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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Copa and the second or maternal family name is Murga.
Eva Copa
Official photo of Senator Eva Copa, 2015
Mayor of El Alto
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 May 2021
Preceded bySoledad Chapetón
President of the Senate
In office
14 November 2019 – 3 November 2020
Preceded byJeanine Áñez[a]
Succeeded byAndrónico Rodríguez
Senator for La Paz
In office
18 January 2015 – 3 November 2020
SubstituteMiguel Manuel Coñaja
Preceded byEugenio Rojas
Succeeded byFelix Ajpi
Personal details
Born
Mónica Eva Copa Murga

(1987-01-03) 3 January 1987 (age 37)
El Alto, La Paz, Bolivia
Political partyIndependent (2021–present)
Other political
affiliations		Movement for Socialism
(2014–2020)
Jallalla La Paz (2020–2021)
Alma materPublic University of El Alto
AwardsBBC 100 Women, 2022[2]
Signature
Websiteevacopa.bo
Eva Copa's voice
Copa is interviewed by the press shortly after clashes in Senkata, 19 November 2019.

Mónica Eva Copa Murga (born 3 January 1987) is a Bolivian politician, social worker, and former student leader serving as mayor of El Alto since 2021. As a member of the Movement for Socialism, she previously served as senator for La Paz from 2015 to 2020, during which time she was president of the Senate from 2019 to 2020.

Born to a family of Aymara descent, Copa studied at the Public University of El Alto, where she held student leadership positions. An unlikely choice of candidate due to her youth, she was elected senator for La Paz in 2014 but maintained a low profile for the majority of her tenure. In the midst of the 2019 political crisis, she quickly gained national prominence when the Plurinational Legislative Assembly elected her president of the Senate, a position of increased importance due to the vacancy in the vice-presidential office. Copa cooperated with the transitional government in convoking new elections, but also remained critical of what she viewed as its undemocratic tendencies.

Shortly after closing the legislative session, Copa was seen as a frontrunner for the mayorship of El Alto, but failed to receive the MAS' nomination. Her decision to present her candidacy on behalf of the Jallalla La Paz civic group resulted in her expulsion from the MAS' ranks. Nonetheless, Copa managed to win the election with almost seventy percent of the popular vote, a significant electoral defeat for the MAS in its historic center of support. On 3 May 2021, she was inaugurated as mayor of El Alto. Months into her term, Copa was ousted from Jallalla due to political disagreements with its leader but maintained a majority of supporters on the city's municipal council, conforming the so-called "RenuEva" bloc.

Early life and career

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Eva Copa was born on 3 January 1987 in El Alto, La Paz, the penultimate of seven children born to Clementina Murga, an artisan from Pucarani, and her husband, Ignacio Copa.[3][4] She was raised in the Pasankeri barrio of La Paz, along the border with El Alto, where she attended the Luís Espinal Camps Educational Unit.[5] While still a teenager, during the gas conflict of the early 2000s, she participated in popular protests that toppled the government of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. Upon graduating, she hoped to attend the Higher University of San Andrés but, due to the high tuition cost, she instead went to the Public University of El Alto (UPEA). While studying for a degree in social work, she participated in various student activist groups, eventually rising to become executive secretary of the Student Center and general secretary of the Local University Federation (FUL) of the UPEA. In this position, she represented the UPEA as a delegate to the Executive Committee of the Bolivian University's National Congress.[3][4]

Copa is married to Pablo Callisaya Ajahuana,[6] with whom she has two children: Santiago and Samanta. She lives with her children and mother in El Alto's 14th district; her husband periodically visits from his place of work in the city's interior. Copa is a Methodist, though she has emphasized the importance of Bolivia's status as a secular state.[3] Despite going by her middle name in public life, among friends and family, she is familiarly known as "Moni".[4]

Chamber of Senators

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Election

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Main article: 2014 Bolivian general election

