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Félix Wazekwa

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Félix Wazekwa
Background information
Birth nameFélix Nlandu Wazekwa
Also known as
  • S'Grave (Grave Wisdom)
  • Monstre d'amour
  • Mokuwa Bongo (The Brain Bone)
  • Le Miran
  • Monsieur Google
  • Cas oyo benga nzembo
Born (1962-09-14) 14 September 1962 (age 62)
Léopoldville, Belgian Congo
(modern-day Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Genres
Occupations
  • Singer
  • dancer
  • lyricist
  • songwriter
  • author
  • filmmaker
  • bandleader
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • percussion
Years active1970s–present
LabelsIndependent
Websitehttps://cultura6.tripod.com/index.htm

Félix Nlandu Wazekwa (born 14 September 1962),[1][2][3] known professionally as Félix Wazekwa, is a Congolese singer-songwriter, author, filmmaker, dancer, and bandleader.[4][5][6] Known for his Lingala deep lyrics and baritone voice, he is regarded as an influential figure in soukous and Congolese rumba music and one of the most prominent lyricists of his generation.[5][7][8][1]

Wazekwa began his music career as a member of the Kinshasa-based group Kin-Verso.[9][10] In 1995, he released his debut solo studio album, Tétragramme.[9] In 1997, Wazekwa released his second studio album titled Pauvres, Mais.[8] His third studio album, Bonjour Monsieur, published on 10 November 1998, became a significant success throughout Africa, earning him the Revelation of the Year from ACMCO.[11][12][13] In 1999, Wazekwa formed his backing band, Cultur'A Pays Vie, and then released his fourth studio album, Sponsor, followed by Signature (2001) and Yo Nani? (2002).[11] On 25 August 2004, Wazekwa issued his seventh studio album, Et Après..., succeeded by Faux Mutu Moko Boye in 2005.[11][6] In 2008, he released his ninth studio album, Que Demande Le Peuple?, followed by Mémoire ya Nzambe in 2010.[11][12] He returned with Adamu na Eva in 2013,[14][15][16] and I Love You in January 2015.[17][18][19]

Wazekwa gained widespread recognition with his breakout ndombolo-infused single, "Fimbu," which debuted in September 2015 in support of the Congolese national football team, nicknamed Les Léopards.[20][21] The song gained significant popularity during the run-up to the 2016 African Nations Championship and went on to become a sleeper hit in 2017 during the Africa Cup of Nations. It was accompanied by the "Fimbu chicotte" dance, which saw players raising their left arm while waving their right as they moved collectively down the pitch.[22][23][24][25][1] Wazekwa released his thirteenth studio album, Article 23, in 2020.[26]

His book Les Petits Bonbons de la Sagesse was published by Bergame on 10 January 2018.[27][28][29]

Early life and career

[edit]

1962–1995: Childhood, education and music debut

[edit]

Félix Nlandu Wazekwa was born on 14 September 1962 in Léopoldville (now Kinshasa), in what was then the Belgian Congo (and was later the Republic of the Congo, then Zaire, and is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).[30] Wazekwa was drawn to music at a young age and formed a troupe of local children in the 1970s.[31] During this time, Wazekwa gained recognition for his prowess in dancing. He subsequently founded a traditional music ensemble known as SODEPA in the Kinshasa's Matete commune, where he became celebrated for his singing and dancing abilities.[31] Between 1982 and 1983, he formed another musical collective named Kin-Verso in the Matete commune.[31][32][33]

After graduating from high school with a French baccalaureate from the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Kinshasa, Wazekwa pursued economics studies at Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis in 1985.[32] Thereafter, he became an autodidact and augmented his knowledge through reading, which gave him an interest in literary polymaths like Henry Nelson and Paul Valéry, alongside contemporary writers like Jean d'Ormesson and Michel Serres.[34][35] After completing his studies, he returned to Kinshasa and began working as a songwriter for various up-and-coming Zairean artists. He quickly garnered attention from Koffi Olomidé, who incorporated Wazekwa's compositions into his projects between 1991 and 1993, notably featured in albums such as Haut De Gamme - Koweit, Rive Gauche, and Noblesse Oblige.[33][36][31]

After a brief stint with Koffi Olomide, Papa Wemba approached Wazekwa to assist him in refining his songwriting abilities.[32] In 1994, Wazekwa contributed four tracks to Papa Wemba's band Viva La Musica's album Foridoles, with "Reference" standing out as the signature track.[32][33] Wazekwa also claimed authorship of the song "Nzete Ya Séquoia."[37] Following this, he participated in Papa Wemba's 1995 release, Pôle Position.[32][33][38]

Solo career

[edit]

1995–1997: Tétragramme and Pauvres, Mais…

[edit]

