Jump to content

File:Peano-9.pdf

Page contents not supported in other languages.
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Original file (1,770 × 677 pixels, file size: 13 KB, MIME type: application/pdf)

Summary

Description
English: Nonstandard-model of the Peano axioms, except for axiom 9 (induction). The horizontal vectors at the bottom denote the standard part, i.e. zero (leftmost, shown in glaring red) and its infinitely many -direct and indirect- successors. However, there is an additial nonstandard ("junk") part, viz. the cycle at the top, consisting of 48 members, none of which are reachable from zero via successor application. — See File:Domino effect visualizing exclusion of junk term by induction axiom.jpg for a 3d-graphic of the corrersponding domino effect. — See File:Peano-7.pdf and File:Peano-8.pdf for a nonstandard model violating just Peano axiom 7 and 8, respectively.
Date
Source Own work
Author Jochen Burghardt
LaTeX source code
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[pdftex]{color}
\usepackage[paperwidth=300mm,paperheight=115mm]{geometry}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-36mm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{300mm}
\setlength{\textheight}{115mm}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-23mm}
\setlength{\parindent}{0cm}
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.1mm}
\pagestyle{empty}

\definecolor{cMemZ}     {rgb}{0.90,0.00,0.00}   % zero

\definecolor{cMem0}     {rgb}{0.50,0.00,0.00}   % member
\definecolor{cMem1}     {rgb}{0.55,0.10,0.10}   % member
\definecolor{cMem2}     {rgb}{0.60,0.20,0.20}   % member
\definecolor{cMem3}     {rgb}{0.65,0.30,0.30}   % member
\definecolor{cMem4}     {rgb}{0.70,0.40,0.40}   % member
\definecolor{cMem5}     {rgb}{0.75,0.50,0.50}   % member
\definecolor{cMem6}     {rgb}{0.80,0.60,0.60}   % member
\definecolor{cMem7}     {rgb}{0.85,0.70,0.70}   % member
\definecolor{cMem8}     {rgb}{0.90,0.80,0.80}   % member
\definecolor{cMem9}     {rgb}{0.95,0.90,0.90}   % member (... fade out into infinity)

\definecolor{cMap0}     {rgb}{0.00,0.00,0.00}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap1}     {rgb}{0.10,0.10,0.10}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap2}     {rgb}{0.20,0.20,0.20}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap3}     {rgb}{0.30,0.30,0.30}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap4}     {rgb}{0.40,0.40,0.40}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap5}     {rgb}{0.50,0.50,0.50}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap6}     {rgb}{0.60,0.60,0.60}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap7}     {rgb}{0.70,0.70,0.70}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap8}     {rgb}{0.80,0.80,0.80}   % map arrow
\definecolor{cMap9}     {rgb}{0.90,0.90,0.90}   % map arrow  (... fade out into infinity)

\begin{document}
\begin{picture}(2950,1100)

