Eremophila goodwinii
| Purple fuchsia bush | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Eremophila |
| Species: | E. goodwinii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Eremophila goodwinii | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Eremophila goodwinii, commonly known purple fuchsia bush and Goodwin's emu bush[2] is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a small, spreading or erect shrub with most parts sticky due to the presence of resin, tapering leaves and pale lilac to mauve flowers. It occurs in New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Queensland.
Description
[edit]Eremophila goodwinii is usually a low spreading shrub but sometimes an erect shrub growing to a height of between 0.3 and 1.5 m (1 and 5 ft) and has branches and leaves which are usually sticky due to the presence of resin. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems and are mostly 28–58 mm (1–2 in) long, 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide, linear to narrow lance-shaped, with margins that vary from smooth to serrated.[2][3][4][5]
The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a stalk, 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long. There are 5 overlapping, green to purplish, egg-shaped to lance-shaped sepals which are 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long and covered with mostly glandular hairs. The petals are 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is pale lilac-coloured to mauve on the outside and white with dark lines on the inside. The outside of the tube and petal lobes are hairy, the inside of the lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is woolly. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs throughout the year and is followed by fruits which oval-shaped to almost spherical, 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and have a hairy, papery covering.[2][3][4][5]
Taxonomy and naming
[edit]The species was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in Report on the Plants Collected During Mr. Babbage's Expedition into the North West Interior of South Australia in 1858.[6][7] The specific epithet (goodwinii) honours Reverend Thomas Hill Goodwin who assisted John Dallachy, who collected the type specimen near Mount Murchison on the Murray River.[3][7]
In 2007, Robert Chinnock described two subspecies in his book Eremophila and allied genera and the names are accepted at the Australian Plant Census:
- Eremophila goodwinii subsp. ecapitata Chinnock [8] which has simple hairs on its branches and only occurs in parts of the Northern Territory.[2]
- Eremophila goodwinii F.Muell. subsp. goodwinii[9] has dark reddish-brown glandular hairs on its branches and is the more widespread form of this species.[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]In New South Wales, this species is common on the central west slopes north of Parkes, the north-west plains and far north-west plains where it grows on red earths, on level sand and on rocky hillsides.[4][5] It also occurs in nearby areas in Queensland and scattered populations further north in that state. It is also found in southern central Northern Territory and a small adjacent area of the Central Ranges biogeographic region in Western Australia.[2][3][10]
Ecology
[edit]Purple fuchsia bush is a common species, sometimes occurring in dense stands but it is not considered a useful forage plant for livestock.[5]
Conservation status
[edit]Eremophila goodwinii is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife,[10] and of "least concern" in the Northern Territory[11] and Queensland.[12]
Uses
[edit]Indigenous use
[edit]Aboriginal people used a decoction of the leaves of this species as a medicinal wash. The leaves are reported to have purgative properties.[13][14]
Use inorticulture
[edit]This eremophila is an attractive shrub but is sometimes short-lived in gardens. It can be propagated from cuttings or by grafting onto Myoporum rootstock. It grows best in full sun and a well-drained soil (if grown on its own roots) but is drought tolerant. It can be damaged by heavy frost but light pruning to remove damaged wood or to help maintain its shape is beneficial.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Eremophila goodwinii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Chinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 344–346. ISBN 9781877058165.
- ^ a b c d Brown, Andrew; Buirchell, Bevan (2011). A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia (1st ed.). Hamilton Hill, W.A.: Simon Nevill Publications. p. 140. ISBN 9780980348156.
- ^ a b c Chinnock, Robert J. "Eremophila goodwinii". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d Cunningham, Geoffrey McIver; Mulham, William E.; Milthorpe, Peter L.; Leigh, John H. (2011). Plants of western New South Wales (Reprinted. ed.). Collingwood, VIC.: CSIRO Publishing. p. 612. ISBN 9780643103634.
- ^ "Eremophila goodwinii". APNI. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ a b von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). Report on the Plants Collected During Mr. Babbage's Expedition into the North West Interior of South Australia in 1858 (PDF). Melbourne. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Eremophila goodwinii subsp. ecapitata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Eremophila goodwinii subsp. goodwinii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Eremophila goodwinii". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Eremophila goodwinii". Northern Territory Government: flora NT. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "Eremophila goodwinii subsp. goodwinii". The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection). Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2014). CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 1600. ISBN 9781482250640.
- ^ Williams, Cheryll J. (2013). Medicinal plants in Australia. Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Rosenberg Publishing. p. 315. ISBN 9781922013507.
- ^ Boschen, Norma; Goods, Maree; Wait, Russell (2008). Australia's eremophilas : changing gardens for a changing climate. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 106–107. ISBN 9781876473655.