While simultaneously involved in producing Papa Wemba's album Pôle Position, Wazekwa was exhorted by Papa Wemba to pursue a solo musical career.[39][36][32][33] That same year, Wazekwa commenced work on his 10-track debut studio album, Tétragramme, with support of Papa Wemba and Madilu System.[36][32][35] In an interview with Afropop Worldwide, Wazekwa revealed that during Tétragramme's production, he was active as a gospel singer.[40] Released in December 1995, Tétragramme, a blend of Congolese rumba and soukous, was produced under the French label Sun Records and arranged by Wazekwa and Didier Milla, featuring vocal performances by Luciana Demingongo, Madilu System, Nyboma Mwan'dido, Papa Wemba, Shimita, and Yakini Kiese, with backing vocals by Abby Surya, Patricia Aubou, and Valérie Colau.[32][41][42] Rhythm guitars were played by Caien Madoka, Lokassa Ya Mbongo, and Maïka Munan, bass guitars by Guy Nsangué, Ngouma Lokito, drums by Djudjuchet Luvengoka, and percussions by Mavungu Malanda. Animated vocals were delivered by atalakus Awilo Longomba, Colombani Wa Senga, and Yakini Kiese. Tétragramme was met with widespread critical acclaim, leading to Wazekwa being honored with the Best Revelation of the Year from ACMCO (Association des Chroniqueurs de Musique du Congo).[43][35]

In 1997, Wazekwa released his second studio album, titled Pauvres, Mais… (Poor, but...).[30] The album, consisting of ten tracks, was recorded at Studio Macadam. Wazekwa, Claude Liongo, and Serge Masengo produced the album through a French label Rythmo-Disc.[44][45] It was arranged by Sec Bidens, with Wazekwa and Bidens on acoustic guitars. Vocals were delivered by Wazekwa, Bozi Boziana, Luciana Demingongo, and Tabu Ley Rochereau, with backing vocals provided by Awa Maïga, Bitou Kikinda, Luciana Demingongo, Nyboma, Raphaël Makondika, Shimita, Solo Sita, Valérie Belinga, and Wuta Mayi.[44][45] Bass guitars were played by Boss Matuta, Guy Nsangué, and Ngouma Lokito, with drums by Awilo Longomba, and lead guitars by Caïen Madoka, Dally Kimoko, and Popolipo.[44][45] Deba Sungu handled percussions while Philippe Guez managed programming. Animated vocals came from atalakus Papy Tshimanga and Prince Moba.[44][45] Pauvres, Mais… received widespread praise throughout the country for its lyrical content, which delved into themes of love and socioeconomic commentary.[43] The track "Biléi Ya Mobóla" metaphorically addresses the concept of love while drawing attention to the struggles of underprivileged people who are left with nothing but bones to eat. Meanwhile, the album's eponymous single is a critique against those who scorn the economically marginalized.[43]

1998–2004: Bonjour Monsieur, Sponsor, Signature, Yo Nani?, and Et Après...

[edit]

Bonjour Monsieur, Wazekwa's third studio album, debuted on 10 November 1998, propelled Wazekwa into the spotlight and received accolades across Africa.[31][30][46] The album, which includes ten tracks, was produced under JPS Production by Cameroonian producer Jean-Pierre Saah, with Elvis Kemayo as the executive producer.[47] Recorded at Studio Marcadet, the album features Wazekwa on lead vocals, accompanied by Abby Surya, Balou Canta, Luciana Demingongo, and Monglisha Kivuna on backing vocals.[31][30][46] Ikonola Isibangi played the congas, Komba Bellow handled the drums, Ambroise Voundi managed the audio mixing, Thierry Galion led the programming, and Nono Manzanza featured as an atalaku.[31][30][46]

In 1999, Wazekwa established his backing band Cultur'A Pays-Vie, which altered plans for the upcoming 10-track album, Sponsor.[31][30] Recorded at Meko Studio in Kinshasa and Marcadet Studio in Paris, Sponsor premiered in December 1999 under JPS Production.[31][30][48] The album's success allowed Cultur'A Pays-Vie to embark on their debut European tour, which provided them a substantial platform to promote Sponsor.[40] They subsequently secured sponsorship from the brewing company Bralima, which supported Wazekwa's promotional activities, and invested heavily in the album's promotion with Wazekwa exclusively endorsing Bralima.[40]

Prior to the release of his fifth studio album, Signature, in mid-June 2001,[31][49] Wazekwa attended the Union des Musiciens du Congo convocation at the Vévé-Center in Kinshasa, which aimed to conceive a patriotic song.[50] On 16 June, Wazekwa and Cultur'A Pays-Vie performed to a sold-out audience at the YMCA square in Matonge.[51] The album, recorded in Paris at Marcadet Studio, comprised 12 tracks and was distributed by JPS Production.[31][49] Signature sparked the emergence of the dance phenomena "King-Kong" and "Ekiti Talo", which gained nationwide renown.[52] To further promote Signature, Wazekwa and Cultur'A Pays-Vie hosted a sold-out event at the Cinemax in Kinshasa. According to the Congolese daily newspaper Le Phare, the show was well-attended that many people remained outside, with "sound pouring from this amphitheater".[52] Wazekwa subsequently won two consecutive CHADA for Best Artist of the Year and Best Group of the Year for Cultur'A Pays-Vie.[31] He also garnered three ACMCO awards for Best Composer, Best Artist, and Best Orchestra for Cultur'A Pays-Vie.[31]

Wazekwa began work on his sixth studio album, Yo Nani? in early 2002. He toured Paris in May of that year with Cultur'A Pays-Vie to prepare for Yo Nani?, where he secured a production contract for a show at LSC in Paris on July 20.[53] He later returned to Kinshasa to finalize Yo Nani?'s production.[53] Released on 12 November 2002, and produced by JPS Production, Yo Nani? explored themes of existentialism and societal structure.[30][54][31] Reviewing for Le Phare, Mavambu Leya Guyo, noted that Yo Nani? departed from Wazekwa's usual guitar notes.[53][31]

