Estuaries of Australia

Estuaries of Australia are features of the Australian coastline. They are linked to tides, river mouths and coastal features and conditions. In many cases the features of estuaries are also named inlets.

Types

The separation of the types is related to the process based classification scheme where the energy sources define the group ^[1]

Tide-dominated delta - River energy ^[2] Burdekin River in Queensland and Macarthur River NT
Wave-dominated delta - River energy ^[3] Manning River (NSW) and Yarra River (Vic)
Tide-dominated estuary - Tide energy ^[4] a good example is Ord River (WA) and Broad Sound (Queensland)
Wave-dominated estuary - Wave energy ^[5] - good example Peel Inlet Western Australia and Lake Illawarra NSW.
Tidal flat/creek - Tide energy ^[6] Good enough Bay (WA) and Moonlight Creek (QLD)
Strandplain (and coastal lagoons) - Wave energy ^[7] - good example coastal lagoon Irwin Inlet WA, strandplain Mooball Creek NSW.

Regions

The coastal regions of Australia are determined into estuary drainage basins^[8]^[9]

Tasmania - ^[10]
Temperate East - Tweed River to East Gippsland - wave dominated coast ^[11]^[12]
Subtropical east - ^[13]
GBR - Dry Tropics - ^[14]
GBR - Wet Tropics - ^[15]
Gulf of Carpentaria - ^[16]
Top End - ^[17]
Kimberley - ^[18]
Pilbara - ^[19]
South West - ^[20]
Gulfs - Gulf St Vincent to Spencer Gulf - wave dominated in south, tidal in northern parts ^[21]
Bass Strait - Mallacoota Inlet to Lower Lakes - wave dominated and coastal lagoons ^[22]

Notes

^ Turner, Lynne; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management (Australia); CSIRO Publishing (2006), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-0-643-09258-7
^ Austin, Timothy Phillip; University of Sydney. School of Geosciences (2011), Flood-tide delta morphodynamics of a microtidal estuary on a wave dominated coast, retrieved 6 October 2016
^ Hillen, M.M; Stive, M.J.F. (senior mentor); Walstra, D.J.R. (mentor); Storms, J.E.A. (mentor); Geleynse, N. (mentor); Deltares (company) (2009), Wave reworking of a delta: process-based modelling of sediment reworking under wave conditions in the deltaic environment, TU Delft, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Hydraulic Engineering, retrieved 6 October 2016
^ Chapter 6 of Perillo, G. M. E; Perillo, G. M. E. (Gerardo M. E.) (1996), Geomorphology and sedimentology of estuaries (Pbk. ed.), Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-444-82561-2
^ Jones, Brian G; Sloss, Craig R; Price, David M; McClennen, C.E; de Carli, John (1 January 2006), The geomorphological evolution of a wave-dominated barrier estuary: Burrill Lake, New South Wales, Australia, retrieved 6 October 2016
^ Russell, Richard Joel; McIntire, William G; Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.) (1966), Australian tidal flats, Louisiana State University Press, retrieved 6 October 2016
^ Coastal lagoon and strandplains from archived OzCoast website
^ Natural Heritage Trust (Australia); National Land & Water Resources Audit (Program : Australia) (2002), Catchment, river and estuary condition in Australia : a summary of the National Land and Water Resources Audit's Australian catchment, river and estuary assessment 2002, National Land and Water Resources Audit, ISBN 978-0-642-37126-3
^ Map on page 25 of Turner, Lynne; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management (Australia); CSIRO Publishing (2006), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-0-643-09258-7 includes the names of the contributing river basins within each region
^ Edgar, GJ; Barrett, NS; Graddon, DJ (October 1999), A Classification of Tasmanian estuaries and assessment of their conservation significance using ecological and physical attributes, population and land use, Marine Research Laboratories, TAFI, retrieved 9 November 2016
^ Bell, F. C. (Frederick Charles); Edwards, A. R. (Anthony R.); Total Environment Centre (Sydney, N.S.W.) (1980), An environmental inventory of estuaries and coastal lagoons in New South Wales, Total Environment Centre, ISBN 978-0-9595165-2-4
^ West, R. J. (Ronald John); Rae, Debbie; New South Wales. Division of Fisheries (1985), An Estuarine inventory for New South Wales, Australia, Division of Fisheries, Department of Agriculture New South Wales, ISBN 978-0-7240-8694-8
^ Page, Andrew; Hoolihan, D. W; Queensland. Parks and Wildlife Service (2002), Ecological values and levels of protection of Queensland estuaries, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, retrieved 9 November 2016
^ Creighton, Colin (2013), Revitalising Great Barrier Reef Estuaries and Coastal Wetlands, SilkyOaks, ISBN 978-0-9923366-1-5
^ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (issuing body.) (2016), A vulnerability assessment for the Great Barrier Reef : estuaries, Townsville, Qld. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), ISBN 978-1-922126-91-7
^ Burford, M. A. (Michele); Griffith University. Australian Rivers Institute; CSIRO. Marine and Atmospheric Research; Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Australia) (2010), Flow and fisheries : river flow impacts on estuarine prawns in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, ISBN 978-1-921760-22-8
^ Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge; Land and Water Australia (2007), Research to support river and estuary management in northern Australia, TRaCK, ISBN 978-1-921253-30-0
^ Scott, A. W (2012), A traveller's guide : Kimberley Coast : bays, basins, islands and estuaries, Envirobook, ISBN 978-0-85881-240-6
^ Malseed, B. E; Western Australia. Dept. of Fisheries (2006). "A 12-month survey of recreational estuarine fishing in the Pilbara region of Western Australia during 1999-2000". Dept. of Fisheries. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
^ Brearley, Anne; Hodgkin, E. P. (Ernest Pease); Ernest Hodgkin Trust for Estuary Education and Research; National Trust of Australia (W.A.); University of Western Australia Press; Brearley, Anne; Hodgkin, Ernest (2005), Ernest Hodgkin's Swanland : estuaries and coastal lagoons of South-western Australia, University of Western Australia Press for the Ernest Hodgkin Trust for Estuary Education and Research and National Trust of Australia (WA), ISBN 978-1-920694-38-8
^ page 29, and 165-182 Turner, Lyn; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone Estuary and Waterway Management (2004), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management, ISBN 978-0-9578678-8-8
^ Environment Conservation Council (Vic.) (2000), Marine, coastal & estuarine investigation : final report, Environment Conservation Council, ISBN 978-0-646-39971-3

