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--> = stimulation
--| = inhibition

Pathways involved:

en:Growth factors
-->RTK en:Receptor tyrosine kinase
-->en:Grb2, SOS en:Son of Sevenless
-->en:Ras
-->Raf
-->MEK en:MAPK/ERK kinase
-->en:MAPK --> Jun, en:Mad:Max
-->ERK
-->Fos en:C-fos

MEK --> en:MEKK
--> en:Myc:Max

PLC en:phospholipase C
-->PKC en:protein kinase c
-->Raf

en:Ras
-->en:Cdc42
-->en:Rac
-->en:Rho

Mos en:c-Mos
-->MEK en:MAPK/ERK kinase

ECM en:Extracellular matrix
-->en:Integrins

Integrins
-->en:Cdc42
-->en:PI3K
-->en:Rac
-->en:JNK
-->Jun

Integrins
-->en:FAK Src
-->Cas en:CRK-associated substrate
-->en:CRK

Integrins
-->Fyn Shc en:Src homology 2 domain-containing
-->en:Ras

MKKs
-->en:JNKs

Hormones,
e.g.
en:bombesin
-->en:7TM-receptor
-->G-prot en:G-protein
-->en:Ras, en:PI3K, Ad cycl en:Adenylate cyclase
-->PKA en:protein kinase A
-->en:CREB

e.g. en:estrogen
-->en:NHR

Survival factors
e.g.
en:IGF1
-->RTK en:Receptor tyrosine kinase
-->en:PI3K
-->PKC en:Protein kinase C
-->en:NF-kB

PI3K
-->en:Akt
-->Akka en:Akk-alpha
-->en:IκB
-->NF-kB

Cytokines
-->Cytokine R en:Cytokine-Receptor
-->en:Jaks
-->Stats
-->Bcl XL
--|en:cytochrome c

Abnormality sensor e.g.
Bim
-->Mt en:Mitochondria
-->en:cytochrome c
-->casp9 en:caspase 9
-->en:apoptosis

Akt
--|Bad en:Bcl-2-associated death promoter
--> Mt en:Mitochondria

en:Decoy Receptor
--|en:Death factors

e.g.
FasL en:Fas ligand
-->Fas
-->en:FADD
-->en:caspase 8
-->apoptosis

caspase 8
-->en:Bld
-->Mt en:Mitochondria
-->apoptosis

FAP en:Fas-associated phosphatase
--|Fas

Changes in gene expression
-->ARF
--|en:MDM2
--|en:p53
-->Bax
-->Mt en:Mitochondria
-->apoptosis

Antigrowth factors
e.g.
en:TGFβ
-->TGFβR en:TGFβ receptors
-->en:Smads
-->p15, p27]], p21

p15
--|cycl D en:Cyclin D CDK4 en:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
--|Rb en:Retinoblastoma protein
--|en:E2F

p21
--|cycl E en:Cyclin E CDK2 en:Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

en:HPVE7 --|Rb en:Retinoblastoma protein

Hedgehog
--|Patched
-->en:Smoothened
-->Gil
-->Changes in gene expression

en:Sufu
--> Gil

Wnt
-->en:Frizzled
-->Dishevelled
-->en:GSK-3β
-->APC
-->en:β-catenin

β-catenin + TCF en:T-cell factor
--> Gene expression

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• 2007-03-22 23:24 Roadnottaken 1858×1364×8 (259189 bytes) new version of old figure. self-made in illustrator. contact me for .AI file ~~~~
• 2007-03-22 23:18 Roadnottaken 1858×1364×8 (258214 bytes) fixed error in old figure. self-made in illustrator. (contact me for .AI file) ~~~~
• 2007-03-22 23:14 Roadnottaken 1858×1364×8 (251473 bytes) new version of old figure self-made in illustrator.