In 2014, the FUL, as a member of the Regional Workers' Center (COR), submitted Copa, as a student representative, and Edwin Callejas, as a teacher representative, to the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP)'s list of pre-candidates for deputies, in preparation for that year's general elections. Though she was initially ruled out from consideration as either a deputy or substitute deputy, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE)'s decision to instruct parties to apply the principle of gender parity and alternation in candidacies led the MAS to revise its lists. As its candidate for first senator for La Paz was José Alberto Gonzales, the position of second senator corresponded to a woman from El Alto or one of the department's provinces. Despite being thirty-seventh on the list, Copa was ultimately selected as the MAS' candidate in representation of the UPEA, a fact she only learned by reading her name in the local newspaper.[3][7] Her nomination was atypical as the registration of candidates for Senate under thirty years of age was uncommon. It indicated that, within the MAS, access to legislative positions relied less on strength in party leadership and more on the occupation of positions relevant to related social movements.[8] Her campaign recruited the support of seventeen of the twenty-six student centers to participate in marches, paint murals, and accompany the candidates.[3]

Tenure

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Elected in the MAS' overwhelming 2014 victory, Copa was sworn in on 18 January 2015.[9] Despite being senator for one of the MAS' major bases of support, her lack of a close relationship with party boss and president Evo Morales led her to keep a low profile for the majority of her senatorial term.[10] This situation changed in the final months of her originally set term, when, after the resignation of Morales and much of his government in the midst of the 2019 political crisis, the remaining senators of the ruling party and the opposition unanimously elected her president of the Senate on 14 November. She succeeded Jeanine Áñez, who two days prior had briefly assumed the position before becoming president.[11][12] Due to the vacancy in the vice presidency left by Álvaro García Linera, who abdicated in tandem with Morales, Copa's position also correlated with the presidency of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly and left her next in line for the presidency.[13]

Copa and President Jeanine Áñez promulgate a law to convoke new general elections, 24 November 2019.

Despite the confrontational stance of the more radical sectors of the MAS, Copa took a conciliatory position towards the interim government. In her opening speech, she called on Bolivians to "divest [them]selves of colors, of radical positions", and stated that "what our country is looking for at this moment is peace".[14] In the early days of the transitional government, she pushed against demands by some members of her party for the assembly to reject Morales' resignation and worked with Áñez to enact the law that facilitated the convocation of new elections.[4][15] Finally, in January 2020, the assembly voted to definitively accept Morales' resignation.[16]

Due to her stances, some MAS groups supporting Morales demanded Copa's removal from the presidency of the Senate. At a rally that ratified the former president as the MAS' campaign manager, leaders of the power plants in Cochabamba proposed replacing her with Senator Pedro Montes of Oruro.[17] At a press conference held in December 2019, Copa denounced harassment from these MAS groups and targeted her colleague, Santa Cruz Senator Adriana Salvatierra, whom she labelled a "radical".[18] By the time of the renewal of the Senate directive on 21 January 2020, efforts to replace Copa had failed to come to fruition, and she was ratified as president of the Senate by a vote of thirty-three to zero with two abstentions.[19]

At the same time, Copa remained critical of the interim government's actions throughout her term. In particular, she affirmed that the government had mishandled its response to the COVID-19 pandemic and had used the health crisis as an excuse to postpone general elections and prolong its mandate. Additionally, she accused Áñez of "breaking her word" by presenting herself as a presidential candidate instead of maintaining neutrality in the transition.[20] Her relationship with Áñez's minister of government, Arturo Murillo, was also one of animosity and included accusations that he had waged a campaign of persecution against members of the MAS.[21]

After almost a year in office, Copa formally closed the 2015–2020 legislative term on 3 November 2020. In her final address, she affirmed her satisfaction with the assembly's work and highlighted that, as president of the Senate, she had succeeded in promulgating "twenty-eight laws in favor of the Bolivian people".[21] She added: "We are not perfect, we could have made mistakes, but we leave with a clear conscience".[22]