On 25 August 2004, Wazekwa published his seventh studio album, Et Après....[31] The album was co-produced in both Africa and Europe by Cameroonian arranger-producer Edgar Yonkeu and Kiki Productions, owned by Franco-Guinean producer Kiki Touré.[31][55][56][57] Et Après... attained notable success, particularly with the hit dance track "Sautez Déjà", and the accompanying dance trend known as "nzoto ya mama elengi", meaning "the woman's body is welcoming."[31][55][30] The album's success earned Wazekwa the Best Central African Male at the Kora Awards in South Africa.[31][58]

2005–2010: from Faux Mutu Moko Boye to Mémoire ya Nzambe

[edit]

In December 2005, Wazekwa issued his eighth studio album, Faux Mutu Moko Boye, often abbreviated FMMB, through Kiki Productions.[59][40] Wazekwa recorded Faux Mutu Moko Boye in Paris with Cultur'A Pays-Vie.[40] The album was highly successful and widely praised by the Kinshasa audience, with Wazekwa selling out performances.[59][40]

In February 2006, Wazekwa made his debut American tour with shows in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York, including a notable appearance at Harvard University during a symposium on Congolese culture.[40] Towards the year's end, Wazekwa issued a six-track maxi-single titled Mosapi Liboso as part of his endorsement with Bralima.[59] However, in 2007, Cultur'A Pays experienced consecutive departures of several key members who joined the Quartier Latin International led by Wazekwa's former collaborator and rival, Koffi Olomidé.[59] In January 2008, Wazekwa recruited new backing vocalists and unveiled his ninth studio album, Que Demande Le Peuple? through his Foundation Wazekwa label, which became Cultur'A Pays's debut studio album.[60][61][59] The following year, he presented a major concert at the Olympia Hall in Paris and another at the Zénith de Lille.[59]

After concluding his European tour, Wazekwa commenced work with Cultur'A Pays Vie on 13 October on the forthcoming three-track maxi-single La Chèvre de Monsieur Séguin, translated as "The Goat of Mr. Seguin", at ICA Studio of the RTNC's I.C.A (Institut Congolais de l'Audiovisuel et du Multimédia).[61][62] The maxi-single was released in December under Foundation Wazekwa and supported by singles "La Chèvre de Monsieur Séguin", "Alex Mfumu Nsi", and "Dhedhe Mupasa Mot De Passe".[60][61] Following La Chèvre de Monsieur Séguin's release, Wazekwa maximized promotional efforts by granting interviews to the French radio station RFI (Radio France Internationale).[63]

In an interview with Nico Kalambay of Radio Okapi on 8 June 2009, Wazekwa announced that his tenth studio album, Mémoire ya Nzambe, was nearing completion.[64] He went to Paris to finalize its production, and the album was eventually released on 15 July 2010.[64][65] Produced by Kiki Touré through Kiki Productions, the album included 13 tracks and featured Simaro Lutumba on the eponymous track.[66][67][68] Mémoire ya Nzambe subtly taunts his former musicians who left Cultur'A Pays-Vie.[66][59] He promoted Mémoire ya Nzambe with a performance at Zénith de Paris on 9 October.[69]

2011–2019: from Haut Les Mains! to "La Chicotte des Léopards"

[edit]

In 2011, Wazekwa released his 10-track maxi-single titled Haut Les Mains! on compact disc and Digital Video Disc.[59][70][71] However, following its debut, Haut Les Mains! was pirated and broadcast clandestinely at Place de la Victoire, one of Kinshasa's primary venues, without facing any consequences.[70]

In May 2012, during an interview with Radio Okapi, Wazekwa announced his forthcoming eleventh studio album, Adamu Na Eva (Adam and Eve).[14] He also told the press that the choice of the album's name stemmed from a desire to affirm the uniqueness of the human race despite variances in complexion, ethnicity, and dialect. Wazekwa further disclosed he was collaborating on the record with fellow Congolese rhythm guitarist Simaro Lutumba.[14] By July 2013, Wazekwa proclaimed that Adamu Na Eva was in its conclusive phases of production, having completed the visual accompaniments, and was in pursuit of reputable distribution entities both domestically in Kinshasa and internationally to avoid falling into the hands of corrupt producers.[15] While awaiting an ideal distributor, Wazekwa and Cultur'A Pays continued rehearsals within the Ngiri-Ngiri commune.[15] Adamu Na Eva was officially launched on 19 September 2013, comprising ten tracks.[16] Wazekwa subsequently supported Adamu Na Eva with a live performance alongside Cultur'A Pays Vie at the Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hôtel on 30 November, followed by a concert in Kongo Central Province at the Ledya Hotel in Matadi. He later performed in Brazzaville with Cultur'A Pays Vie at the Ledger Plaza Maya Maya hotel, and later returned to Kinshasa for a performance at the Venus Hotel in Gombe.[72]

