Eriophorum viridicarinatum
| Eriophorum viridicarinatum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Eriophorum |
| Species: | E. viridicarinatum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Eriophorum viridicarinatum | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Eriophorum viridicarinatum is a species of sedge known by the common names thinleaf cottonsedge, green-keeled cottongrass, and bog cottongrass. It is native to Canada and the United States.
Description
[edit]Eriophorum viridicarinatum is a perennial sedge that forms tufts of stiff, erect stems, sometimes just a single stem, and basal leaves up to 30 centimeters long. It grows from a rhizome. The inflorescence is accompanied by two to four leaflike bracts each a few centimeters long. There are up to 30 spikelets, increasing in size as the fruit develops, reaching 3 centimeters in length. Each flower has a tuft of white or brown bristles that are long and cottony, measuring up to 2.5 centimeters long.[4][5]
Taxonomy
[edit]Eriophorum viridicarinatum was first described as the variety Eriophorum latifolium var. viridicarinatum by the German-American botanist Georg Engelmann in 1844.[6] Engelmann's description was based on specimens collected in Massachusetts and Ohio.[7] (The name published by Engelmann was hyphenated, as in viridi-carinatum, but the orthographical variant viridicarinatum is now widely used instead.) The American botanist Merritt Lyndon Fernald raised the variety to species rank in 1905.[8] As of September 2024[update], Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald is a widely accepted name.[3][9][10][11]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Eriophorum viridicarinatum is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska and throughout much of Canada, its range extending into the northern contiguous United States.[3][11][12] It is widespread in eastern Canada, with spotty distribution in western Canada and Alaska.[1] In the United States, it is most common in western Montana, the Great Lakes region, and New England.[13]
Eriophorum viridicarinatum is an obligate wetland (OBL) species.[14][15] Throughout its range, it occurs in marshes, wet meadows, bogs, fens, and wet woodlands, at altitudes up to 6,600 feet (2,000 m).[5] In the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, Montana, and Wyoming, it typically occurs in montane and alpine zones.[4] In New England, it prefers fens and high-pH meadows.[16][17] It is a strict calciphile in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Vermont,[18][19] but its habitat broadens further north into Canada.[20]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ a b Innes, Robin J. (2013). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ a b Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 September 2024 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ "Eriophorum latifolium var. viridicarinatum Engelm.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ Engelmann (1844), p. 103.
- ^ Fernald (1905), pp. 89–91.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". WFO Plant List. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Canadensys. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ Lichvar et al. (2016).
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". National Wetland Plant List. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ Haines (2011), pp. 161–162.
- ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum — green-keeled cottonsedge". Go Botany. Native Plant Trust. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S. (February 2011). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ Gilman (2015), p. 135.
- ^ McPherson (2013), pp. 68–69.
Bibliography
[edit]- Engelmann, George (1844). "Catalogue of a collection of plants made in Illinois and Missouri, by Charles A. Geyer". Amer. J. Sci. Arts. 46: 94–104. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- Fernald, M. L. (May 1905). "The North American species of Eriophorum. Part 1: Synopsis of American species". Rhodora. 7 (77): 81–92. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- Gilman, Arthur V. (2015). New Flora of Vermont. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 978-0-89327-516-7.
- Haines, Arthur (2011). New England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. Illustrated by Elizabeth Farnsworth and Gordon Morrison. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17154-9.
- Lichvar, R.W.; Banks, D.L.; Kirchner, W.N.; Melvin, N.C. (28 April 2016). "The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 2016–30: 1–17. ISSN 2153-733X. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- McPherson, J. I. (2013). "Conservation Assessment of Calcareous Ecosystems" (PDF). Pittsburgh, PA: Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program at Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
External links
[edit]
- "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- Weakley, Alan S.; Southeastern Flora Team (2024). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelmann) Fernald". Flora of the southeastern United States. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Green-keeled Cottongrass)". Minnesota Wildflowers. Retrieved 8 September 2024.