Euphrates College

Euphrates College (Turkish: Fırat Koleji, Armenian: Եփրատ Գոլէճ) was a coeducational high school in the region of Harput (the town of Harput is now part of the city of Elazığ, in eastern Turkey), founded and directed by American missionaries and attended mostly by the Armenian community in the region.

History

In 1852 the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions established a theological seminary in Harput to educate clergymen for the Armenian Evangelical Church, and expanded it 1859 to "American Harput Missionary College". To meet the growing demand for general education in English language, the school's program was extended in 1878, and it was renamed "Armenia College". However, after 10 years, the Ottoman authorities urged to change the school's name, which became finally "Euphrates College". For the building of the college, $140,000 funds were raised from the US Government and $40,000 from the local people in 1875. The facilities at the college consisted of a hospital and an orphanage in addition to a theological seminary and high schools for boys and girls. In 1891, the school shortly released a handwritten newspaper called Asbarez, which was soon forbidden by the Ottoman authorities.^[1]

In 1895, Kurds looted and burned the Armenian villages on the Harput plain, and in the same month the town was attacked and eight of the twelve buildings on the campus were burned down.

Following a change in the approach towards the Armenian population during the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire, the Armenians received much more rights.^[2] In 1909, the college began to publish a newspaper called Yeprad (Euphrates in Armenian).^[1] A printing press was installed within the college and following several bulletins, but also religious and school books were printed in Armenian script.^[1] The college was an influential institution for the cultivation of the Armenian language during the Ottoman Empire and in 1913 the 1500th anniversary of the Armenian alphabet was celebrated with a large procession.^[3]^[2] With the support of German missionaries, in the college was inaugurated a Bible school on the 1 October 1913.^[4] In 1915 several of the leading Armenian members of the faculty were arrested, tortured, and executed on trumped-up charges. The college buildings were then occupied by the Ottoman Military and initially used as training camp, and later as a military hospital.^[5]

Euphrates College was officially closed shortly after the founding of the Republic of Turkey and nothing now remains of its buildings.

Presidents

Dr. Crosby Wheeler (1878-1893)
Dr. James Levi Barton (1893-1894)
Dr. Caleb Frank Gates (1894-1903)
Rev. Henry H. Riggs (1903-1910)
Ernest Wilson Riggs (1910 - 1921) (Henry H. Riggs' brother)^[6] departed Euphrates in 1921 to conduct Near East Relief work for a year, was expelled from Turkey, and then became a corresponding secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions^[7]

Faculty

In addition to Lulejian: Nigohos Tenekejian, Hachadoor Nahigian, Garabed Sohigian, Hovhannes Bujicanian, Mergerdich Vorberian, Samuel Hachadoorian. These 7 names are cited as Professors at Euphrates College on a memorial monument at Vernon Grove Cemetery, Milford, Massachusetts. Other memorials to Armenia & 11 Armenian victims of a 1914 fire on West St. are also in the same cemetery.

Notable students

Shahan Natalie

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Tachijan, Vahé (2015-09-28). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.). World War I and the End of the Ottomans: From the Balkan Wars to the Armenian Genocide. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-78453-246-8.
^ ^a ^b "Great Celebration in Harpoot" (PDF). www.dlir.org. The Orient. 12 November 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
^ Tachijan, Vahé (2015-09-28). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.).p.221
^ "Great Celebration in Harpoot" (PDF). www.dlir.org. The Orient. 12 November 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
^ Henry H. Riggs, "Days of Tragedy in Armenia: Personal Experiences in Harpoot, 1915-1917", 1997, Michigan.
^ McGrew, William (2015). Educating across Cultures: Anatolia College in Turkey and Greece. Lanham+ Boulder + New York + London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-4422-4346-0. Retrieved 26 August 2016. Appointed an instructor at Euphrates College at Harput (1904), where his older brother, Henry, then presided.... he succeeded his brother in 1910 as president of Euphrates College until it was closed by World War I. Following the war, Ernest became Child Welfare Director for the NER... was expelled from Turkey in 1921
^ Shavit, David (1988). The United States in the Middle East: a historical dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313253416. "Riggs graduated.. and was ordained in 1910... president of Euphrates College from 1910 to 1921, child welfare director of the Near East Relief in 1920-1921; and associate secretary and corresponding secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1921 to 1932.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links

Armeniapedia
Minorities schools in the Ottoman Empire^{[permanent dead link‍]} (in Turkish)
Beloit College
Hellenic Resources Network, American institutions under Turkish rule

[:3-1] Tachijan, Vahé (2015-09-28). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.). World War I and the End of the Ottomans: From the Balkan Wars to the Armenian Genocide. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-78453-246-8.

[:0-2] "Great Celebration in Harpoot" (PDF). www.dlir.org. The Orient. 12 November 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

[3] Tachijan, Vahé (2015-09-28). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.).p.221

[4] "Great Celebration in Harpoot" (PDF). www.dlir.org. The Orient. 12 November 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

[5] Henry H. Riggs, "Days of Tragedy in Armenia: Personal Experiences in Harpoot, 1915-1917", 1997, Michigan.

[6] McGrew, William (2015). Educating across Cultures: Anatolia College in Turkey and Greece. Lanham+ Boulder + New York + London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-4422-4346-0. Retrieved 26 August 2016. Appointed an instructor at Euphrates College at Harput (1904), where his older brother, Henry, then presided.... he succeeded his brother in 1910 as president of Euphrates College until it was closed by World War I. Following the war, Ernest became Child Welfare Director for the NER... was expelled from Turkey in 1921

[7] Shavit, David (1988). The United States in the Middle East: a historical dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313253416. "Riggs graduated.. and was ordained in 1910... president of Euphrates College from 1910 to 1921, child welfare director of the Near East Relief in 1920-1921; and associate secretary and corresponding secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1921 to 1932.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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