Euthalia monina

Euthalia monina
	E. m. tanagra from Palawan, the Philippines
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Euthalia
Species:	E. monina
Binomial name
	Euthalia monina; (Moore, 1859)
Synonyms
	Papilio monina Fabricius, 1787; Adolias ramada Moore, 1859; Nora perakana Fruhstorfer, 1899; Nora gardineri Fruhstorfer, 1906; Adolias kesava Moore, 1859; Euthalia rangoonensis C. Swinhoe, 1890; Adolias salia Moore, 1857;

Euthalia monina, the powdered baron or Malay baron, is a species of nymphalid butterfly. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1859.

Subspecies

E. m. monina (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi) – Malay baron
E. m. insularis Eliot, 1978 – (Peninsular Malaysia)
E. m. kesava (Moore, 1859) (Sikkim to Assam, Myanmar, southern Yunnan) – powdered baron
E. m. discipilota Moore, 1878 – (northern Myanmar)
E. m. remias Corbet – (central Myanmar to Thailand)
E. m. varius Tsukada, 1991
E. m. grahami Riley & Godfrey, 1921 – (Peninsular Thailand)
E. m. sastra Fruhstorfer – (Indochina)
E. m. tudela Fruhstorfer – (southern China, Hainan)
E. m. erana de Nicéville – (Sumatra, Batu Islands)
E. m. cordata Weymer, 1887 – (Nias Island)
E. m. ilka Fruhstorfer, 1899 – (northern Borneo)
E. m. natuna Fruhstorfer, 1906 – (Natuna Islands)
E. m. indras Vollenhoven – (southern Borneo)
E. m. salia (Moore, 1857) – (Java)
E. m. tanagra Staudinger – (Palawan)
E. m. suluana Fruhstorfer, 1902 – (Sulu Island)
E. m. sramana Fruhstorfer, 1913 – (Bali)
E. m. obsoleta Fruhstorfer, 1897 – (Lombok)
E. m. jiwabaruana Eliot, 1980 – (Mentawai Islands)

^[1] Several forms are described for subspecies monina, including form monina, decorata (Butler, 1869) and gardineri (Fruhstorfer, 1906). ^[1]

Description

The wingspan of these butterflies can reach about 50–70 millimetres (2.0–2.8 in).^[2] The males of Euthalia monina have blackish or dark brown wings, with a blue-green iridescence on the outer part. The wings of the females are dark brown with pale greyish markings.^[3]

Biology

Known host plants of the caterpillars include: Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae), Diospyros melanoxylon (Ebenaceae), Macaranga hullettii, Mallotus subpeltatus (Euphorbiaceae), and Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae). ^[1]^[4]

Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in Asia, mainly in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Peninsular Malaya, Sikkim - Assam, Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand.^[1] This butterfly prefers small clearings, glades and trails in primary rainforests, at an elevation of 0–1,000 metres (0–3,281 ft) above sea level.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Savela, Markku (15 December 2018). "Euthalia monina (Fabricius, 1787)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
^ "Samui Butterflies". Archived from the original on 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2014-08-30.
^ ^a ^b Learn about Butterflies
^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Lepidoptera Genus: Euthalia Lepidoptera Species: monina". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. doi:10.5519/havt50xw. Retrieved 18 August 2010.

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[fa-1] Savela, Markku (15 December 2018). "Euthalia monina (Fabricius, 1787)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

[fc-2] "Samui Butterflies". Archived from the original on 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2014-08-30.

[fb-3] Learn about Butterflies

[4] Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Lepidoptera Genus: Euthalia Lepidoptera Species: monina". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. doi:10.5519/havt50xw. Retrieved 18 August 2010.

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