Eugonophyllum

Eugonophyllum; Temporal range: Pennsylvanian-Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Clade:	Viridiplantae
Division:	Chlorophyta
Class:	UTC clade
Order:	Bryopsidales
Family:	Halimedaceae
Genus:	†Eugonophyllum; Konishi and Wray 1961
Species
	E. huecoense; E. johnsonii (type); E. magnum

Eugonophyllum is a genus of green algae in the family Halimedaceae.^[1]^[2] Specimens have been found in Carboniferous to Permian beds in North America, Europe, and east Asia.^[1]

The alga is phylloid, meaning it has leaflike photosynthesizing structures called thalli (singular: thallus). A thallus has the form of a broad, undulating blade, with circular to oval perforations scattered randomly across the blade. The blade consists of a fibrous medulla enclosed in a two-layered cortex. The thicker inner cortex consists of anastomosing utricles; that is, small sacklike structures joined by openings to their neighbors. The thin outer cortex consists of branchlets extending outwards from the inner cortex. Reproductive organs take the form of spherical protuberances within the inner cortex that are scattered irregularly over the surface of the thallus.^[1]

The alga is calcareous and its remains are important components of carbonate rock beds of Pennsylvanian to early Permian.^[3] It is particularly prominent as a carbonate producer (together with Paraepimastopora kansasensis) in rocks of Kasimovian to Gzhelian age, in regions of warm water notably close to glaciated continental areas.^[4] It grew below wave base, probably in protected shallow water, and grew to at least a few inches in height^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Konishi, Kenji; Wray, John L. (July 1961). "Eugonophyllum, a new Pennsylvanian and Permian algal genus". Journal of Paleontology. 35 (4): 659–666. JSTOR 1301208.
^ Forsythe, Graham T.W.; Wood, Rachel; Dickson, J.A.D. (1 December 2002). "Mass Spawning in Ancient Reef Communities: Evidence from Late Paleozoic Phylloid Algae". PALAIOS. 17 (6): 615–621. Bibcode:2002Palai..17..615F. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017<0615:MSIARC>2.0.CO;2.
^ Granier, Bruno (March 2012). "The contribution of calcareous green algae to the production of limestones: a review". Geodiversitas. 34 (1): 35–60. doi:10.5252/g2012n1a3. S2CID 129926766.
^ Sardar Abadi, Mehrdad; Soreghan, Gerilyn S.; Heavens, Nicholas G.; Voeten, Dennis F.A.E.; Ivanova, Rimma M. (October 2019). "Warm-water carbonates in proximity to Gondwanan ice–sheets: A record from the Upper Paleozoic of Iran". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 531: 108914. Bibcode:2019PPP...531j8914S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.008. S2CID 134528213.

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[KonishiWray1961-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Konishi, Kenji; Wray, John L. (July 1961). "Eugonophyllum, a new Pennsylvanian and Permian algal genus". Journal of Paleontology. 35 (4): 659–666. JSTOR 1301208.

[ForsytheEtal2002-2] Forsythe, Graham T.W.; Wood, Rachel; Dickson, J.A.D. (1 December 2002). "Mass Spawning in Ancient Reef Communities: Evidence from Late Paleozoic Phylloid Algae". PALAIOS. 17 (6): 615–621. Bibcode:2002Palai..17..615F. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017<0615:MSIARC>2.0.CO;2.

[3] Granier, Bruno (March 2012). "The contribution of calcareous green algae to the production of limestones: a review". Geodiversitas. 34 (1): 35–60. doi:10.5252/g2012n1a3. S2CID 129926766.

[4] Sardar Abadi, Mehrdad; Soreghan, Gerilyn S.; Heavens, Nicholas G.; Voeten, Dennis F.A.E.; Ivanova, Rimma M. (October 2019). "Warm-water carbonates in proximity to Gondwanan ice–sheets: A record from the Upper Paleozoic of Iran". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 531: 108914. Bibcode:2019PPP...531j8914S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.008. S2CID 134528213.

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