Jump to content

Farhad Khan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nizam-e-Zamanah
Farhad Khan
Thanadar of Bhalwa (Noakhali)
In office
1665-1670
MonarchAurangzeb
GovernorShah Shuja
Faujdar of Sylhet
In office
1670-1678, 1679-1688
GovernorShaista Khan
Preceded byMahafata Khan
Succeeded bySadeq Khan
Faujdar of Islamabad (Chittagong)
In office
1678-1679
GovernorMuhammad Azam Shah
Preceded byBuzurg Umed Khan
Succeeded byJafar Khan
Mughal-Arakanese battle on the Karnaphuli River in 1666

Farhād Khān (Persian: فرهاد خان, Bengali: ফরহাদ খাঁ), also known as Nizam-e-Zamanah (Bengali: নিজাম-ই-জমানা) or Nizam-e-Zaman (Persian: نظام زمان), was a Mughal military strategist who had many positions throughout his life.[1] He was the most well-known Faujdar of Sylhet Sarkar, governing in the late 17th century during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.[2][3][4] He was renowned for the construction of numerous bridges and places of worship in the region.[5]

Career

[edit]
Khan's Sylhet Shahi Eidgah, would later become the battlefield of the 1782 Muharram Rebellion.

Farhad was the thanadar of Bhalwa (Noakhali).[6] In the 1665 Conquest of Chittagong, the Firingis led by Captain Moor set fire to Arakanese fleets and fled to Bhalwa (Noakhali) where Farhad gave them refuge. Farhad later sent them off to the Subahdar of Bengal Shaista Khan in Jahangirnagar. In response, the Subahdar launched a December expedition led by his son Buzurg Umed Khan and ordered Farhad to join the fleet of Ibn Husayn and Zamindar Munawwar Khan. Shaista Khan also ordered Mir Murtaza, the superintendent of artillery, to join and protect Farhad. On 2 January, the fleet split ways with Farhad and Murtaza going through land with the other leaders going through the river. Following the successful conquest, Farhad was awarded with a rank as a mansabdar of Hazar-o-Pansadi (1500 soldiers under his command) and 350 horses.[7][8][9]

In 1670, Farhad became the faujdar of Sylhet succeeding Mahafata Khan. In the same year, he granted 27.25 hals of land to Syed Muhammad Najat Khan of Sylhet, whose heir was Ahsanullah, in the parganas of Kauria and Atuajan. Farhad built the single-domed Bara Gambuz hall south of Shah Jalal's Dargah in 1677.[4] It has octagonal towers on its four corners and arched openings. The eastern facade of the mosque has a large central arched entrance and two smaller arched entrances, one on either side of the main entrance. The inscription is on the top of the main flat-arched entrance.[10] Farhad was also responsible for the construction of a three-domed mosque and Shah Jalal dargah complex, in 1678, south of the Bara Gambuz.[11] Farhad appointed a descendant of Shams ad-Din Kamali as the imam of the mosque, who would later become a mufti and found the Mufti Family of Sylhet.[12]

In 1678, Khan gifted 5.75 haals of land to Ratneshwar Chakraborty in Longla Pargana. He also granted land to Ramapati Chakrabarti, father of Srikrishna Chakrabarty of Ita, in Alinagar Pargana as well as giving land in Bejura Pargana to Ramkanta Chakrabarti of Qasimnagar, whose heir was Balaram Bisharad.[13] In 1684, Khan built another mosque in Raihusayn Mahalla (Rainagar).[14] The ruins of another mosque established by Khan can also be seen south-west of Dargah Mahalla (west of the former Sylhet Police lines during the British rule).[15] In 1688, he built the Gualichorra Bridge.[16]

Farhad Khan left Sylhet for a short while in 1678. He served as the 5th faujdar of Chittagong (then known as Islamabad) with Husayn Quli Khan as his Dewan and Mir Jafar as his Bakshi. Ghatforhadbeg (Ghat Farhad Beg), a ghat which used to be on the Karnaphuli is named after him.[17] He returned to Sylhet in 1689.[18]

Khan established the Sylhet Shahi Eidgah, the largest eidgah of its kind in the region.[19][20][21][22] The bridge located in Mirabazar-Shibganj road is still known as Farhad Khaner Pul (Farhad Khan's bridge) today.[23] The bridge over Mulnicherra was also built by Khan.[11]

Deputies

[edit]