[1] Turner, Lynne; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management (Australia); CSIRO Publishing (2006), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-0-643-09258-7

[2] Austin, Timothy Phillip; University of Sydney. School of Geosciences (2011), Flood-tide delta morphodynamics of a microtidal estuary on a wave dominated coast, retrieved 6 October 2016

[3] Hillen, M.M; Stive, M.J.F. (senior mentor); Walstra, D.J.R. (mentor); Storms, J.E.A. (mentor); Geleynse, N. (mentor); Deltares (company) (2009), Wave reworking of a delta: process-based modelling of sediment reworking under wave conditions in the deltaic environment, TU Delft, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Hydraulic Engineering, retrieved 6 October 2016

[4] Chapter 6 of Perillo, G. M. E; Perillo, G. M. E. (Gerardo M. E.) (1996), Geomorphology and sedimentology of estuaries (Pbk. ed.), Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-444-82561-2

[5] Jones, Brian G; Sloss, Craig R; Price, David M; McClennen, C.E; de Carli, John (1 January 2006), The geomorphological evolution of a wave-dominated barrier estuary: Burrill Lake, New South Wales, Australia, retrieved 6 October 2016

[6] Russell, Richard Joel; McIntire, William G; Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.) (1966), Australian tidal flats, Louisiana State University Press, retrieved 6 October 2016

[7] Coastal lagoon and strandplains from archived OzCoast website

[8] Natural Heritage Trust (Australia); National Land & Water Resources Audit (Program : Australia) (2002), Catchment, river and estuary condition in Australia : a summary of the National Land and Water Resources Audit's Australian catchment, river and estuary assessment 2002, National Land and Water Resources Audit, ISBN 978-0-642-37126-3

[9] Map on page 25 of Turner, Lynne; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management (Australia); CSIRO Publishing (2006), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-0-643-09258-7 includes the names of the contributing river basins within each region

[10] Edgar, GJ; Barrett, NS; Graddon, DJ (October 1999), A Classification of Tasmanian estuaries and assessment of their conservation significance using ecological and physical attributes, population and land use, Marine Research Laboratories, TAFI, retrieved 9 November 2016

[11] Bell, F. C. (Frederick Charles); Edwards, A. R. (Anthony R.); Total Environment Centre (Sydney, N.S.W.) (1980), An environmental inventory of estuaries and coastal lagoons in New South Wales, Total Environment Centre, ISBN 978-0-9595165-2-4

[12] West, R. J. (Ronald John); Rae, Debbie; New South Wales. Division of Fisheries (1985), An Estuarine inventory for New South Wales, Australia, Division of Fisheries, Department of Agriculture New South Wales, ISBN 978-0-7240-8694-8

[13] Page, Andrew; Hoolihan, D. W; Queensland. Parks and Wildlife Service (2002), Ecological values and levels of protection of Queensland estuaries, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, retrieved 9 November 2016

[14] Creighton, Colin (2013), Revitalising Great Barrier Reef Estuaries and Coastal Wetlands, SilkyOaks, ISBN 978-0-9923366-1-5

[15] Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (issuing body.) (2016), A vulnerability assessment for the Great Barrier Reef : estuaries, Townsville, Qld. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), ISBN 978-1-922126-91-7

[16] Burford, M. A. (Michele); Griffith University. Australian Rivers Institute; CSIRO. Marine and Atmospheric Research; Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Australia) (2010), Flow and fisheries : river flow impacts on estuarine prawns in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, ISBN 978-1-921760-22-8

[17] Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge; Land and Water Australia (2007), Research to support river and estuary management in northern Australia, TRaCK, ISBN 978-1-921253-30-0

[18] Scott, A. W (2012), A traveller's guide : Kimberley Coast : bays, basins, islands and estuaries, Envirobook, ISBN 978-0-85881-240-6

[19] Malseed, B. E; Western Australia. Dept. of Fisheries (2006). "A 12-month survey of recreational estuarine fishing in the Pilbara region of Western Australia during 1999-2000". Dept. of Fisheries. Retrieved 9 November 2016.

[20] Brearley, Anne; Hodgkin, E. P. (Ernest Pease); Ernest Hodgkin Trust for Estuary Education and Research; National Trust of Australia (W.A.); University of Western Australia Press; Brearley, Anne; Hodgkin, Ernest (2005), Ernest Hodgkin's Swanland : estuaries and coastal lagoons of South-western Australia, University of Western Australia Press for the Ernest Hodgkin Trust for Estuary Education and Research and National Trust of Australia (WA), ISBN 978-1-920694-38-8

[21] 29, and 165-182 Turner, Lyn; Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone Estuary and Waterway Management (2004), Where river meets sea : exploring Australia's estuaries, Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management, ISBN 978-0-9578678-8-8

[22] Environment Conservation Council (Vic.) (2000), Marine, coastal & estuarine investigation : final report, Environment Conservation Council, ISBN 978-0-646-39971-3

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Types

Regions

See also

Notes