Jump to content

FREMM multipurpose frigate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from FREMM Multipurpose frigate)

Italian FREMM frigate Carlo Bergamini (F590)
Class overview
NameFREMM
Builders
Operators
Preceded by
SubclassesConstellation class
(United States)
Cost
  • France: €670 million (2014)[1] per unit
  • Italy: €598 million (2016)[2] per unit
  • Morocco: €470 million (2014)[2] per unit
  • USA: US$795 million (2020)[3] for the first unit
BuiltSince 2007
In commissionSince 2012
Planned59 (France: 17, Italy: 12, Morocco: 1, Egypt: 5, US: 20, Indonesia: 6)
Cancelled9 (France)
Active20 (Italy: 8, France: 8, Morocco: 1, Egypt: 3)
General characteristics
TypeFrigate or destroyer
Displacement
  • France: 6,000 t (5,900 long tons)[4]
  • Italy: 6,700 t (6,600 long tons)[5] (5,500 tonnes, light displacement)
Length
  • France: 142 m (465 ft 11 in) LOA
  • Italy: 144.6 m (474 ft 5 in) LOA
  • Italy: 132.5 m (434 ft 9 in) LPP[6]
Beam
  • France: 20 m (65 ft 7 in)
  • Italy: 19.7 m (64 ft 8 in)
Draught
  • France: 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
  • Italy: 8.7 m (28 ft 7 in)
Propulsion
Speed
  • France: In excess of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
  • Italy: In excess of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range
  • France: 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
  • Italy: 6,800 nmi (12,600 km; 7,800 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement
  • France: 145
  • Italy: 199 GP version / 201 ASW version
Crew
  • France: 123 crew on average including the air crew
  • Italy: 131 GP version / 133 ASW version; add 14 crew for one helo on board or add 23 crew for two helicopters on board
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament
  • Anti-air missiles:
  • France: 4 FREMM-ASW (Aquitaine, Provence, Languedoc, Auvergne) with 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A43 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 missiles; 2 FREMM-ASW (Bretagne and Normandie) fitted with 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 or 30 missiles; 2 FREMM-AAW (Alsace and Lorraine) fitted with 32-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 32 MBDA Aster 15 or 30 missiles.[9]
  • Italy: 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 and 30 missiles
  • Guns:
  • France: 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm SR gun
  • Italy: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 Davide/Strales guns (FREMM-ASW variant)
  • 1 × Leonardo Otobreda 127/64 Vulcano and 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 Davide/Strales gun (FREMM-GP variant)
  • Small guns:
  • France: 3 × Nexter 20 mm Narwhal remote weapon systems
  • Italy: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 25/80 turret with Oerlikon KBA 25mm as remote weapon station
  • Anti-ship missiles:
  • France: 8 × MBDA Exocet MM40 Block 3 anti-ship missiles (Block 3c variant entering service with the French Navy from December 2022)[10]
  • Italy: GP variant 8 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A anti-ship and land attack missiles; ASW variant 4 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A and 4 × MBDA MILAS anti-submarine missiles
  • Land-attack cruise missiles:
  • France: 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A70 VLS for 16 MBDA MdCN land-attack cruise missiles (not fitted to two French AAW variants)[9]
  • Anti-submarine warfare:
  • France: 2 × double Leonardo (WASS) B-515 launcher for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Italy: 2 × triple Leonardo (WASS) B-515/3 launcher for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Italy: 2 × SITEP MASS CS-424 acoustic guns (update since 2017)
Aircraft carried
  • France: 1 × NH90
  • Italy: 2 × SH90 or 1 × SH90 and 1 × AW101 (armed with MU 90 torpedoes or MBDA Marte Mk2/S missiles)
Aviation facilities
  • France: single hangar
  • Italy: double hangar
NotesItaly: 1 x RHIB SOLAS (Hatecke 7,5 m), 1 x RHIB Zodiac Hurricane 9,35 m and 1 RHIB CABAT 11 m on the stern

The FREMM (French: Frégate Européenne Multi-Mission; Italian: Fregata Europea Multi-Missione), which stands for "European multi-purpose frigate", is a Franco-Italian family of multi-purpose frigates designed by Naval Group and Fincantieri. In France, this surface combatant is known as the "Aquitaine class" (17 units planned, of which 9 were later cancelled), while in Italy it is known as the "Bergamini class" (10 units planned). The lead ship of the class, Aquitaine, was commissioned in November 2012 by the French Navy. Italy has ordered six general purpose and four anti-submarine variants. France, on the other hand, has ordered six anti-submarine variants and two air-defense ones.

The FREMM has also been exported to various countries. Notably, the United States Navy selected a FREMM variant for their new Constellation class of 20 frigates, to be built by Fincantieri, starting with a US$795 million contract for the lead ship.[3]

Background

[edit]

Three original variants of the FREMM were proposed; an anti-submarine variant (ASW) and a general-purpose variant (GP) and a land-attack variant (AVT) to replace the existing classes of frigates within the French and Italian navies. A total of 27 FREMM were to be constructed (17 for France and 10 for Italy) with additional aims to seek exports. However, budget cuts and changing requirements saw this number drop significantly for France, while the order for Italy remained unchanged. The land-attack variant (AVT) was subsequently cancelled.

