they are just inside the cell. This type of tissue occurs in the muscles that are attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles function in voluntary movements of the body. 2) Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped (6), and each cell has a single nucleus (7). Unlike skeletal muscle, there are no striations. Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and functions in the movement of substances in the lumens. They are primarily found in blood vessel walls and walls along the digestive tract. 3) Cardiac muscle cells branch off from each other, rather than remaining along each other like the cells in the skeletal and smooth muscle tissues. Because of this, there are junctions between adjacent cells (9). The cells have striations (8), and each cell has a single nucleus (10). This type of tissue occurs in the wall of the heart and its primary function is for pumping blood. This is an involuntary action.
English: The effect of temperature on the transpiration rate of plants. Español: El efecto de la temperatura del ambiente sobre la transpiración en las plantas.
English: The effect of leaf area on the transpiration rate of plants. Español: El efecto del área de las hojas sobre la transpiración en las plantas.
English: The effect of wind velocity on the transpiration rate of plants. Español: El efecto de la velocidad del viento sobre la transpiración en las plantas.
English: The effect of humidity on the transpiration rate of plants. Español: El efecto de la humedad del ambiente sobre la transpiración en las plantas.
This picture demonstrates the lateralization of the human brain. The left brain controls functions that have to do with logic and reason, while the right brain controls functions involving creativity and emotion.
Diagram of Lichen: 1. Algal cell 2. Fungal hyphae
The embryonic mesoderm germ layer will eventually become various adult vertebrate structures and systems. (musculoskeletal system; dermis of skin; lymphatic system, etc.) As the embryo develops, the cells of the mesoderm migrate to the longitudinal axis and combine with one another to form a notochord, which in some animals will be later replaced with a vertebral column. Causing them to be vertebrates.
Lead poisoning has many harmful effects on the body. Lower levels of lead poisoning effects relating to the brain include mood swings, headaches, difficulty sleeping, memory impairment, trouble with concentrating or learning, fatigue, aggressive behaviour, and reduced sensitivity. In the stomach area, lead poisoning causes kidney damage, stomach pains, constipation, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Hearing loss and reduced sensations also occur. Anemia and unusual paleness may also result from lead poisoning. These are somewhat mild symptoms.Higher levels of lead poisoning include vomiting, staggering walk, muscle weakness, seizures, coma, or death.1.Headaches, irritability, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, difficulty learning or concentrating, aggressive behaviour2. Stomach pain, constipation, vomiting, nausea, weight loss.3. Hearing loss4. Anemia, unusual paleness, slowed growth, seizures, coma, staggering walk5. Kidney damage, loss of appetite6. Reduced sensations7. Muscle weakness

Contributors

Add your user name here following my example. Just add this template with your username instead of the line: {{user|username}} and then, if your username is not identifiable, your real first name.

Ralph Walterberg (talk · contribs) - Braydon - Myelin Sheath Cross Section
Earthdirt (talk · contribs) - Chris (AKA Mr. Packard) - IMAGE TOPIC NAME HERE
Davidcarmack (talk · contribs) - David (AKA Mr. Carmuck) - Fermentation
Flowerchild207 (talk · contribs) - Elise Tilton - Fish Egg
Gsquared17 (talk · contribs) - Gabriel (AKA Mr. Gauvin) '"Development of Mesoderm"'
TheOperculum (talk · contribs) - Matt (AKA Sherlock Holmes)- Lichen
separe3g (talk · contribs) - Stephanie - Amphibian Egg
TheLAW14 (talk · contribs) - Linley - Plant Fertilization Cycle and Seed Development
flowerpower207 (talk · contribs)- Samantha- Monocot vs Dicot
MacKhayman (talk · contribs) - MacKenzie - Phototropism
caseylm95 (talk · contribs)- Casey McGuire - primary succession
Left & Right Brains (talk · contribs) - Jordan Brasslett & Rebecca Clements - Photosynthesis
provenzano15 (talk · contribs) - Zoey Provenzano - Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions
tweety207 (talk · contribs)- Elise N- "Nondisjunction"
catsloveme207 (talk · contribs) - Amelia- Reptile Eggs
Abbyprovenzano (talk · contribs) - Abby- chromosomal crossover
sprovenzano15 (talk · contribs) - Seraphina - bacterial transformation
kcheff13 (talk · contribs) - Katie "Sea Turtle Life Cycle"
darksmoke101 (talk · contribs) - Sian (AKA Ms. Brit) - "Staghorn Kidney Stones or Seahorse Courtship"
Doweexist42 (talk · contribs) - Karen- Difference between Peptide and Steroid Hormones (by function)
ashtonortiz (talk · contribs) - Ashton- Monotreme Eggs
Sb2chick (talk · contribs) - Kristen- Lead Poisoning
mrdavis21 (talk · contribs) - Mary- Life Cycle of a Retrovirus
mdunning13 (talk · contribs) - Matt- Muscle Tissue
Kbousfield (talk · contribs) - Kayla- Ethylene gas as a hormone in plants
Laurel_Jules (talk · contribs) - Laurel - Transpiration Overview
Laurenprue216 (talk · contribs) - Lauren P - Plant Diversity
chickensaresocute (talk · contribs) - Whitney B. - Left vs. Right Brain
lmackay2013 (talk · contribs) - Lydia - Opening and Closing of Stoma
mikala14 (talk · contribs) - Mikala - Levels of Organization
ksargent13 (talk · contribs) - Katlyn - Signal transduction
anchor207 (talk · contribs) - Kristian - Spermatogenesis
lbudd14 (talk · contribs) - Lauren B. - CFTR Protein
Zhaocarol (talk · contribs) - Carol Z - Composition of the Human Body
vxbreather (talk · contribs) - Patrick Davis (AKA Patty D AKA Patty Cakes) Seahorse Courtship & Reproduction
amunroe13 (talk · contribs) - Alyssa Munroe Artificial bacterial transformation
DGmann (talk · contribs) - Diego Grossmann Transpiration Graphs
laurentaylorj (talk · contribs) - Lauren J. "Action Potential"