Wazekwa began recording his 13-track twelfth studio album, I Love You, in early 2014 in Kinshasa.[17][18] During this time, he performed at the Marché de la Liberté in Kinshasa on 13 June 2014[17] and at the Bralima-sponsored Primus Fete de la Musique at the Théâtre de Verdure in the Ngaliema commune.[73] On 20 December, he released the album's lead single "Bouffez-Moi Tout Ça" in the Paris market.[19] I Love You was officially released on 3 January 2015.[19] He subsequently presented I Love You with a performance at the Foire Internationale de Kinshasa on 4 January.[19]

On 5 September 2015, Wazekwa issued the ndombolo-infused single "Fimbu".[20] The term fimbu in Lingala denotes a type of whip, historically emblematic of Belgian colonial subjugation in the expansive Central African subregion, and persists in contemporary use despite prohibitions on corporal punishment.[74] In an interview with Radio Okapi, Wazekwa explained that "Fimbu" was a call against impunity and violence toward women, claiming that fimbu is primarily a plea for the eradication of impunity and that offenders "deserve to be reprimanded... the dance movements resembled correcting a person with a sprain... this concept could also apply to football".[75][20][76] The song quickly gained popularity, particularly in support of the Congolese national football team, Les Léopards. Wazekwa was summoned to perform at Cinema Atlântico in Luanda on 10 October of that year.[77] The accompanying "Fimbu Chicotte" dance gained widespread acclaim across Africa in the lead-up to the 2016 African Nations Championship[78] and later became a sleeper hit in 2017 during the Africa Cup of Nations, emerging as a celebratory dance for Les Léopards to commemorate every goal scored.[23][22][24][25] The dance also propelled Wazekwa to fame across Europe, notably among the continent's diaspora in Belgium and France.[1][79]

On 1 April 2017, Wazekwa released the audio for "Debout Africains", a remixed version of "Fimbu" with an educational theme promoting African unity. The song incorporates elements of the Congolese national anthem and includes lyrics in English, Swahili, and French.[80] On 16 December, Wazekwa premiered the single "Papa Wemba - Le Prince de la Rumba", as a tribute to Papa Wemba.[81] This was succeeded by "Icône d'Afrique", a tribute to Simaro Lutumba.[82] On 15 June 2019, he dropped "La Chicotte des Léopards" for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations to support Les Léopards.[83][84] Described by Congolese digital media outlet Mbote.cd as a "danceable theme", the song's music video featured Wazekwa and several individuals dancing the fimbu dance around the pool.[83]

2020–present: Article 23 and standalone releases

[edit]

In December 2019, Wazekwa released his thirteenth studio double album titled Article 23, which included guest appearances by Barbara Kanam and Héritier Watanabe. Produced by his record label Foundation Wazekwa, it consisted of 24 tracks.[59][85] On 14 December, he premiered the album's eponymous ndombolo-infused lead single, which emulated Charlie Chaplin's Tramp character with shouts, notably "Charlie Chaplin Charlot!" and accompanied by a dance where the entire Cultur'A Pays Vie imitated Chaplin's on-screen persona.[86]

On 24 December 2020, Wazekwa released the lyric video for his English-inflected single "It's My Call".[87] He followed up with "Miliki", a song in which Wazekwa extols his partner, likening her to the cherished milk of his childhood.[88] On 14 July 2021, he debuted "Kilelo", a cover compilation of the most successful songs of notable Congolese musicians, including JB Mpiana, Werrason and Jossart N'Yoka Longo.[89][90] On 17 March 2022, Wazekwa released the single "Leopards Fimbu International" in support of Les Léopards during the play-off phase for the 2022 FIFA World Cup African qualifiers.[91][92] The track featured guest appearances by Flaety W. Manuke, Lokua Kanza, Kadiyoyo, JB Mpiana, Barbara Kanam, Koffi Olomide, Cindy Le Cœur, Héritier Watanabe, Laetitia Lokua, Adolphe Dominguez, Werrason, Lemiran LEM, Kristy Diamond, Ferré Gola, and Innoss'B.[93]

Wazekwa participated in the sixth anniversary of Papa Wemba's passing alongside his family, A'Salfo, Reddy Amisi, Cathérine Kathungu Furaha, and Viva la Musica.[94] On 25 June, Wazekwa published the single "Épaisseur",[95] followed by "Entrepreneuriat" featuring Jossart N'Yoka Longo, which urges Congolese people to engage in entrepreneurial activities.[96] On 3 February 2023, he collaborated with his erstwhile rival Koffi on the Congolese rumba-infused single "Eau Pure", a year after their reconciliation ended years of conflict that had characterized the Congolese music scene.[97] He then appeared with Cindy Le Coeur on stage alongside Koffi during her concert at Millionaire Club in Kinshasa.[98]

On 12 July, Wazekwa premiered "Tik Tok", featuring a guest appearance by Fabregas Le Métis Noir.[99] He subsequently performed at Stade des Martyrs with Fabregas Le Métis Noir, becoming one of the few Congolese artists to grace the stage at the venue.[100][101][102] On 30 September, Wazekwa performed alongside Ferré Gola, JB Mpiana, Werrason, Héritier Watanabe, and Fabregas Le Métis Noir at Stade Tata Raphaël during the "Célébrons le Héros" mega musical event, which expressed gratitude to President Félix Tshisekedi for the successful organization of the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie held in Kinshasa.[103]

Discography

[edit]