A third anti-air warfare variant of FREMM was proposed by DCNS in response to French requirements for a new air-defence frigate, the new variant became known as FREDA ("FREgates de Défense Aériennes", "Air defence frigate"). This new French requirement was due to the third and fourth Horizon-class frigates being cancelled after the first two cost €1.35B each, but this decision left French Navy still in-need of replacements for its aging Cassard-class air-defence frigates.[11]

As of 2009, the FREDA design features a more powerful version of the Héraklès passive electronically scanned array radar and 32 cells of SYLVER A50 vertical launch system in place of the 16 cells of A43 and 16 cells of A70. The SYLVER A50 would allow it to fire the 120-kilometre (75 mi)-range Aster 30 missile. While at one point it was determined that the towed array sonar would not be fitted, this has subsequently been retained on the FREDA design.[7][12]

At Euronaval 2012 DCNS showed a new concept called FREMM-ER for the FREDA requirement, again based on the FREMM, but specifically mentioning the ballistic missile defense mission as well as anti-air warfare. FREMM-ER has a modified superstructure replacing Héraklès with the new Thales Sea Fire 500 radar, whose four fixed plates resemble those of the US Navy's AN/SPY-1.[13] However, unlike the Héraklès and the SPY-1 (both using passive electronically scanned array technology), the Sea Fire 500 has active electronically scanned array antennas.[14]

Italy

[edit]

Initial planning assumptions for the Italian Navy are ten FREMM-IT (four ASW variants and six GP variants) at a cost of €5.9 billion. FREMM-IT will replace the Maestrale and Lupo-class frigates in service with the Italian Navy.

In the 2013 Italian budget, the Italian government laid out the necessary financing for two more GP variants (FREMM-IT 7 & 8) and the contract was awarded in September 2013. On 15 April 2015, the Italian Parliament confirmed the deal between OCCAR and Orizzonte Sistemi Navali Spa (Fincantieri and Finmeccanica, since 2017 Leonardo) to begin building units 9 and 10, for 764 million Euros.

As of 16 April 2015, the Italian government has approved funding for all ten FREMM-IT to be delivered to the Italian Navy (four ASW variants and six GP variants).[15] FREMM-IT 9 & 10 will have undisclosed enhanced capabilities. All ten Italian FREMM-ITs have extended AAW capabilities, with SAAM-ESD CMS, Aster 30 and Aster 15 missiles for extended area defence. SAAM-ESD CMS use Leonardo MFRA, a 3D active radar (AESA), an evolved version of the Leonardo EMPAR PESA radar (previously embarked on Horizon-class destroyers and the Cavour). Since the seventh FREMM-IT, there will be updates, such as new conformal IFF antenna and much more stealth response. Since the ninth FREMM-IT, SCLAR-H was replaced with Leonardo ODLS-20. In 2017 the Italian FREMM refit started with the installation on each of two SITEP MS-424 acoustic guns.

In 2020 Italy sold its last two FREMM-class frigates in the current production line (Spartaco Schergat and Emilio Bianchi) to Egypt. Spartaco Schergat was in the final stage of her sea trials while Emilio Bianchi would follow within one year. The deal reportedly also involved other military equipment and was worth 1.2 billion USD.[16] Italy then order two additional FREMM frigates to replace those transferred to Egypt with the anticipated delivery of the replacements by 2025, with a new GP&ASW enhanced configuration, named GP-e.[17]

On 31 July 2024 Italy ordered to OCCAR, for 1,5 billion Euros, another 2 FREMM (bringing class fleet to 12 vessels), named FREMM-EVO, based on FREMM-ASW hull, with widely improvements (PPAs DBR double radar, integrated X & C band, ATBM capability with Aster 30B1NT missiles, VDS Captas-4, 2 x Lionfish 30 mm to replace 25/80 mm, ecc.)

France

[edit]

The original plan was for 17 FREMM to replace the nine D'Estienne d'Orves-class avisos and nine anti-submarine frigates of the Tourville and Georges Leygues classes. In November 2005 France announced a contract of €3.5 billion for development and the first eight hulls, with options for nine more costing €2.95 billion split over two tranches (totaling 17).

Following the cancellation of the third and fourth of the Horizon-class frigates in 2005 on budget grounds, requirements for an air-defence derivative of the FREMM called FREDA were placed – with DCNS coming up with several proposals.[18] Expectations were that the last two ships of the 17 FREMM planned would be built to FREDA specifications; however, by 2008 the plan was revised down to just 11 FREMM (9 ASW variants and 2 FREDA variants)[11] at a cost of €8.75 billion (FY13, ~US$12 billion).[1] The 11 ships would cost €670 million (~US$760m) each in FY2014, or €860m (~US$980m) including development costs.[1]

The 2013 White Paper on Defence and National Security committed France to 15 front-line frigates,[19] which was initially interpreted as 2 Horizons, 5 La Fayettes and a reduction in the FREMM fleet down to 8 ships. The 2014–2019 defence plan restated a target of 11 frigates;[20] of which six ASW FREMM variants would be delivered to replace the Georges Leygues-class frigates by 2019, followed by two anti-air variants to replace the ageing Cassard-class frigates and a decision was to have been taken in 2016 on what version the remaining three would be.[1] In 2014, the French Navy's Chief of Staff, Admiral Bernard Rogel, confirmed that 11 FREMM frigates had been ordered[21] but in 2015 the order was cut to 8 in order to allow for the introduction of five FTI mid-Size frigates from 2024.[22] The FTI will replace the La Fayette class in "first-rank" roles, with three of the La Fayettes also being fitted with active sonar and other improvements so as to extend their service life into the early 2030s.[22]

