Ernst Woermann

Ernst Woermann (30 March 1888 in Dresden, German Empire – 5 July 1979 in Heidelberg, West Germany) was a German diplomat who worked for the Foreign Office under the Third Reich. He was a junior state secretary of the German Foreign Ministry (1940–43) and the German ambassador to the Nanjing Nationalist Government, the Japanese puppet government in China (1943–45).

Biography

Woermann was the son of German art historian Karl Woermann, and had been born in Dresden in 1888. After attending a gymnasium, Woermann studied law at the Heidelberg University, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Freiburg University and Leipzig University. He got a doctorate in law and afterwards fought in World War I as an enlisted soldier, and then as a senior lieutenant (Oberleutnant). Following the end of the war and demobilization, Woermann worked in the Hamburg courts (Hamburger Justizdienst) and then the Foreign Ministry (from 1919). In 1920, Woermann was among the German delegation at the Paris Peace Conference and was part of the German embassy staff in France. In 1925 he was transferred to Vienna before working in the main department of the Foreign Ministry. Woermann was named "Envoy 1st class" in 1936 and worked at the embassy in London, being a close confidante of Joachim von Ribbentrop. On 1 December 1937 he became a member of the NSDAP.

After von Ribbentrop was appointed the German foreign minister in April 1938 Woermann replaced Ernst von Weizsäcker as the head of the political department of the Foreign Office. He also received the rank of SS-Standartenführer (equivalent of a colonel). In 1940, he became the junior state secretary (Unterstaatssekretär) of the ministry.

He handled the request of Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose who wanted Nazi Germany to form an alliance with him. Woermann was unwilling to entertain this demand and considered Bose unpopular in comparison with Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.^[1]^[2] Later, Adolf Hitler during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 refused to entertain Bose's requests and facilitated him with a submarine voyage to East Asia.^[3]^[4] From 3 August 1943 until the end of World War II he served as the German ambassador to China, after Germany recognized the pro-Japanese Nationalist Government in Nanjing, led by Wang Jingwei.

Woermann was tried at the "Wilhelmstrasse" Ministries Trial by the American military tribunal. On 11 April 1949, he was sentenced to 7 years in prison for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. On 12 December, his sentence was lowered to 5 years after his conviction for crimes against peace was overturned. He was released from prison in January 1950.

References

Zalessky, K. A. NSDAP. Power in the Third Reich. Moscow. Eksmo, 2005. P. 94, 335. (in Russian)
Zalessky, K. A. Who was Who in the Third Riech: Biographical Encyclopedia-Dictionary. Moscow. ACT Publications, 2002. P. 933. (in Russian)
Eckart Conze, Norbert Frei, Peter Hayes und Moshe Zimmermann. Das Amt und die Vergangenheit. Deutsche Diplomaten im Dritten Reich und in der Bundesrepublik (The Office and the Past: German Diplomats in the Third Reich and Federal Republic). Munich, 2010. pp. 172–173. (in German)

^ Virender Grover (1998). Subhash Chandra Bose: A Biography of His Vision and Ideas. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 408. ISBN 9788176290050. Woermann recommended the indefinite postponing of any announcement of Bose's presence in Germany and cautioned the Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop that the time had not yet come to recognize Bose's government - in- exile. Woermann specifically feared that any such step would alienate both Gandhi and Nehru, the real leaders of Indian nationalism, and the representatives of the political forces with which Germany would have to deal when her army reached the Khyber Pass.
^ Hayes, Romain (2011). Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941–1943. Oxford University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-19-932739-3.
^ Ashis Ray (2018). Laid to Rest: The Controversy over Subhas Chandra Bose's Death. Roli Books. p. 55. ISBN 978-81-936260-5-4.
^ John J. Dunphy (2018). Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945-1947. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4766-3337-4.

External links

Newspaper clippings about Ernst Woermann in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Heinrich Georg Stahmer	German Ambassador to China (Nanjing regime) 1943–1945	Succeeded by Heinrich Carl Franz Röhreke (1972) (PRC)

[1] Virender Grover (1998). Subhash Chandra Bose: A Biography of His Vision and Ideas. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 408. ISBN 9788176290050. Woermann recommended the indefinite postponing of any announcement of Bose's presence in Germany and cautioned the Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop that the time had not yet come to recognize Bose's government - in- exile. Woermann specifically feared that any such step would alienate both Gandhi and Nehru, the real leaders of Indian nationalism, and the representatives of the political forces with which Germany would have to deal when her army reached the Khyber Pass.

[2] Hayes, Romain (2011). Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence and Propaganda 1941–1943. Oxford University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-19-932739-3.

[3] Ashis Ray (2018). Laid to Rest: The Controversy over Subhas Chandra Bose's Death. Roli Books. p. 55. ISBN 978-81-936260-5-4.

[4] John J. Dunphy (2018). Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945-1947. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4766-3337-4.

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