Uploading

In order to complete the assignment and reap all the benefits of your hard work (such as a good grade) you MUST complete all of the following steps. If you need help, just ask.

How to, step by step

Step 1: Create a Wikipedia Global account by clicking "Login/create account" in the upper right hand corner of this page.
Step 2: Click here to use the WikiCommons File Upload Wizard
Step 3: If you didn't do it in the Wizard, categorize your image by adding a one or more [[Category:_______]] tags at the bottom of the page (fill in the name of the category in the _______.) You might use Category:Biology diagrams or something more specific like Category:Molecular biology or something else appropriate.
Step 4: If you didn't do it in the Wizard you should also now add your labels and your caption information in the description to your upload page in the Commons.
Step 5: Your image is now available in all Wiki Projects, including Wikipedia. So let's add it to the article! Go to the article you want to add your donated image to. In the top of the section of the article or the subheading you want to add the image to add something like this:

[[File:MY IMAGE NAME.png|right|thumb|200px|The [[caption]] of '''my image'''.]]
That's not too hard is it? For your caption you'll need to follow Wikipedia style and use some mark up to do this - it's kind of like a micro-essay. The [[ ]] creates a link to the given page on Wikipedia and the ''' ''' make the word bold, in Wikipedia it's appropriate to bold the title of the article the first time it's used in the text or in a caption."

Step 6: Wow you've done it! Now you just have to turn in your work by adding it to gallery in the section above here called "Contributions". Just follow the model I provided in the first entry. Your caption will likely have to be shorter than your description, see the style advice below.

Style guides

To get past the stumbling blocks of editing Wikipedia, articles will have to conform to the Wikipedia style guides. The largest barriers are:

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images - The basic overview of images (the Wikipedia:Picture tutorial is also useful.
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions - Writing a good caption may be harder than you think.
Wikipedia:Copyrights - Make sure to post a license on your image which releases all copyrights and makes it free use image AND don't use images from anywhere except the Commons if your image integrates other images.
Wikipedia:File names - Pick the right name for your file.
Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload - Pick the right file type (images created using entirely Google Draw should be saved as .SVG, whereas most other images you make will be saved as a .PNG in rare cases an a .JPG or .JPEG can be used)
Wikipedia:Uploading images or WikiCommons Uploading Images - Do it right the first time (or just use the Wizard).
Wikipedia:Ten things you may not know about images on Wikipedia - Kind of interesting.

You can always ask for help at:

The Graphics Lab or The SVG Help Page or The Help Desk or

Writing a good image caption

There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption:

clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious.
is succinct (that means short).
establishes the picture's relevance to the article.
provides context for the picture.
draws the reader into the article.

Different people read articles different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. For those readers, even if the information is adjacent in the text, they will not find it unless it is in the caption—but do not tell the whole story in the caption—use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.

Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have got nothing to say, then the image probably does not belong in the article.

Images for the lead

It is very common to use an appropriate representative image for the lead of an article, often as part of an infobox. The image helps to provide a visual association for the topic, and allows readers to quickly assess if they have arrived at the right page. For most topics, the selection of a lead image is plainly obvious: a photograph or artistic work of a person, photographs of a city, or a cover of a book or album, to name a few.

Image selection for other topics may be more difficult and several possible choices could be made. While Wikipedia is not censored, as outlined in the above section on offensive images, the selection of the lead image should be made with some care with respect to this advice. Lead images are loaded and shown upon navigating to the page, and are one of the first things that readers will see. Editors should avoid using images that readers would not have expected to see when navigating to the page. Unlike other content on a page that falls below the lead, the lead image should be chosen with these considerations in mind.

Some advice on selecting a lead image include the following:

Lead images should be images that are natural and appropriate visual representations of the topic; they not only should be illustrating the topic specifically, but should also be the type of image that is used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic.
Lead images should be selected to be of least shock value; if an alternative image exists that still is an accurate representation of the topic but without shock value, it should always be preferred. For example, using an image of deportees being subjected to selection as the lead image at this version of Holocaust is far preferable to the appropriate images that appear later in the article that show the treatment of the prisoners or corpses from the camps.
Sometimes it is impossible to avoid the use of a lead image with perceived shock value if the topic itself is of that nature, for example in articles on various parts of human genitalia. It should be anticipated, through Wikipedia:Content disclaimer, that readers will be aware they will be exposed to potentially shocking images when navigating to articles on such topics.

Planning and resources

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