Mayor of El Alto

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Election

[edit]
Main article: 2021 El Alto municipal election

Shortly after the completion of her parliamentary term, Copa was presented among a broad list of sixteen pre-candidates for the MAS' nomination for the El Alto mayorship. Aside from Copa, the list included former parliamentarians, former ministers, and leaders of social movements and unions.[23] Despite being one of the main frontrunners for the nomination, with wide civic support,[24][25] it was ultimately decided that former interim mayor and union leader Zacarías "Ratuki" Maquera would be the MAS' candidate. Though Rodolfo Machaca, leader of the party's national directorate, stated that Maquera's nomination had been reached with consensus from the primary pre-candidates, including Copa, the Great General Headquarters of El Alto, a collective of local trade unions, rejected the candidacy. Union leader Bernardo Huanca accused Evo Morales of interfering in the designation of candidates and affirmed that Maquera's candidacy would entail a repeat of the 2015 election, in which then-incumbent mayor Edgar Patana was presented, only to lose to Soledad Chapetón. Víctor Tarqui, executive of the El Alto drivers' union, further asserted that Copa had the support of all twenty-one of the union's member organizations, as well as ninety percent of the population.[26]

Copa at the civic parade for the 35th anniversary of El Alto.

In the following days, Copa received multiple invitations to be the candidate of various opposition civic groups and political parties. Despite this, she stated that she "waited until the last moment" for the MAS to reconsider its decision. Finally, on 28 December 2020, Copa was proclaimed as candidate for mayor of El Alto on behalf of Jallalla La Paz, the civic group of Leopoldo Chui.[27] In an interview with La Razón, Copa asserted that she had not endorsed Maquera's nomination, as indicated by Machaca, but rather had committed to communicate the nomination to MAS bases in the city for them to accept or reject. At the same time, she stated that she had not renounced her membership in the MAS and left to it the decision whether or not to.[28] Shortly thereafter, on 1 January 2020, Marco Antonio Poma announced that the party's regional leadership in El Alto had chosen to expel Copa from the MAS for violating its organic statute. Copa responded to the party's decision by stating that "[the] MAS will always be in my heart". Moving forward, she stated that she would "continue to be on the left" and pledged to "build a new political project where young people have opportunities to emerge".[29]

After leading in polls with broad margins over her electoral rivals, Copa won the race with nearly seventy percent of the vote, with Maquera failing to crack twenty percent and the remaining twelve candidates trailing behind with between two and less than a percent. The Copazo highlighted a fracture in the ruling party's historic bases of support, dubbed "Eva vs. Evo". Political analysts pointed to discontent within MAS bases, particularly younger generations, who took issue with Morales' handpicking of political candidates as a primary reason for his party's disastrous defeat in the city. Other factors included Copa's ability to connect with Aymara voters, through a platform that offered a combination of modern management with an indigenous communitarian system.[30][31]

Tenure

[edit]

On 3 May 2021, Eva Copa was sworn in as mayor of El Alto. At her inauguration, she pledged to visit the various city districts in order to hear the concerns of Alteños and find popular solutions.[32] Copa highlighted education, public health, and jobs as the top priority for her administration and stated that the biggest challenge would be to manage the numerous financial and income issues inherited from the previous government.[33] With the end of the campaign season, the new mayor called for unity and reconciliation with the elected MAS councillors, whom she hoped would participate in the city's administration.[34] In keeping with her promise to promote the political participation of youth leaders, Copa announced that twenty-year-old councillor Iris Flores would head the Municipal Council as its president.[35]

Copa in traditional cholita garb, 6 March 2022.

In the first month of her management, Copa met with numerous social organizations to discuss the implementation of biosecurity measures to combat the ongoing pandemic. The parties ruled out the implementation of a quarantine but agreed to apply the mandatory use of masks and maintenance of social distancing. Additionally, Copa introduced a bill that would authorize the use of chlorine dioxide as a treatment for COVID-19 "voluntarily" and "with informed consent" in order to prevent the unsanctioned sale of the substance.[36] These rules went into force through the enactment of Laws 685 and 686 promulgated by the Municipal Council which, from that date, began a citywide awareness campaign promoting vaccinations and compliance with health measures.[37]

Composition of the El Alto Municipal Council: six Copa allies and five opponents from Jallalla and the MAS.