On 16 April 2021 the French Navy received Alsace, the first of the two air defence FREMM frigates ordered. The primary role of the air defence frigates is conducting the anti-aircraft defense of critical units such as the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and Mistral class landing helicopter docks. Besides being equipped with Aster 15 and Aster 30 surface-to-air missiles, the ship holds Exocet MM 40 anti-ship missiles and the MU 90 torpedo system.[23][24][25]

Export

[edit]
Operators of the FREMM frigates

United States

[edit]
An artist's rendering of a Constellation-class frigate
Main article: Constellation-class frigate

On 10 July 2017, it was reported that the United States Congress was interested in foreign designs such as the Fincantieri FREMM for the US Navy's FFG(X) Program.[26] According to Representative Rob Wittman, chairman of the United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces, the US Congress was comfortable with models such as Fincantieri's partnership with Lockheed Martin to build the Freedom version of the littoral combat ship (LCS).[27] If the Italian FREMM design is selected, the Marinette Marine shipyard in Wisconsin, part of the Fincantieri group, would build the guided-missile frigates. Marinette Marine is best known for the US Navy Freedom-class LCS. On 16 February 2018, Fincantieri Marine was one of five companies awarded a $15 million contract for conceptual design of FFG(X), which the Navy would evaluate over 16 months ahead of a final request for proposal in 2019 and contract award in 2020.[28]

On 30 June 2017, it was announced that Leonardo and BAE Systems will collaborate to provide the US military forces with a wide range of upgraded munitions for advanced, large-calibre weapon systems such as the Leonardo Vulcano and Strales/DART guided munitions.[29]

From late May to early June 2018, the Italian Navy deployed Alpino on a good will visit to the United States along the Eastern seaboard, making port calls in Norfolk, Baltimore, New York City, and Boston.[30] She was visited by several US Navy officials who toured her as a potential FFG(X) candidate. Among the visitors was the Italian Ambassador to the United States, Armando Varricchio.[31]

On 30 April 2020, the US Navy announced that Fincantieri had been awarded a $795 million contract for the first FFG(X), to be built at Fincantieri Marinette Marine in Marinette, Wisconsin.[3][32] The contract includes options for an additional nine ships, which, if all options were exercised, would value the contract at $5.5 billion.[32] On 7 October 2020, US Secretary of the Navy Kenneth Braithwaite announced that first FFG(X) frigate would be named Constellation.[33][34]

Egypt

[edit]

Egypt ordered two Italian FREMM frigates in 2020 and one French FREMM frigate in 2015.[35] On 16 February 2015, the Egyptian Navy ordered one FREMM vessel to enter service before the opening of the New Suez Canal, as part of a larger deal (including 24 Dassault Rafale aircraft and a supply of missiles) worth US$5.9 billion (€5.2 billion).[36][37] In order to keep to Egypt's deadlines, France offered to send Normandie, originally intended for the French Navy.[38] The SYLVER A70 VLS and NETTUNO-4100 jamming equipment were removed due to export limitations for such sensitive equipment.[39] The crew will be around 126 sailors compared to 108 in the French Navy.[40] The SATCOM antenna for the French Syracuse satellites was also taken down; however, Egypt will use its own military telecommunications satellite, supplied by Airbus Defence and Space and Thales Alenia Space, in conjunction with its naval vessels.[41] From March 2015, DCNS trained the Egyptian crew in the technology of the ship and DCNS and its partners accompanied the crew for a period of 15 months. On 23 June 2015, French naval shipbuilder DCNS transferred the FREMM frigate Tahya Misr (ex-Normandie) to the Egyptian Navy. A ceremony took place to transfer Normandie, renamed Tahya Misr ("Long Live Egypt") to Egypt, in the presence of General Sedki Sobhy, the Egyptian Minister of Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French Minister of Defense, Admiral Osama Rabie, Egyptian Navy Commander in Chief, Admiral Bernard Rogel, the French Chief of Navy and Hervé Guillou, Chairman & CEO of DCNS.[40][42][43] The initial Italian sale might be followed by the subsequent acquisition of two additional FREMM frigates by Egypt.[17] In April 2021, the second FREMM Bergamini-class frigate, ENS Bernees, joined the Egyptian Navy. The first one joined on 31 December 2020.[44]

Morocco

[edit]

On 24 October 2007, it was announced that the Royal Moroccan Navy had ordered one FREMM to replace its Descubierta-class corvette.[45] The contract was signed on 18 April 2008 and construction of the Moroccan FREMM began in the summer 2008 with delivery expected in 2012 or 2013;[46] Mohammed VI was launched in September 2011 and handed over on 30 January 2014.[2] The Moroccan ship is similar to the French anti-submarine version, without SYLVER A70 tubes for MdCN cruise missile, and cost €470m.[2]

Indonesia

[edit]

On 10 June 2021, Indonesia signed a contract with Fincantieri for the order of six FREMM frigates and two Maestrale-class frigates and other logistical support.[47] There may be collaboration between PT-PAL Shipyard on Java and Fincantieri.[48]

Unsuccessful bids

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

In April 2013, the French government showcased the FREMM class in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with the hope of selling to the Royal Canadian Navy for the Single Class Surface Combatant Project.[49][50]

