Fang Weiyi

Fang Weiyi (1585-1668, 方維儀), was a Chinese poet, calligrapher, painter and literature historian.^[1]^[2]

Biography

Source:^[3]

Fang Weiyi was the daughter of the landowner and aristocrat courtier Fang Dahzen (d. 1629). Her sister Fang Mengshi, and her female cousin Fang Weize, were also to be known as poets.^[1] At age seventeen, she married Yao Sunqi (d. 1602) and had a daughter, but within the year, both her husband and daughter died. She returned to her family, where she assisted her sister-in-law in raising her nephew, the philosopher Fang Yizhi (d. 1671).^[4] Afterwards, both she and her sister, who had also been widowed, lived together in their parents' home, and some of their poems reflect these experiences of widowhood, such as in Fang Weiyi's poem "Sorrows of the Heart".^[5]^[4]

She was a skilled calligrapher, and known as a landscape painter. As a poet, she was known for her mastery of all forms, which she used to describe the contemporary political and social instability, as well as more personal subjects of sorrow and loss.^[5]^[6]

She published three anthologies of literature focused on female writers; her works included the Gonggui-shishi (History of Poetry in Palace and Boudoir).^[7]^[8] She also published a work about women's role in Confucianism. She and her sister were long referred to as ideal Confucian women role models by Confucians. This was however somewhat of a paradox, as the Confucian female ideal was a woman who did not, participate in public debate, but restricted themselves to the domestic sphere - very unlike Fang Weiyi's character.

References

^ ^a ^b Widmer, Ellen (2015-01-01), "20 Letters as Windows on Ming-Qing Women's Literary Culture", A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture, Brill, pp. 744–774, ISBN 978-90-04-29212-3, retrieved 2024-02-08
^ Gao, Bingqing (2010). "A Brief Discussion on the Themes of Women's Embroidery in the Ming and Qing Dynasties". philpapers.org. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
^ Ko, Dorothy (1992). "Pursuing Talent and Virtue: Education and Women's Culture in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century China". Late Imperial China. 13 (1): 9–39. doi:10.1353/late.1992.0002. ISSN 1086-3257. S2CID 143785268.
^ ^a ^b Chang, Kang-I. Sun (2002-01-01), "MING-QINGWOMEN POETS AND CULTURAL ANDROGYNY", Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature, Brill, pp. 21–31, ISBN 978-90-04-33398-7, retrieved 2024-02-08
^ ^a ^b Chang, Kang-I-Sun (2012). "The Literary Voice of Widow Poets in the Ming and Qing". Ming Qing Studies 2012.
^ Fong, G.; Widmer, E. (2010-01-01), "Chapter Nine. The Lady And The State: Women's Writings In Times Of Trouble During The Nineteenth Century (Susan Mann)", The Inner Quarters and Beyond, Brill, pp. 281–313, ISBN 978-90-04-19026-9, retrieved 2024-02-08
^ Berg, Daria (2007-01-01), "Chapter Eight. Female self-fashioning in late imperial China: How the gentlewoman and the courtesan edited her story and rewrote hi/story", Reading China, Brill, pp. 238–290, ISBN 978-90-474-1146-8, retrieved 2024-02-08
^ Chen, Jiani (2023-09-07). "Entering Anthologies with Names: The First Generation of Courtesan Poets in Ming Dynasty Nanjing". T'oung Pao. 109 (3–4): 395–424. doi:10.1163/15685322-10903001. ISSN 0082-5433. S2CID 261671696.

Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644

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[:0-1] Widmer, Ellen (2015-01-01), "20 Letters as Windows on Ming-Qing Women's Literary Culture", A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture, Brill, pp. 744–774, ISBN 978-90-04-29212-3, retrieved 2024-02-08

[2] Gao, Bingqing (2010). "A Brief Discussion on the Themes of Women's Embroidery in the Ming and Qing Dynasties". philpapers.org. Retrieved 2024-02-08.

[3] Ko, Dorothy (1992). "Pursuing Talent and Virtue: Education and Women's Culture in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century China". Late Imperial China. 13 (1): 9–39. doi:10.1353/late.1992.0002. ISSN 1086-3257. S2CID 143785268.

[:1-4] Chang, Kang-I. Sun (2002-01-01), "MING-QINGWOMEN POETS AND CULTURAL ANDROGYNY", Feminism/Femininity in Chinese Literature, Brill, pp. 21–31, ISBN 978-90-04-33398-7, retrieved 2024-02-08

[:2-5] Chang, Kang-I-Sun (2012). "The Literary Voice of Widow Poets in the Ming and Qing". Ming Qing Studies 2012.

[6] Fong, G.; Widmer, E. (2010-01-01), "Chapter Nine. The Lady And The State: Women's Writings In Times Of Trouble During The Nineteenth Century (Susan Mann)", The Inner Quarters and Beyond, Brill, pp. 281–313, ISBN 978-90-04-19026-9, retrieved 2024-02-08

[7] Berg, Daria (2007-01-01), "Chapter Eight. Female self-fashioning in late imperial China: How the gentlewoman and the courtesan edited her story and rewrote hi/story", Reading China, Brill, pp. 238–290, ISBN 978-90-474-1146-8, retrieved 2024-02-08

[8] Chen, Jiani (2023-09-07). "Entering Anthologies with Names: The First Generation of Courtesan Poets in Ming Dynasty Nanjing". T'oung Pao. 109 (3–4): 395–424. doi:10.1163/15685322-10903001. ISSN 0082-5433. S2CID 261671696.

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