Less than a year into her term, on 26 August 2021, Jallalla leader Leopoldo Chui announced that the civic group had chosen to expel Copa from its ranks for her "betrayal" of the city and the political organization. According to Chui, Copa's candidacy was predicated on the agreement that her administration would coordinate all management aspects with Jallalla, a promise she had failed to comply with.[38] Chui went on to instruct the city's councillors and assembly members to withdraw their support for the mayor. Rury Balladares, secretary of Institutional Management of the El Alto Mayor's Office, affirmed that Chui's true motivation was to deflect focus from the internal conflicts among the members of Jallalla, especially after Santos Quispe, who was elected governor of La Paz as a member of the group, was expelled just a week into his administration. Copa's spokesperson, David Apaza, agreed with Balladares and added that the administration was not concerned about her expulsion because, of the eight Jallalla councillors, six maintained their support for Copa, while just two sided with Chui.[39][40] Shortly after, Daniel Ramos, president of the MAS in El Alto, ruled out the possibility of Copa rejoining the party because its statutes prohibit it.[41] Copa similarly rejected a return to the MAS, stating that she would "never again" be a member of the party, despite the rapprochement between herself and President Luis Arce through their collaborations in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. "I have other projects", she affirmed, indicating that she would look into forming her own bloc.[42] Apaza confirmed this, stating that her campaign slogan RenuEva "is already there" and that she would seek to register her political platform with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal under that acronym.[43]

Fulfilling a previous campaign promise, Copa convened the Alteñidad Assembly on 7 May 2022 at the Villa Ingenio Stadium of District 5. The event was attended by a majority[b] of the city's most significant social organizations, institutions, and national and regional authorities, all of whom approved the so-called Alteñidad Manifesto. As described by El Deber, the seven-point document was the "fruit of the democratic will of the social organizations of El Alto". A significant portion of it focused on El Alto's identity as a city, expressing support for expanding its Municipal Organic Charter in an effort to deepen decentralization in all districts. The end goal of such a project would be social self-management through agreements between the city's political institutions, neighborhood leaders, and organizations. Likewise, the manifesto's charters declared an emergency in defense of encroachment on the city's jurisdictional limits. In economics, the Alteños demanded that the national government allocate more educational and health aid and that public companies contribute more to development within the city. Finally, the city's social organizations agreed to cooperate with the Census Driving Committee to guarantee the participation of the entire population in the 2022 census.[45]

Electoral history

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Year Office Party Votes Result Ref.
Total % P.
2014 Senator Movement for Socialism 1,006,433 68.92% 1st[c] Won [46]
2021 Mayor Jallalla La Paz 406,700 68.70% 1st Won [47]
Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eva Copa.

Notes

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  1. ^ Áñez held the presidency of the Senate for approximately eight minutes on 12 November 2019 between assuming the position at 6:42 p.m. and subsequently assuming the presidency of the State at 6:50 p.m.[1]
  2. ^ MAS legislators from El Alto refused to attend the assembly.[44]
  3. ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.

