English: Map of Islamic Syria (Bilad al-Sham) under the Rashidun caliphs Umar and Uthman. The map shows the approximate boundaries of Syria's military districts before their reorganization during the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the region's major towns during this period, and the territories of the major resident Arab tribes before the mass tribal migrations from Arabia during the governorship of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (639-661).
Sources for tribes and approximate district boundaries:
Hinds, M. (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268. ISBN90-04-09419-9.
Sourdel, D. (1965). "Filasṭīn — I. Palestine under Islamic Rule". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 910–913. ISBN90-04-07026-5.
to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to remix – to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.