% standard part map arrows:
\textcolor{cMap0}{\multiput(50.000,50.000)(100.000,0.000){10}{\vector(1,0){100.000}}}%
% fading out...
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1050.000,50.000){\vector(1,0){100.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1150.000,50.000){\vector(1,0){96.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1246.000,50.000){\vector(1,0){92.160}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1338.160,50.000){\vector(1,0){88.474}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1426.634,50.000){\vector(1,0){84.935}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1511.568,50.000){\vector(1,0){81.537}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1593.106,50.000){\vector(1,0){78.276}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1671.381,50.000){\vector(1,0){75.145}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1746.526,50.000){\vector(1,0){72.139}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1818.665,50.000){\vector(1,0){69.253}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1887.918,50.000){\vector(1,0){66.483}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1954.402,50.000){\vector(1,0){63.824}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2018.226,50.000){\vector(1,0){61.271}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2079.497,50.000){\vector(1,0){58.820}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2138.317,50.000){\vector(1,0){56.467}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2194.784,50.000){\vector(1,0){54.209}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2248.993,50.000){\vector(1,0){52.040}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2301.033,50.000){\vector(1,0){49.959}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2350.992,50.000){\vector(1,0){47.960}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2398.952,50.000){\vector(1,0){46.042}}}%
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(2444.994,50.000){\vector(1,0){44.200}}}%
\textcolor{cMap1}{\put(2489.194,50.000){\vector(1,0){42.432}}}%
\textcolor{cMap2}{\put(2531.626,50.000){\vector(1,0){40.735}}}%
\textcolor{cMap3}{\put(2572.361,50.000){\vector(1,0){39.106}}}%
\textcolor{cMap4}{\put(2611.467,50.000){\vector(1,0){37.541}}}%
\textcolor{cMap5}{\put(2649.008,50.000){\vector(1,0){36.040}}}%
\textcolor{cMap6}{\put(2685.048,50.000){\vector(1,0){34.598}}}%
\textcolor{cMap7}{\put(2719.646,50.000){\vector(1,0){33.214}}}%
\textcolor{cMap8}{\put(2752.860,50.000){\vector(1,0){31.886}}}%
\textcolor{cMap9}{\put(2784.746,50.000){\vector(1,0){30.610}}}%

% standard part members:
\textcolor{cMemZ}{\put(50.000,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\multiput(150.000,50.000)(100.000,0.000){9}{\circle*{10.000}}}%
% fading out ...
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1050.000,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1150.000,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1246.000,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1338.160,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1426.634,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1511.568,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1593.106,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1671.381,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1746.526,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1818.665,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1887.918,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1954.402,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2018.226,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2079.497,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2138.317,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2194.784,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2248.993,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2301.033,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2350.992,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2398.952,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(2444.994,50.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem1}{\put(2489.194,50.000){\circle*{9.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem2}{\put(2531.626,50.000){\circle*{9.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem3}{\put(2572.361,50.000){\circle*{8.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem4}{\put(2611.467,50.000){\circle*{8.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem5}{\put(2649.008,50.000){\circle*{7.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem6}{\put(2685.048,50.000){\circle*{7.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem7}{\put(2719.646,50.000){\circle*{6.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem8}{\put(2752.860,50.000){\circle*{6.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem9}{\put(2784.746,50.000){\circle*{1.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem9}{\put(2815.356,50.000){\circle*{1.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem9}{\put(2844.742,50.000){\circle*{1.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem9}{\put(2872.952,50.000){\circle*{1.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem9}{\put(2900.034,50.000){\circle*{1.000}}}%