Footnotes

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  1. ^ "Jeanine Áñez asume la presidencia del Estado de manera transitoria". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra: YouTube. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  2. ^ "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?". BBC News. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e Vaca, Mery (29 December 2019). "Eva Copa Murga, la aymara que no le tiene miedo a nada". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "Eva Copa, la conciliadora del MAS que facilitó las nuevas elecciones". Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Sucre. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 1 December 2019. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Semblanza Mónica Eva Copa Murga". web.senado.gob.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Senators. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  6. ^ Martela, Joaquin (14 May 2021). "Eva Copa's husband is not director of Human Talent of the Mayor's Office of El Alto". Bolivia Verifica. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022. … the name of Copa's husband is Pablo Callisaya Ajahuana
  7. ^ Cahuapaza Mamani, Ángel (5 January 2020). "Eva Copa y el MAS". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  8. ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 174
  9. ^ Condori, Betty (18 January 2015). "Parlamentarios electos juran a sus cargos para la nueva legislatura". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  10. ^ Aré Vásquez, Tuffí (7 March 2021). Written at Santa Cruz de la Sierra. "Elecciones en Bolivia: quién es Eva Copa, la mujer que rompió con Evo Morales y que este domingo le puede quitar su principal bastión". Infobae. Buenos Aires. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Senado elige nueva directiva a la cabeza de Eva Copa". Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Sucre. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Jeanine Áñez se declara presidenta interina de Bolivia". Aristegui News (in Spanish). Mexico City. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022. Senator Jeanine Áñez Chávez proclaimed herself interim president … . Moments before, Áñez Chávez, second vice president of the Senate, had proclaimed herself president of the Upper House … .
  13. ^ "Núñez dice que Eva Copa podría usar el avión FAB-002, si demuestra que es Vicepresidenta". Erbol (in Spanish). 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2022. Currently, Eva Copa serves as president of the Assembly, which is a vice-presidential prerogative, since she presides over the Senate. In addition, the senator has control of the facilities of the Vice Presidency in La Paz.
  14. ^ Ospina-Valencia, José (19 November 2019). "Bolivia: entre la anarquía y la democracia en riesgo". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Berlin. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022. Despojémonos de colores, de posiciones radicales. Lo que nuestro país busca en este momento es la paz.
  15. ^ Pozzebon, Stefano, ed. (24 December 2019). "Jeanine Áñez promulga ley de 'Régimen Excepcional y Transitorio para la realización de Elecciones Generales'". CN͠N (in Spanish). Atlanta. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Parlamento Boliviano acepta la renuncia de Evo Morales". El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. 21 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  17. ^ "En el MAS piden cambiar a Copa por Montes en Senado". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  18. ^ "Copa le dice 'radical' a Salvatierra y pide reabrir el caso contra su padre". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Senado reconforma su directiva y ratifica a Eva Copa como presidenta". Opinión (in Spanish). 21 January 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  20. ^ "'¿Sabe que mentir es un pecado?': La dura carta de Eva Copa a Jeanine Añez". Erbol (in Spanish). 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022. [Copa] le acusó que de 'faltar a su palabra' al ser candidata … .
  21. ^ a b "Eva Copa cierra ciclo en el Senado con el recuerdo de la carta a Áñez". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 3 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022. … la alteña resaltó que consiguió promulgar '28 leyes a favor del pueblo boliviano' … .
  22. ^ "Eva Copa: 'nos vamos con la conciencia tranquila'". El Potosí (in Spanish). Potosí. Erbol. 29 October 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022. … no somos perfectos, pudimos haber cometido errores, pero nos vamos con la conciencia tranquila … .
  23. ^ Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (19 November 2020). "El MAS suma 16 precandidatos en El Alto, oposición aún analiza sus fichas". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  24. ^ Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (14 December 2020). "Cuatro líderes del MAS compiten en El Alto por la nominación a la Alcaldía". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Leader David Apaza informed Página Siete that Copa, Maquera, and Choque are the main pre-candidates in El Alto.