In September 2017, a variant of the FREMM was offered directly to the Ministry of Defence, in an attempt to protect intellectual property. This direct bid included delivery of the first ship in 2019 if accepted within the year and a fixed price of $30 billion for all 15 ships, versus the $62 billion estimated for the government's prime-contractor ship building plan.[51] In December 2017 the offer was rejected by the Public Services and Procurement Canada, citing the unsolicited nature of the bid as undermining the fair and competitive nature of the procurement".[52] In October 2018, the Type 26 design was chosen by Canada as the winner of the program. On 8 February 2019, a contact was signed by Canada to build Type 26 vessels.[53][54]

Australia

[edit]

In April 2016, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull confirmed that the Italian FREMM class was one of three frigates shortlisted for the Royal Australian Navy's Anzac-class frigate replacement.[55] In September 2016, Fincantieri signed a contract to participate in the Competitive Evaluation Process, conducted by the Department of Defence for nine Future Frigates for the Royal Australian Navy.[56] In June 2018, the contract was awarded to BAE Systems to produce nine Hunter-class frigates.

Brazil

[edit]

In January 2019, the Italian government made an offer of two Bergamini-class frigates to the Brazilian Navy. The frigates Spartaco Schergat and Emilio Bianchi under construction for the Italian Navy, would be transferred to Brazil for €1.5 billion (R$6.37 billion).[57]

Greece

[edit]

On 22 January 2009 the Hellenic Navy announced an order for six FREMM to replace an equal number of Elli-class frigates.[58] After the Greek government-debt crisis this was cut down to between two and four ships equipped with SCALP Naval, with France alleged to have offered them to Greece at no cost for the first five years. Germany objected to this deal in October 2011[59] and no deal has been signed. In February 2013 though and during the formal visit of the President of France, François Hollande, in Athens, according to press reports an agreement which includes the long-term leasing of two FREMM frigates (Normandie and Provence according to initial reports) to the Hellenic Navy has been reached.[60] On 12 January 2018 the Greek daily newspaper Kathimerini reported that the Greek government was set to enter talks with France regarding the procurement of two FREMM frigates, with an option for an additional two. Contacts between Greece and France were to begin initially at a military level, starting in February 2018.[61][62] In April 2018, Greek deputy Minister for National Defence Fotis Kouvelis stated that an agreement between France and Greece was reached for a five-year lease of two FREMM frigates, which could have been handed over as early as August 2018.[63] After a few days, on 25 April 2018 the Greek minister of Defense Panos Kammenos denied any information regarding the purchase of two frigates from France.[64] Eventually, Greece abandoned all plans for the purchase of FREMMs in 2019 and pursued with the smaller FDI Belharra multi-purpose frigates, offered by Naval Group.[65]

Country-specific equipment

[edit]

Common equipment

[edit]
  • Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm (3.0 in)/62 calibre gun (compact for FR-ASW/Super Rapid gun with Davide/Strales guided ammunition for IT-ASW)
  • 2 × torpedo launchers Eurotorp/WASS B515/3[citation needed] for MU 90 torpedoes with Calzoni AHS (Automatic Handling System)
  • 1 × Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F[citation needed] fire control system for the 76 mm cannon
  • 2 × SLAT (Systeme de Lutte Anti-Torpille) anti-torpedo system (into Italian Navy only for ASW version) ASW DLS (Anti Submarine Weapon Decoy Launcher System) based on Thales ALERT sonar system, DCNS RATO command system and WASS CMAT weapon system (with 12 tube launcher for 127 mm's WASS C-310 decoy and jammers)
  • NH90 helicopter, with capability for AW101, Cougar and Caracal
  • Thales UMS 4110 CL hull sonar
  • Thales UMS 4249 CAPTAS4 towed sonar (Italian anti-submarine versions only; fitted to both French ASW and air defence variants)[66]
  • Thales TUUM-6 Underwater Telephone
  • 2 × Sigen MM/SMQ-765 EW system: with JASS (Jamming Antenna Sub System) ECM, Nettuno 4100, by ELT Elettronica and Thales ESM (Communications and Radar ESM)
  • 2 × SOFRESUD Quick Pointing Devices "QPD"

French-specific equipment

[edit]
French version of the FREMM
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A43 VLS for MBDA Aster 15 missiles (in first four ASW variants)
    • The last two ASW variants have been fitted with a 16-cell MBDA A50 VLS for MBDA Aster 30 to be used if deemed necessary.
    • The two AAW variants fitted with 32-cell A50 VLS.
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A70 VLS for MBDA MdCN cruise missile with a range up to 1,400 km (870 mi) or Aster 30 anti-air missile (not fitted to AAW variants)[67]
  • MBDA Exocet MM40 Block 3, (Block 3c variant - naval and land-attack capability - entering service with the French Navy from December 2022)[10]
  • 2 × Nexter 20 mm (0.79 in) Narwhal remote weapon systems
  • NGDS decoy launcher
  • Héraklès radar
  • Terma Scanter 2001 radar[68]
  • Thales Artemis IRST
  • SETIS combat system
  • Sagem Najir fire control system for the 76 mm gun (on French ASW variants)[69]
  • Thales STIR EO MK 2 fire control radar for 76 mm gun (on French AAW variants)[69]
  • 4 × torpedo launchers Eurotorp/WASS B515/3 for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Samahé helicopter handling system