% nonstandard part map arrows
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1520.000,212.000){\vector(1,0){48.000}}}% +12,+0
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1568.000,212.000){\vector(4,1){48.000}}}% +12,+3
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1616.000,224.000){\vector(3,1){48.000}}}% +12,+4
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1664.000,240.000){\vector(2,1){48.000}}}% +12,+6
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1712.000,264.000){\vector(3,2){48.000}}}% +12,+8
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1760.000,296.000){\vector(4,3){48.000}}}% +12,+9
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1808.000,332.000){\vector(1,1){48.000}}}% +12,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1856.000,380.000){\vector(3,4){36.000}}}% +9,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1892.000,428.000){\vector(2,3){32.000}}}% +8,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1924.000,476.000){\vector(1,2){24.000}}}% +6,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1948.000,524.000){\vector(1,3){16.000}}}% +4,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1964.000,572.000){\vector(1,4){12.000}}}% +3,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1976.000,620.000){\vector(0,1){48.000}}}% +0,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1976.000,668.000){\vector(-1,4){12.000}}}% -3,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1964.000,716.000){\vector(-1,3){16.000}}}% -4,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1948.000,764.000){\vector(-1,2){24.000}}}% -6,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1924.000,812.000){\vector(-2,3){32.000}}}% -8,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1892.000,860.000){\vector(-3,4){36.000}}}% -9,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1856.000,908.000){\vector(-1,1){48.000}}}% -12,+12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1808.000,956.000){\vector(-4,3){48.000}}}% -12,+9
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1760.000,992.000){\vector(-3,2){48.000}}}% -12,+8
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1712.000,1024.000){\vector(-2,1){48.000}}}% -12,+6
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1664.000,1048.000){\vector(-3,1){48.000}}}% -12,+4
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1616.000,1064.000){\vector(-4,1){48.000}}}% -12,+3
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1568.000,1076.000){\vector(-1,0){48.000}}}% -12,+0
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1520.000,1076.000){\vector(-4,-1){48.000}}}% -12,-3
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1472.000,1064.000){\vector(-3,-1){48.000}}}% -12,-4
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1424.000,1048.000){\vector(-2,-1){48.000}}}% -12,-6
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1376.000,1024.000){\vector(-3,-2){48.000}}}% -12,-8
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1328.000,992.000){\vector(-4,-3){48.000}}}% -12,-9
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1280.000,956.000){\vector(-1,-1){48.000}}}% -12,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1232.000,908.000){\vector(-3,-4){36.000}}}% -9,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1196.000,860.000){\vector(-2,-3){32.000}}}% -8,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1164.000,812.000){\vector(-1,-2){24.000}}}% -6,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1140.000,764.000){\vector(-1,-3){16.000}}}% -4,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1124.000,716.000){\vector(-1,-4){12.000}}}% -3,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1112.000,668.000){\vector(0,-1){48.000}}}% +0,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1112.000,620.000){\vector(1,-4){12.000}}}% +3,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1124.000,572.000){\vector(1,-3){16.000}}}% +4,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1140.000,524.000){\vector(1,-2){24.000}}}% +6,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1164.000,476.000){\vector(2,-3){32.000}}}% +8,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1196.000,428.000){\vector(3,-4){36.000}}}% +9,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1232.000,380.000){\vector(1,-1){48.000}}}% +12,-12
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1280.000,332.000){\vector(4,-3){48.000}}}% +12,-9
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1328.000,296.000){\vector(3,-2){48.000}}}% +12,-8
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1376.000,264.000){\vector(2,-1){48.000}}}% +12,-6
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1424.000,240.000){\vector(3,-1){48.000}}}% +12,-4
\textcolor{cMap0}{\put(1472.000,224.000){\vector(4,-1){48.000}}}% +12,-3
% nonstandard part members
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1520.000,212.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1568.000,212.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1616.000,224.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1664.000,240.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1712.000,264.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1760.000,296.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1808.000,332.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1856.000,380.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1892.000,428.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1924.000,476.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1948.000,524.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1964.000,572.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1976.000,620.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1976.000,668.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1964.000,716.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1948.000,764.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1924.000,812.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1892.000,860.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1856.000,908.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1808.000,956.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1760.000,992.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1712.000,1024.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1664.000,1048.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1616.000,1064.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1568.000,1076.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1520.000,1076.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1472.000,1064.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1424.000,1048.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1376.000,1024.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1328.000,992.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1280.000,956.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1232.000,908.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1196.000,860.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1164.000,812.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1140.000,764.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1124.000,716.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1112.000,668.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1112.000,620.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1124.000,572.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1140.000,524.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1164.000,476.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1196.000,428.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1232.000,380.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1280.000,332.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1328.000,296.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1376.000,264.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1424.000,240.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\textcolor{cMem0}{\put(1472.000,224.000){\circle*{10.000}}}%
\end{picture}
\end{document}

Licensing

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
You are free:
  • to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
  • to remix – to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
  • attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.

Captions

Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

21 February 2015

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current15:56, 21 February 2015Thumbnail for version as of 15:56, 21 February 20151,770 × 677 (13 KB)Jochen BurghardtUser created page with UploadWizard
No pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed).

Metadata