Studio albums

[edit]
  • Tétragramme, YHWH (1995)
  • Pauvres, Mais… (1997)
  • Bonjour Monsieur (1998)
  • Sponsor (1999)
  • Signature (2001)
  • Yo Nani ? (2002)
  • Et Après... (2004)
  • Faux Mutu Moko Boye (2005)
  • Que Demande Le Peuple? (2008)
  • Mémoire ya Nzambe (2010)
  • Adamu Na Eva (2013)
  • I Love You (2015)
  • Article 23 (2020)

Maxi-singles

[edit]
  • Mosapi Liboso (2006)
  • La chèvre de Monsieur Seguin (2009)
  • Haut les mains (2011)

Collaborations

[edit]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Year Event Prize Recipient Result Ref.
1995 ACMCO Best Revelation of the Year Himself Won [8][43]
2001 CHADA Best Artist of the Year Himself Won [8]
2001 CHADA Best Group of the Year Cultur'A Pays-Vie Won [8][31]
2001 ACMCO Best Composer Himself Won [31]
2001 ACMCO Best Artist Himself Won [31]
2001 ACMCO Best Orchestra Cultur'A Pays-Vie Won [31]
2004 Kora Awards Best Central African Male Himself Won [30][31]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Kibangula, Treasure (16 June 2017). "RDC: Félix Wazekwa, l'homme qui fait danser les Léopards" [DRC: Félix Wazekwa, the man who makes the Leopards dance]. Jeune Afrique (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  2. ^ Diala, Jordache (8 November 2017). "Congo-Kinshasa: Du micro à la plume - Wazekwa s'apprête à publier "Le petit bonbon de la sagesse"" [Congo-Kinshasa: From microphone to pen - Wazekwa prepares to publish "The little candy of wisdom"]. Laprosperiteonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  3. ^ De Staercke, Jean-Pierre (14 July 2010). "Remous autour de l'affaire Wazekwa" [Stirring around the Wazekwa affair]. La Dernière Heure (in French). Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  4. ^ Luviya, Boris (January 11, 2018). "Congo-Kinshasa: Vernissage du livre - "Les petits bonbons de la sagesse" de Félix Wazekwa" [Congo-Kinshasa: Opening of the book - "The little sweets of wisdom" by Félix Wazekwa]. Laprosperiteonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  5. ^ a b Mpange, Wolombi Monga (2002). "Verbe Et Poeticite Dans L'œuvre Musicale De Felix Wazekwa". Annales Aequatoria. 23: 429–441. ISSN 0254-4296. JSTOR 25836791.
  6. ^ a b "RDC: le chanteur Félix Wazekwa va sortir un livre" [DRC: singer Félix Wazekwa will release a book]. Music In Africa (in French). 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  7. ^ Bessem, Frank (March 2002). "Musiques d'Afrique/D.R. Congo: Félix Wazekwa". www.musiques-afrique.net. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Cultur'a Pays Vie: Biographie". cultura6.tripod.com (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  9. ^ a b Eyre, Banning (December 3, 2011). "Afropop Worldwide: Felix Wazekwa, 2006". Afropop Worldwide. Brooklyn, New York City, New York State, United States. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  10. ^ "Felix Wazekwa". Music In Africa (in French). 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  11. ^ a b c d "Wazekwa Felix alias Felix Wazekwa S'Grave". Universrumbacongolaise.com (in French). July 26, 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  12. ^ a b Donelson, Marcy. "Felix Wazekwa Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  13. ^ "Biographie de Félix Wazekwa". musicMe (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  14. ^ a b c "Félix Wazekwa prépare son prochain album "Adamu na eva"" [Félix Wazekwa is preparing his next album "Adamu Na Eva"]. Radio Okapi (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  15. ^ a b c Ikombe, J.M. (July 4, 2013). "Félix Wazekwa achève la réalisation de l'album " Adamu na Eva "" [Félix Wazekwa completes the production of the album "Adamu na Eva"]. tomrig3.rssing.com. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  16. ^ a b Kianimi, Patrick (September 18, 2013). "Musique: l'album "Adamu na Eva" sur le marché du disque" [Music: the album "Adamu na Eva" on the record market]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  17. ^ a b c "Groupe " Cultur'A Pays Vie " : Félix Wazekwa prépare " I love you "" ["Cultur'A Pays Vie" group: Félix Wazekwa prepares "I Love You"]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. May 20, 2014. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  18. ^ a b ""I love you" de Félix Wazekwa est sorti en France" ["I Love You" by Félix Wazekwa was released in France]. Radio Okapi (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2014-12-22. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  19. ^ a b c d Masela, Nioni (January 3, 2015). "Musique: Félix Wazekwa fait danser en fin d'année avec I love you" [Music: Félix Wazekwa gets people dancing at the end of the year with I love you]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  20. ^ a b c "Musique: Félix Wazekwa largue "Fimbu" dans les bacs" [Music: Félix Wazekwa drops "Fimbu" in stores]. Radio Okapi (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2015-09-07. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  21. ^ "Avec son nouvel opus "Fimbu" : Félix Wazekwa promet de chicoter!" [With his new opus Fimbu: Félix Wazekwa promises to be fun!]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. September 4, 2015. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  22. ^ a b "FIMBU: DR Congo's dancing footballers leave mark at AFCON". Independent.co.ug. Kampala, Uganda. 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  23. ^ a b Jourdier, Marc (2017-02-01). "DRC's dancing footballers leave mark at Afcon 2017". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  24. ^ a b "DR Congo's dancing footballers leave mark at Africa Cup of Nations". Worldsoccertalk.com. February 5, 2017. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  25. ^ a b Toskin, Robin. "DANCING LEOPARDS TACKLE STARS: Can Kenya prevent DR Congo from whipping with Wazekwa's 'Fimbu'?". The Standard. Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  26. ^ "E-Journal Kinshasa: Hebdomadaires, 4è Année, Octobre 2023, Nouvelle série no229" (PDF). E-journal.info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. July 2023. p. 14. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  27. ^ Nzuzi, Aline (February 7, 2018). "Livres: Félix Wazekwa publie "Les petits bonbons de la sagesse"" [Books: Félix Wazekwa publishes "The Little Candies of Wisdom"]. adiac.netisse.eu (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  28. ^ "Tout savoir sur " les petits bonbons de la sagesse " de F. Wazekwa" [Everything you need to know about "the little candies of wisdom" by F. Wazekwa]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. January 11, 2018. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  29. ^ "Felix Wazekwa a organisé le vernissage de son livre " Les Petits bonbons de la sagesse "" [Felix Wazekwa organized the opening of his book "The Little Sweets of Wisdom"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Wazekwa Felix alias Felix Wazekwa S'Grave". Universrumbacongolaise.com (in French). July 26, 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
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  32. ^ a b c d e f g h Kibangula, Treasure (June 16, 2017). "RDC: Félix Wazekwa, l'homme qui fait danser les Léopards" [DRC: Félix Wazekwa, the man who makes the Leopards dance]. Jeune Afrique (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  33. ^ a b c d e "Félix Wazekwa S'Grave, un de plus grands paroliers de la Rumba Congolaise" [Félix Wazekwa S'Grave, one of the greatest lyricists of Congolese Rumba] (PDF). E-journal.info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. July 2023. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  34. ^ Kauta, Adjuvant Kribios (June 25, 2022). "Coup d'œil sur la vie privée de l'artiste Félix Wazekwa" [A look at the private life of artist Félix Wazekwa]. Kribios Universal (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  35. ^ a b c René-Worms, Pierre (16 December 2004). "Les Proverbes de Félix Wazekwa" [The Proverbs of Felix Wazekwa]. RFI Musique (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  36. ^ a b c "Félix Wazekwa: "je ne regrette pas d'avoir abandonné les études pour la musique"" [Félix Wazekwa: "I don't regret having abandoned studies for music"]. Ba Sango Ya Congo Kinshasa (French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  37. ^ ""Nzete Ya Sequoia" on of Papa Wemba greatest song explained - CongoleseMusic.com". Congolese Music. 2020-12-10. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  38. ^ René-Worms, Pierre (16 December 2004). "Les Proverbes de Félix Wazekwa" [The Proverbs of Felix Wazekwa]. RFI Musique (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  39. ^ "Felix Wazekwa: «C'est papa Wemba qui m'a poussé à aller sur scène»" [Felix Wazekwa: "It was Dad Wemba who pushed me to go on stage"]. Radio Okapi (in French). 27 April 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Eyre, Banning (3 December 2011). "Afropop Worldwide: Felix Wazekwa, 2006". Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  41. ^ Schwann Publications (November 1996). Schwann Spectrum: Winter 1996. Schwann Publications. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-57598-038-6.
  42. ^ The Beat, Volume 17. Melbourne, Australia: Beat Magazine. 1998. p. 35.
  43. ^ a b c d Mpange, Wolombi Monga (2002). "Verbe Et Poeticite Dans L'œuvre Musicale De Felix Wazekwa". Annales Aequatoria. 23: 429–441. ISSN 0254-4296. JSTOR 25836791.
  44. ^ a b c d Afrique magazine, Issues 140-149 (in French). Paris, France: Jeune Afrique Media Group. 1997. p. 19.
  45. ^ a b c d The Beat, Volume 17. Melbourne, Australia: Beat Magazine. 1998. p. 35.
  46. ^ a b c "Biographie de Félix Wazekwa". musicMe (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  47. ^ Schwann Spectrum, Volume 10. New York, New York, United States: Stereophile. 2001. p. 744. ISBN 978-1-57598-079-9.
  48. ^ "Felix Wazekwa – Sponsor". Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. 1999. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  49. ^ a b "Felix Wazekwa S'Grave – Signature". Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. June 2001. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  50. ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: L'UMUCO prépare une chanson patriotique en faveur des récentes mesures économiques" [Congo-Kinshasa: UMUCO prepares a patriotic song in favor of recent economic measures]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 6 June 2001. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  51. ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa ce samedi à l'YMCA" [Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa this Saturday at the YMCA]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 15 June 2001. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  52. ^ a b Mampuya, Célé (17 August 2001). "Congo-Kinshasa: Avec la complicité du PDG Dienda: Félix Wazekwa a fait sauter le CINEMAX" [Congo-Kinshasa: With the complicity of CEO Dienda: Félix Wazekwa blew up CINEMAX]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  53. ^ a b c Guyo, Mavambu Leya (24 May 2002). "Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa joue avec "Cultura Pays Vie" à Paris en juillet" [Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa performs with “Cultura Pays Vie” in Paris in July]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  54. ^ "Wazekwa S'Grave – Yo Nani ?". Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. November 12, 2002. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  55. ^ a b René-Worms, Pierre (16 December 2004). "Les Proverbes de Félix Wazekwa" [The Proverbs of Felix Wazekwa]. RFI Musique (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  56. ^ "Cultur'A Pays-Vie, Felix Wazekwa S'Grave: Et Après..." Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. 