  25. ^ "21 sectores de El Alto proclaman a Eva Copa para postular a alcaldía". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  26. ^ "El MAS anuncia a Zacarías Maquera como candidato a alcalde de El Alto; organizaciones sociales insisten con Eva Copa". El Alto Digital (in Spanish). El Alto. 26 December 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  27. ^ "Eva Copa es candidata a la Alcaldía de El Alto por Jallalla La Paz: 'Esperé (al MAS) hasta último momento'". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 28 December 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  28. ^ Flores, Rosío (30 December 2020). "Eva Copa: 'Yo no me alejé del MAS, ellos se alejaron de mí'". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  29. ^ "El MAS expulsa a la expresidenta del Senado boliviano Eva Copa". Europa Press (in Spanish). Madrid. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022. … Copa adelantó que va a 'construir un nuevo proyecto político donde los jóvenes tengan oportunidades para surgir, que nadie pueda cortar sus sueños'. 'Estoy entrando a jugar el partido con otro color, pero siempre voy a seguir siendo de izquierda … y el MAS siempre va a estar en mi corazón' … .
  30. ^ Machicao, Mónica; Ramos, Daniel (4 March 2021). Written at La Paz. "Evo versus Eva: Socialista enfrentan ajuste de cuenta en El Alto durante elecciones regionales". Reuters (in Spanish). London. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  31. ^ Aliaga, Javier (16 March 2021). "Eva Copa, la joven aymara que desafió a Evo Morales y arrasó en las elecciones de El Alto". France 24 (in Spanish). Paris. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  32. ^ "Eva Copa jura como alcaldesa de El Alto y compromete trabajo 24/7". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Erbol. 3 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  33. ^ Peréz, Karina (3 May 2021). "Eva Copa jura como alcaldesa de El Alto y anuncia gestionar reunión con Arce". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  34. ^ Chuquimia, Marco Antonio (3 May 2021). "Eva Copa jura como Alcaldesa y pide alianza con sectores para salir adelante". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Iris Flores, de 20 años, es presidenta del concejo municipal de El Alto". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). 4 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  36. ^ "El Alto: Copa impulsa ley para el uso de dióxido de cloro y descarta aplicar cuarentena rígida". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022. 'Se va a usar con consentimiento informado y de una forma voluntaria …', expresó Copa.
  37. ^ "¿Qué hizo Eva Copa en su primer mes como alcaldesa de El Alto?". El Alto Digital (in Spanish). 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  38. ^ "Jallalla expulsa a Eva Copa por 'traición' a El Alto y a la agrupación". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 26 August 2021. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022. La agrupación política Jallalla La Paz expulsó … , [a] Eva Copa, por 'traición' … .
  39. ^ "Chui: Eva Copa me has traicionado, Jallalla te dio la mano cuando el MAS te hizo a un lado". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 26 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022. The Jallalla party also expelled the governor of the department of La Paz, Santos Quispe, from its ranks for the same reason that the mayor of El Alto is now expelled.
  40. ^ Fortún, Juan Carlos (27 August 2021). "Eva Copa es expulsada de Jallalla; ella tiene mayoría de concejales". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Tras ser expulsada de Jallalla, MAS descarta retorno de Eva Copa a sus filas por 'traidora'". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 27 August 2021. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  42. ^ Gómez, Miguel (30 August 2021). "Eva Copa sentencia: Nunca más con el MAS, tengo otros proyectos". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Eva Copa, sentenció que 'nunca más con el MAS', ante un posible retorno al partido … . 'Tengo otros proyectos', indicó ante la consulta sobre un eventual retorno al MAS … .
  43. ^ "Tras romper alianza, Quispe y Copa buscan consolidar APU y RenuEva". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Urgent.bo. 29 April 2021. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022. 'Las sigla son RenuEva, que ya está ahí y … esa es la propuesta', declaró Apaza … .
  44. ^ Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (12 May 2022). "'Alteñidad' pide el curul de Angulo". Página Siete (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  45. ^ Tedesqui Vargas, Luis Marcelo (7 May 2022). "La Asamblea de la alteñidad se enfoca en el Censo y en lograr ítems para salud y educación". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022. El documento es el fruto de la voluntad democrática de las organizaciones sociales de El Alto y de la alcaldesa Eva Copa … .
  46. ^ "Elecciones Generales 2014 | Atlas Electoral". Plurinational Electoral Organ (in Spanish). La Paz. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  47. ^ "Elección de Alcaldes 2021 | Atlas Electoral". Plurinational Electoral Organ (in Spanish). La Paz. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

Bibliography

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