Italian-specific equipment

[edit]
Italian ASW FREMM Carabiniere
Italian ASW FREMM Virginio Fasan
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for MBDA Aster 15 missiles and MBDA Aster 30 missiles
  • Leonardo IRST SASS
  • another one Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F fire control system for the second cannon (76 mm/62 calibre or 127 mm (5.0 in)/54 calibre gun)
  • Leonardo Kronos Grand Naval (MFRA) AESA, 3D, C band radar
  • Leonardo RASS (RAN-30X-I) surface radar (OTH)
  • Leonardo SPS-732, 2D LPI Surveillance X band radar (surface and air surveillance at low level); since the seventh FREMM-IT replaced by more powerful Leonardo SPS-732(V2)
  • Leonardo SPN-730 LPI navigation radar and two navigation radar GEM-Elettronica MM/SPN-753
  • Leonardo SPN-720 radar for helicopter precision approach
  • Leonardo IFF SIR M-E; since the 7th FREMM-IT replaced with Leonardo IFF SIR M5-PA with phased array antenna
  • Leonardo Athena combat system (CMS), with 21, three displays, MFC (Multi Functional Consolle): 17 into COC, 2 in backup COC, 1 on bridge and 1 into Command Planning Room
  • Leonardo SAAM-ESD extended area AAW combat system (for Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles)
  • 2 × Leonardo (OTO Melara) SCLAR-H DLS Multipurpose Rocket Launcher; since the 7th vessel replaced with Leonardo ODLS-20
  • GP version: 8 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A, for naval and land attack missiles
  • ASW version: 4 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A missiles and 4 × MBDA MILAS anti-submarine missiles
  • 2 × OTO Melara - Oerlikon KBA 25 mm (0.98 in)/80 calibre remote weapon system, controlled by close CMS
  • Curtiss-Wright TC-ASIST helicopter handling system (for both helicopters)
  • Leonardo (WASS) SNA-2000-I mine avoidance sonar
  • L-3 ELAC Nautik SeaBeam 3050, multi-beam echo sounder (only on ASW version)
  • 1 × 7 m (23 ft) rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems (Stemar 6.8 m (22 ft), FNM HPEP 225 hp (168 kW) engine, 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph), 6 crew[70])
  • 1 × 11 m (36 ft) rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems (Zodiac Hurricane)
  • 1 × 11 m rigid-hulled inflatable boat fast, stern release and recovery system[71] (only on GP version, for CABI Cattaneo CABAT boat)
  • ASW version: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 calibre Davide/Strales CIWS guns, one on the hangar (both with Strales guided ammunition)
  • GP version: 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 127 mm/64 calibre gun with Vulcano guided ammunition, with a range up to 120 km (75 mi), and AAHS (Automated Ammunition Handling System) with 350 rounds + 56 in turret and a second Leonardo (OTO Melara) 76 mm/62 calibre Davide/Strales CIWS gun on the hangar (with Strales guided-ammunition)
  • 2 × acoustic guns / LRAD SITEP MASS CS-424: since year 2017, on update works

Ships of the class

[edit]
Name Pennant no. Builder Variant Role Laid down Launched Commissioned Homeport
 Italian Navy
Bergamini class[72]
Carlo Bergamini F 590 Fincantieri, Muggiano and Riva Trigoso GP General purpose 4 February 2008 16 July 2011[73] 29 May 2013[74] Taranto
Virginio Fasan F 591 IT‑ASW Anti‑submarine warfare 12 May 2009 31 March 2012[75] 19 December 2013[76] La Spezia
Carlo Margottini F 592 21 April 2010 29 June 2013[77] 27 February 2014[78]
Carabiniere F 593 6 April 2011 29 March 2014[79] 28 April 2015[80] Taranto
Alpino F 594 23 February 2012 13 December 2014[81] 30 September 2016[82]
Luigi Rizzo F 595 GP General purpose 5 March 2013 19 December 2015[83] 20 April 2017[84] La Spezia
Federico Martinengo F 596 5 June 2014[85] 4 March 2017[86] 24 April 2018[87] Taranto
Antonio Marceglia F 597 12 July 2015[88][89] 3 February 2018[90] 16 April 2019[91]
Spartaco Schergat F 598 GP-e General purpose & ASW 25 February 2021[92] 24 November 2023 February 2025[93] La Spezia
Emilio Bianchi F 599 12 October 2021[94] 24 May 2024 August 2025[93] Taranto
? F FREMM-EVO [95] General purpose & ASW 2025 June 2029 [96]
? F 2026 June 2030 [97]
 French Navy
Aquitaine class
Aquitaine D650 DCNS, Lorient FR‑ASW Anti‑submarine warfare 2007 29 April 2010 23 November 2012[98] Brest
Normandie D651 2014 1 February 2018[99] 3 June 2020[100]
Provence D652 2010 18 September 2013 12 June 2015 Toulon[101]
Languedoc D653 2011 12 July 2014 4 July 2017
Auvergne D654 2012 2 September 2015 14 February 2018[102][103] Brest[104]
Bretagne D655 2013 16 September 2016 20 February 2019[105]
Alsace D656 FR‑AAW Anti‑air warfare 2016 18 April 2019[106] 16 April 2021[69] Toulon
Lorraine D657 2019[107] 13 November 2020[108] 13 November 2023[109][110][111][112]
 United States Navy
Constellation class
Constellation FFG-62 Fincantieri Marinette Marine, Marinette, Wisconsin IT‑ASW Anti-submarine warfare 12 April 2024 [113] TBC Everett[114]
Congress FFG-63 TBC
Chesapeake FFG-64 TBC
Lafayette FFG-65 TBC
Hamilton FFG-66 TBC[115]
Galvez FFG-67 TBC[116]
 Egyptian Navy
Tahya Misr
(ex-Normandie)[117] 		FFG-1001 DCNS, Lorient FR‑ASW Anti‑submarine warfare 2009 18 October 2012 17 March 2016[118] Alexandria[119]
Al-Galala
(ex-Spartaco Schergat) 		FFG-1002 Fincantieri, Muggiano and Riva Trigoso GP General Purpose 21 December 2015 26 January 2019[120] 23 December 2020
Bernees
(ex-Emilio Bianchi) 		FFG-1003 January 2018 25 January 2020[121] 13 April 2021[122]
 Royal Moroccan Navy
Mohammed VI 701 DCNS, Lorient FR‑ASW Anti‑submarine warfare 2008 14 September 2011 30 January 2014[2] Ksar es Seghir