25 August 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  57. ^ Seck, Nago (11 May 2007). "Kiki Productions". Afrisson (in French). Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  58. ^ Pype, Katrien (2012). The Making of the Pentecostal Melodrama: Religion, Media and Gender in Kinshasa. New York City, New York State, United States: Berghahn Books. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-85745-494-2.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kauta, Adjuvant Kribios (24 September 2021). "De parolier à écrivain via artiste musicien, tout savoir sur le parcours de Félix Wazekwa" [From lyricist to writer via musician artist, everything you need to know about Félix Wazekwa's career]. Kribios Universal (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  60. ^ a b "La Chèvre de Monsieur Séguin" [Mr. Séguin's Goat]. Radio Okapi (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 21 December 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  61. ^ a b c "Felix Wazekwa prepares a 3 titles Maxi single for the end of the year". PLANET NGWASSUMA. 20 October 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  62. ^ "Institut Congolais de l'Audiovisuel et du Multimédia (I.C.A)" [Congolese Institute of Audiovisual and Multimedia (ICA)]. Music In Africa (in French). 17 June 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  63. ^ Siar, Claudy (5 March 2009). "Radio France Internationale: La chèvre de Mr. Seguin". Radio France Internationale (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  64. ^ a b "Félix Wazekwa". Radio Okapi (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  65. ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa dans la fièvre de "Mémoire ya Nzambe"!" [Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa in the fever of "Mémoire ya Nzambe"!]. La Prospérité (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  66. ^ a b Enyimo, Martin (1 October 2011). "Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa, géniteur des verbes dans la musique congolaise" [Congo-Kinshasa: Félix Wazekwa, father of verbs in Congolese music]. Le Potentiel (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  67. ^ "RDC: le chanteur Félix Wazekwa va sortir un livre" [DRC: Singer Félix Wazekwa to release a book]. Music In Africa (in French). 24 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  68. ^ Kianimi, Patrick (18 September 2013). "Musique: l'album "Adamu na Eva" sur le marché du disque" [Music: the album "Adamu na Eva" on the record market]. Adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  69. ^ Gnaglom, Essi (7 September 2010). "Felix Wazekwa en concert au Zénith de paris le samedi 9 octobre 2010" [Felix Wazekwa in concert at the Zénith in Paris on Saturday October 9, 2010]. Afrik (in French). Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  70. ^ a b Diala, Jordache (July 4, 2012). "Congo-Kinshasa: Wazekwa - Bientôt une bombe nommée « Adamu Na Eva! »" [Congo-Kinshasa: Wazekwa - Soon a bomb called "Adamu Na Eva!"]. Laprosperiteonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  71. ^ "Felix Wazekwa – Haut Les Mains!". Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  72. ^ "Un week-end inédit au GHK : Wazekwa au front pour défendre « Adamu na Eva »" [An unprecedented weekend at GHK: Wazekwa at the front to defend "Adamu Na Eva"]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. November 28, 2013. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  73. ^ Masela, Nioni (June 21, 2014). "Kinshasa : le week-end consacré à la Fête de la musique" [Kinshasa: the weekend dedicated to the Music Festival]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  74. ^ "DR Congo's dancing footballers leave mark at Africa Cup of Nations". English.ahram.org.eg. Boulaq, Cairo, Egypt. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  75. ^ "Félix Wazekwa: Aujourd'hui, même dans les églises, on chasse désormais Satan avec fimbu!" [Félix Wazekwa: Today, even in churches, we now chase Satan with fimbu!]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 27 January 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  76. ^ Kibangula, Trésor (16 June 2017). "RDC: Félix Wazekwa, l'homme qui fait danser les Léopards" [DRC: Félix Wazekwa, the man who makes the Leopards dance]. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  77. ^ Enyimo, Martin (October 9, 2015). "Wazekwa se confie avant sa production à Luanda" [Art of Orpheus: Wazekwa speaks before its production in Luanda]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  78. ^ Enyimo, Martin (February 10, 2016). "Chan 2016 : le trophée des Léopards présenté à la population de Kinshasa" [Chan 2016: the Leopards trophy presented to the population of Kinshasa]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  79. ^ "Félix Wazekwa: Aujourd'hui, même dans les églises, on chasse désormais Satan avec fimbu ! – Mbote" [Félix Wazekwa: Today, even in churches, we now chase Satan with fimbu!]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. January 27, 2017. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  80. ^ "Découvrez "Debout Africains", le nouveaux single de Felix Wazekwa" [Discover "Debout Africains", the new single by Felix Wazekwa]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  81. ^ "Découvrez le clip de Félix Wazekwa en hommage à Papa Wemba" [Discover Félix Wazekwa's music video in tribute to Papa Wemba]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 17 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  82. ^ "Découvrez "Icône d'Afrique", le clip de Félix Wazekwa en hommage à Simaro Lutumba" [Discover "Icône d’Afrique", Félix Wazekwa's music video in tribute to Simaro Lutumba]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  83. ^ a b "Découvrez "La Chicotte des Léopards", le clip de Félix Wazekwa pour la CAN 2019" [Discover "La Chicotte des Léopards", Félix Wazekwa's music video for CAN 2019]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 15 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  84. ^ "Félix Wazekwa: "En préparation d'une nouvelle chanson pour la CAN 2019…Cette fois-ci, ils auront plus que fimbu"" [Félix Wazekwa: "Preparing a new song for CAN 2019…This time, they will have more than just fimbu"]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 3 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  85. ^ "Felix Wazekwa – Article 23". Discogs. Beaverton, Oregon, United States. 