Farhad Khan had a number of naib-faujdars who would also, like Khan, grant land to residents in Sylhet. They held the title of Nawab. Nawab Syed Muhammad Ali Khan Qaimjung, Naib in 1680, granted land to zamindars such as Jamabakhsh Faqir of Chowallish in 1680, Ramshankar Bhattacharya of Shamshernagar, Kalikanta Chakrabarty of Panchakhanda, Gangadhar Sharma of Baniachong and Ramchandra Chakrabarti of Pathariya. Nawab Nasrullah Khan, Naib in 1683, granted land to Pandit Ramgovinda Bhattacharjee in Chowallish.[24] In 1685, Nawab Abd ar-Rahman Khan was the Naib-Faujdar.[15]

Political offices
Preceded by
 Thanadar of Bhalwa (Noakhali)
1665-1670 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Faujdar of Sylhet
1670-1678, 1679-1688 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Buzurg Umed Khan
 Faujdar of Islamabad
1678-1679 		Succeeded by
Jafar Khan

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chowdhury, Abdul Hoque (1989). চট্টগ্রাম-আরাকান (in Bengali). Kathamala Prakashana.
  2. ^ Bangladesh population census. Vol. 20. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance & Planning. 1981. p. xxiv.
  3. ^ Jobrul Alom Shumon (25 August 2015). ইতিহাস ঐতিহ্যে আমাদের সিলেট-পর্ব ০৩ [The tradition and history of our Sylhet - Part 03] (in Bengali). SBDNews24.com. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  4. ^ a b "District census report". Population Census of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning. 1974. p. 16 and 32.
  5. ^ E M Lewis (1868). "Sylhet District". Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division. Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press Company. pp. 66–67.
  6. ^ Population Census of Noakhali. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning. 1974. p. 12.
  7. ^ "3. The Feringhees of Chittagong". The Calcutta Review. Vol. 53. University of Calcutta. 1871. p. 74.
  8. ^ M Noorul Haq (1977). বৃহত্তর চট্টলা. p. 66.
  9. ^ Ghulam Husain Salim (1902–1904). Riyazu-s-salatin; a history of Bengal. Translated from the original Persian by Maulavi Abdus Salam. Calcutta Asiatic Society. pp. 230–231.
  10. ^ Begum, Ayesha (1999). "Architectural Heritage of Sylhet". In Ahmed, Sharif Uddin (ed.). Sylhet: History and Heritage. Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. p. 653. ISBN 984-31-0478-1.
  11. ^ a b East Pakistan District Gazetteers: Sylhet. East Pakistan Government Press. 1970. p. 110.
  12. ^ Chowdhury, Mujibur Rahman (2 October 2019). গৌড়-বঙ্গে মুসলিম বিজয় এবং সুফি-সাধকদের কথা (in Bengali). Sylheter Dak. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  13. ^ Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1916]. Srihatter Itibritta: Uttorangsho (in Bengali). Kolkata: Kotha. p. 190.
  14. ^ Gait, Edward Albert (1897). Report on the Progress of the Historical Research in Assam. Shillong: Assam Secretariat Print. Office. p. 9.
  15. ^ a b Syed Mohammad Ali (1900). "A chronology of Muslim faujdars of Sylhet". The Proceedings Of The All Pakistan History Conference. Vol. 1. Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 280–281.
  16. ^ Ali Ahmad. "Vide". Journal of Assam Research Society. VIII: 26.
  17. ^ The Tempest: A Monthly Review of National Affairs. Vol. 3. 1968. p. 37.
  18. ^ Syed Murtaza Ali (1964). History of Chittagong. Standard Publishers. p. 67.
  19. ^ Mahmood, Anis (30 May 2019). সিলেটের শাহি ঈদগাহ (in Bengali).
  20. ^ শাহী-ঈদগাহ - সিলেট জেলা. Sylhet Government (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  21. ^ Syed Murtaza Ali (1965). History of Hazrat Shahjalal and Sylhet.
  22. ^ 'Abd al-Haqq, Muhammad (15 May 2019). ঐতিহ্যের সিলেট (in Bengali). Sylheter Dak.
  23. ^ Siddiquee, Iqbal (30 September 2006). "Shahi Eidgah - 300 Year Old Historical Structure". The Daily Star. Sylhet. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  24. ^ Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1910]. Srihatter Itibritta: Purbangsho. Kolkata: Kotha.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farhad_Khan&oldid=1252632749"