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Projet de loi de finances pour 2015 : Défense : équipement des forces" (in French). Senate of France. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Djama, Nasser (30 January 2014). "A Brest, le Maroc prend possession de sa frégate Fremm Mohammed VI". L'Usine Nouvelle (in French). Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  3. ^ a b c "Fincantieri Wins $795M Contract for Navy Frigate Program". USNI News. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Caractéristiques". FREMM Aquitaine (D 650) (in French). Ministère de la Défense. 12 August 2013. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  5. ^ "Fregate Europee Multi Missione - FREMM" (in Italian). Ministero Della Difesa. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  6. ^ "Fincantieri - Classe Bergamini". fincantieri.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b Peruzzi, Luca (5 November 2019). "The FREMM programme and its latest developments". European Defence Review. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  8. ^ "Naval Multifunctional Active Radar for Principal Anti-Air Missile System" (PDF). Leonardo Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  9. ^ a b "French Navy fitting Aster 30 long range SAM on its last two ASW FREMM frigates". navyrecognition.com. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  10. ^ a b Vavasseur, Xavier (17 October 2022). "First Exocet MM40 Block 3c Missiles Set For December Delivery". Naval News. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b "FREMM : 11 frégates multi-missions pour la flotte française". Mer et Marine (in French). 26 October 2008. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  12. ^ "Frégates : Le point sur les futures FREDA". Mer et Marine (in French). 12 October 2009. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  13. ^ "DCNS to unveil new FREMM Frigate variant, updated BRAVE supply ship design at Euronaval 2012". Navy Recognition. 4 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  14. ^ Nodwell, Bethan (2013). "Extending Navy Capabilities FREMM-ER". FrontLine Defence. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  15. ^ "Fincantieri - Bergamini Class". fincantieri.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  16. ^ "Egypt would have signed an order with Italy for the delivery of two FREMM frigates". navyrecognition.com. October 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  17. ^ a b Di Briganti, Giovanni (30 July 2020). "Italian Minister Confirms Sale of Two Frigates to Egypt". defense-aerospace.com. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  18. ^ "FREMM : Supprimer des frégates, un non sens économique et stratégique?". Mer et Marine (in French). 19 September 2007. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  19. ^ "White Paper on Defense and National Security 2013" (PDF). Ministère de la Défense. 29 April 2013. p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  20. ^ "Projet De Loi De programmation Militarie 2014/2019" (PDF) (in French). Ministère de la Défense. August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  21. ^ "Amiral Rogel : " Conserver un outil efficace et adapté aux menaces de demain "". Mer et Marine (in French). 29 October 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  22. ^ a b "Update to French Military Planning Law Means New Capabilities for Lafayette Class Frigates". Navy Recognition. 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  23. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (16 April 2021). "Naval Group Delivers First Air Defense FREMM 'Alsace' to the French Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  24. ^ Mackenzie, Christina (16 April 2021). "Naval Group delivers French frigate with bolstered capabilities". Defense News. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  25. ^ "French Navy Receives First Air Defence FREMM Frigate". defenseworld.net. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  26. ^ Freedberg, Sydney J. (10 July 2017). "Navy Steers Well Away From An LCS Frigate". Breaking Defense. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  27. ^ Larter, David B. (1 September 2017). "The US Navy eyes foreign designs". Defense News. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  28. ^ "Navy Picks Five Contenders for Next Generation Frigate FFG(X) Program". U.S. Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  29. ^ "BAE Systems and Leonardo to partner for new Vulcano precision-guided munitions". Naval Technology. 30 June 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  30. ^ "ITS Alpino, prototype competitor for next Navy frigate, makes landfall in Norfolk". WKTR. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  31. ^ "Marina Militare: nave Alpino in sosta a New York per Festa della Repubblica". VNY La Voce di New York (in Italian). 1 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  32. ^ a b Frank, Peter (30 April 2020). "Navy awards $5 billion frigate contract to Fincantieri Marinette Marine, creating at least 1,000 jobs". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  33. ^ Eckstein, Megan (7 October 2020). "SECNAV Braithwaite Names First FFG(X) USS Constellation". USNI News. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  34. ^ "SECNAV Names Navy's Newest Class of FFG(X) Ships" (Press release). U.S. Navy. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  35. ^ Mergener, Uwe (10 June 2020). "At Least two FREMM Frigates to go to Egypt". European Security and Defence. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  36. ^ Lert, Frédéric (16 February 2015). "Egypt officially signs for 24 Rafales, FREMM frigate, and missiles". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  37. ^ "Official French Navy Statement on the Sale of a FREMM Multi-Mission Frigate to Egypt". navyrecognition.com. 13 February 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  38. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (17 December 2014). "FREMM pour l'Egypte: Ça se précise..." Mer et Marine (in French). Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  39. ^ "DCNS Transfered [sic] the FREMM Frigate Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy". Navy Recognition. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  40. ^ a b "DCNS Transferred the FREMM Frigate Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy". navyrecognition.com. 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  41. ^ "Un satellite Airbus-Thalès vendu à l'Egypte". Le Figaro (in French). Reuters. 19 April 2016. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  42. ^ "DCNS Transfers the FREMM Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy" (Press release). DCNS Group. 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  43. ^ Lert, Frédéric (25 June 2015). "Egypt receives its first FREMM frigate". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  44. ^ White, Ryan (15 April 2021). "ENS Bernees 1003 joins Egyptian Navy". Naval Post. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  45. ^ "Accord conclu pour la vente d'une frégate française au Maroc". Mer et Marine (in French). 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007.