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  86. ^ "Découvrez les clips « Article 23 » et « Bindu » de Félix Wazekwa" [Discover the clips "Article 23" and "Bindu" by Félix Wazekwa]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. December 14, 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  87. ^ "Félix Wazekwa tease la vidéo lyrics de son single "It's My Call"" [Félix Wazekwa teases the lyrics video for his single "It's My Call"]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 27 December 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  88. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (24 June 2021). "Découvrez le clip «Miliki» de Félix Wazekwa" [Discover the music video "Miliki" by Félix Wazekwa]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  89. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (15 July 2021). "Découvrez le clip "Kilelo" de Felix Wazekwa" [Discover the music video "Kilelo" by Felix Wazekwa]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  90. ^ "YouTube: 1 million de vues pour le clip « Kilelo » de Félix Wazekwa – Mbote" [YouTube: 1 million views for Félix Wazekwa's "Kilelo" clip]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  91. ^ Kabamba, Jérémie (18 March 2022). ""Léopards Fimbu", Félix Wazekwa, koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Ferre Gola, Héritier Wata, Lokua Kanza, Innoss'B… réunis pour la victoire face au Maroc" ["Leopards Fimbu", Félix Wazekwa, koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Ferre Gola, Héritier Wata, Lokua Kanza, Innoss'B… united for the victory against Morocco]. Strong2kin Moov (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  92. ^ "Werrason, Koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Felix Wazekwa et pleins d'autres artistes dans la chanson "Fimbu international" en soutien aux Léopards" [Werrason, Koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Felix Wazekwa and many other artists in the song “Fimbu international” in support of the Leopards]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 17 March 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  93. ^ "Werrason, Koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Felix Wazekwa et pleins d'autres artistes dans la chanson "Fimbu international" en soutien aux Léopards" [Werrason, Koffi Olomide, JB Mpiana, Felix Wazekwa and many other artists in the song “Fimbu international” in support of the Leopards]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 17 March 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  94. ^ "A'Salfo, Felix Wazekwa, Reddy Amisi à la tombe de Papa Wemba" [A'Salfo, Felix Wazekwa, Reddy Amisi at Papa Wemba's grave]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 24 April 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  95. ^ "Découvrez le clip du générique "Epaisseur" de Félix Wazekwa" [Discover the music video for "Epaisseur" by Félix Wazekwa]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  96. ^ "Felix Wazekwa dévoile le clip "Entrepreunariat" en feat avec Jossart Nyoka Longo" [Felix Wazekwa unveils the music video "Entrepreunariat" featuring Jossart Nyoka Longo]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  97. ^ "Félix Wazekwa dévoile le clip "Eau pure" en featuring avec Koffi Olomide" [Félix Wazekwa unveils the clip "Eau pure" featuring Koffi Olomide]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 3 February 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  98. ^ "Félix Wazekwa au concert de Cindy Le Cœur à Kinshasa" [Félix Wazekwa at the Cindy Le Cœur concert in Kinshasa]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  99. ^ "Felix Wazekwa dévoile son clip "Tik Tok" en featuring avec Fabregas le Metis Noir" [Felix Wazekwa unveils his music video "Tik Tok" featuring Fabregas le Metis Noir]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 12 July 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  100. ^ "Felix Wazekwa n'a pas réalisé le plein pour son concert au Stade des Martyrs" [Felix Wazekwa was not full for his concert at the Stade des Martyrs]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 12 August 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  101. ^ "Concert au Stade des Martyrs : Fabregas le Metis Noir rejoint Felix Wazekwa sur scène" [Concert at the Stade des Martyrs: Fabregas the Metis Noir joins Felix Wazekwa on stage]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 12 August 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  102. ^ "Pour les internautes, Félix Wazekwa entre dans le cercle fermé des artistes ayant livré un concert au Stade des Martyrs" [For Internet users, Félix Wazekwa enters the closed circle of artists who have given a concert at the Stade des Martyrs]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  103. ^ "Affluence au stade Tata Raphaël pour le concert "Célébrons le Héros" avec Ferre Gola, JB Mpiana, Werrason, Félix Wazekwa, Heritier Watanabe et Fabregas le Metis Noir" [Crowd at the Tata Raphaël stadium for the "Célébrons le Héros" concert with Ferre Gola, JB Mpiana, Werrason, Félix Wazekwa, Heritier Watanabe and Fabregas the Metis Noir]. Mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 30 September 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
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