Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine dependence is a standard instrument for assessing the intensity of addiction to nicotine. It evaluates the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence. In addition to this, the DSM-5 for tobacco use disorder can be used by physicians and nurse practitioners to make a diagnosis.[citation needed]
Information
[edit]Two of the questions are rated between zero to three including: How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette? and How many cigarettes per day do you smoke? The rest of the questions are answered "yes" or "no".[1][2][3]
The higher the total Fagerström score, the more intense is the patient's physical dependence to nicotine. In many countries nurses and pharmacists can use Fagerström to assess nicotine use and may initiate Nicotine Replacement Therapy.[4][5][6]
References
[edit]- ^ Afzal, Zubair; Pogge, Elizabeth; Boomershine, Virginia (August 1, 2017). "Evaluation of a Pharmacist and Nurse Practitioner Smoking Cessation Program". Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 30 (4): 406–411. doi:10.1177/0897190016659221. PMID 27443829. S2CID 22036528 – via SAGE Journals.
- ^ Deeks, Louise S.; Kosari, Sam; Develin, Anne; Peterson, Gregory M.; Naunton, Mark (September 29, 2019). "Smoking cessation and the general practice pharmacist". Journal of Smoking Cessation. 14 (3): 186–189. doi:10.1017/jsc.2019.3.
- ^ "Nicotine: Everything You Need to Know". ecigator.com. 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
- ^ Bakan, Ayse Berivan; Aktas, Betül; Aslan, Gülpınar (September 29, 2021). "Identification of the relationship between nicotine dependence levels and cessation fatigue". Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 57 (3): 1482–1488. doi:10.1111/ppc.12715. PMID 33355933. S2CID 229687686.
- ^ KRÁLÍKOVÁ, E.; KMEŤOVÁ, A.; ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, L.; ZVOLSKÁ, K.; FELBROVÁ, V.; KULOVANÁ, S.; BORTLÍČEK, Z.; BLAHA, M.; FRASER, K. (15 November 2014). "Tobacco Dependence, the Most Important Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Treatment in the Czech Republic". Physiological Research. 63 (Suppl 3): S361–S368. doi:10.33549/physiolres.932864. ISSN 1802-9973. PMID 25428741.
- ^ Suchanek Hudmon, Karen; CORELLI, ROBIN L.; Chung, Eunice; Gundersen, Berit; Kroon, Lisa A.; Sakamoto, Leanne M.; Hemberger, Kymberli K.; Fenlon, Christine; Prokhorov, Alexander V (September 1, 2003). "Development and Implementation of a Tobacco Cessation Training Program for Students in the Health Professions". Journal of Cancer Education. 18 (3): 142–149. doi:10.1207/S15430154JCE1803_07. PMID 14512261 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
This article incorporates public domain material from Instrument: Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (FTND). National Institutes of Health.