  46. ^ "La construction de la FREMM marocaine débute à Lorient". Mer et Marine (in French). 9 November 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.
  47. ^ "Fincantieri Will Provide 8 Vessels to Indonesia". fincantieri.com. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  48. ^ Manaranche, Martin (10 June 2021). "Fincantieri Signed A Contract To Provide 8 Frigates To Indonesia". Naval News. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  49. ^ "French pitch new warships for next Canadian navy vessels". CBC News. 20 April 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  50. ^ Brewster, Murray (26 October 2016). "Frigate replacement program kicks off with design competition". CBC News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  51. ^ Tran, Pierre (4 December 2017). "European firms jointly offer frigate to Canadian government, skipping shipbuilder". Defense News. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  52. ^ Tran, Pierre; Kington, Tom; Pugliese, David (6 December 2017). "Bold move backfires as Canada declines Naval Group-Fincantieri frigate offering". Defense News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  53. ^ Rosamond, Jon (11 February 2019). "Canada Confirms Type 26 Design for Surface Combatant Program After Legal Tussle". USNI News. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  54. ^ Brewster, Murray (8 February 2019). "Ottawa makes its $60B frigate project official, even as rival's court challenge goes forward". CBC News. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  55. ^ Anderson, Stephanie (18 April 2016). "Malcolm Turnbull says 12 offshore patrol vessels to be built in Adelaide". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  56. ^ "Fincantieri Signs the Future Frigate Participant Services Contract". 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  57. ^ Lopes, Roberto (30 January 2019). "Itália oferece fragatas FREMM ao Brasil". Poder Naval. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  58. ^ ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΟ: O Ε. Μεϊμαράκης ανακοίνωσε πρόγραμμα εξοπλισμών (in Greek). DefenceNet.gr. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  59. ^ "Germans Question Contract : France to Sell Frigates to Greece in Controversial Deal". Der Spiegel. 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  60. ^ "La Grèce va louer 2 frégates françaises". Le Figaro (in French). 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  61. ^ "Greece to negotiate FREMM Frigate acquisition with France". Navy Recognition. 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  62. ^ Adamowski, Jaroslaw (17 January 2018). "Greece to launch talks with France over FREMM frigates, corvettes". Defense News. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  63. ^ Tigkos, Kostas; Alex, Pape (20 April 2018). "Hellenic Navy moves closer to leasing FREMM frigates from France". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  64. ^ "Press conference of the minister of Defense P. Kammenos". Athens News Agency. 25 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021 – via youtube.com.
  65. ^ Archus, Dorian (27 July 2019). "Hellenic Navy's Eyes Locked on Belharra Class Frigates". Naval News. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  66. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (13 November 2020). "Photos: Naval Group Launches 'Lorraine', Its Final FREMM Frigate". Naval News. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  67. ^ "French Navy Fitting Aster 30 Long-range SAM on its Last Two ASW FREMM Frigates". navyrecognition.com. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  68. ^ "Terma to deliver SCANTER 2001 radars for the French FREMM program". defenseworld.net. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010.
  69. ^ a b c Vavasseur, Xavier (16 April 2021). "Naval Group Delivers First Air Defense FREMM 'Alsace' To The French Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  70. ^ "Stemar RIB 6.8 MM" (in Italian). FNN Marine Diesel Engine. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  71. ^ R.I.D. Rivista italiana difesa, gennaio 2013
  72. ^ Gaiani, Gianandrea (26 November 2012). "Modifiche E Qualche Ritocco Per Le Fremm" (in Italian). Analisi Difesa. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  73. ^ "The first multipurpose frigate launched: the "Carlo Bergamini"" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 16 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  74. ^ "Italian FREMM FOC GP Carlo BERGAMINI Delivered To The Italian Navy" (Press release). OCCAR. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  75. ^ "Second multipurpose frigate launched: Virginio Fasan" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 31 March 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  76. ^ "Second Italian FREMM frigate 'Virginio Fasan' Delivered". Orizzonte Sistemi Navali. 19 December 2013. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  77. ^ "The first multipurpose frigate launched: the "Carlo Margottini"" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 29 June 2013. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  78. ^ "FREMM again" (Press release). OCCAR. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  79. ^ "Carabiniere: 4th Italian FREMM launched" (Press release). OCCAR. