English: Illustration of electron (e-) collisions with mercury (Hg) atoms in the Franck-Hertz experiment. Slowly traveling electrons undergo elastic collisions, which change the electron's direction of motion. Elastic collisions don't affect the electron's speed or the mercury atom. Electrons with higher speeds lose most of their speed in inelastic collisions, and deposit their lost energy within the atom. Shortly afterward, the atom emits light that carries away the deposited energy.
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