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  80. ^ "FREMM "Carabiniere" delivered to the Italian Navy" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  81. ^ "The fifth multipurpose frigate launched - the "Alpino"" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 13 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  82. ^ "FREMM "Alpino" delivered to the Italian Navy" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  83. ^ "The sixth multipurpose frigate "Luigi Rizzo" launched" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 19 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  84. ^ "FREMM "Rizzo" delivered to the Italian Navy" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 20 April 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  85. ^ "Fincantieri, Riva Trigoso: iniziati i lavori per la settima Fremm" (in Italian). The Medi Telegraph. 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  86. ^ "The seventh multipurpose frigate "Federico Martinengo" launched" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 4 March 2017. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  87. ^ "FREMM "Federico Martinengo" delivered to the Italian Navy" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 24 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  88. ^ "Laying down Ceremony for the 8th Italian FREMM" (Press release). OCCAR. 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  89. ^ "Riva Trigoso: Fincantieri, Iniziano Lavori 8ª Unità Programma FREMM" (in Italian). Agenzia Giornalistica Globalpress. 25 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  90. ^ "The eighth multipurpose frigate "Antonio Marceglia" launched" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 3 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  91. ^ "FREMM "Antonio Marceglia" delivered to the Italian Navy" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  92. ^ "First steel cut for the first of two new Fincantieri-built FREMMs for OCCAR and Italian Navy". EDR On-Line. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  93. ^ a b Peruzzi, Luca (23 November 2020). "New Ships, Submarines And Weapon Systems For Italian Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  94. ^ "First Steel Cutting ceremony for the twelfth FREMM". OCCAR. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  95. ^ https://www.difesa.it/Content/Documents/DPP%202023-2025.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  96. ^ "OCCAR - FREMM Contract Amendment 26 signed on behalf of Italy and France".
  97. ^ "OCCAR - FREMM Contract Amendment 26 signed on behalf of Italy and France".
  98. ^ "La Marine réceptionne la FREMM Aquitaine" (in French). Ministère de la Défense. 27 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  99. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (2 February 2018). "Naval Group met à l'eau sa 8ème FREMM". Mer et Marine (in French). Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  100. ^ "French Navy's Final ASW FREMM Frigate 'Normandie' Enters Active Service". Global Defense Corp. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  101. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (6 April 2021). "La frégate Alsace a rejoint Toulon". Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  102. ^ "DCNS delivers multi-mission frigate Auvergne, the fourth FREMM for the French Navy". dcnsgroup.com. 11 April 2017. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  103. ^ "La FREMM Auvergne admise au service actif". Mer et Marine (in French). 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  104. ^ "Toulon : Prise de commandement croisée pour les frégates Auvergne et Lorraine". Press Agence (in French). 24 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  105. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (21 February 2019). "French Navy Commissions Its Fifth FREMM Frigate 'Bretagne'". Naval News. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  106. ^ "Naval Group launches Alsace FREMM frigate". shepherdmedia.com. 26 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  107. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (17 May 2019). "Lorraine : Naval Group met sur cale sa dernière FREMM". Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  108. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (13 November 2020). "Naval Group met à l'eau sa dernière FREMM". Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  109. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (15 November 2023). "Lorraine : la Marine nationale met en service sa 8ème et dernière frégate du type FREMM". Mer et Marine (in French).
  110. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (27 April 2023). "How A Not-Yet-Commissioned Frigate Played A Key Role In Sudan Evacuation Operations". Naval News. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  111. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (21 November 2022). "Final FREMM Frigate 'Lorraine' Delivered To The French Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  112. ^ "Première cérémonie des couleurs et premier commandant pour la FREMM Lorraine". Mer et Marine (in French). 7 October 2021.
  113. ^ "U.S. Navy Commemorates Keel Laying Ceremony for Constellation-Class Guided-Missile Frigate".
  114. ^ Correll, Diana Stancy (3 June 2021). "Naval Station Everett selected as homeport for Constellation-class frigates". Navy Times. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  115. ^ Shelbourne, Mallory (23 May 2024). "Navy Awards $1B Contract for 5th, 6th Constellation-class Frigates". USNI News. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  116. ^ Shelbourne, Mallory (23 May 2024). "Navy Awards $1B Contract for 5th, 6th Constellation-class Frigates". USNI News. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  117. ^ "Egypt receives its first FREMM frigate". 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  118. ^ "Egypt's Sisi attends navy manoeuvre, raises flag over new frigate". english.ahram.org.eg. 17 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  119. ^ "La FREMM Tahia Misr en route pour Alexandrie". rpdefense.over-blog.com (in French). 23 July 2015. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.[unreliable source?]
  120. ^ "The ninth multipurpose frigate "Spartaco Schergat" launched" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 26 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  121. ^ "The tenth multipurpose frigate "Emilio Bianchi" launched" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  122. ^ Groizeleau, Vincent (13 April 2021). "L'Italie livre la seconde FREMM achetée par l'Egypte". Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2021.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FREMM class frigates.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FREMM_multipurpose_frigate&oldid=1252855832"