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Campylobacterota

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Campylobacterota
Campylobacter
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Campylobacterota
Waite et al. 2021[1]
Classes
Synonyms
  • "Campylobacterota" Waite et al. 2018
  • "Epsilonbacteraeota" (sic) Waite et al. 2017[2]
  • Epsilobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002

Campylobacterota are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria.[3] Only a few genera have been characterized, including the curved to spirilloid Wolinella, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter. Until the 2021 revision of bacterial taxonomy by the ICSP,[4] the entire phylum was classified within the Proteobacteria (synonym Pseudomonadota) as the Epsilonproteobacteria.[5]

Most of the known species inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and serve as symbionts (Wolinella spp. in cattle) or pathogens (Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum). However, numerous environmental sequences and isolates of Campylobacterota have been recovered from hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats. Examples of isolates include Sulfurimonas autotrophica,[6] Sulfurimonas paralvinellae,[7] Sulfurovum lithotrophicum[8] and Nautilia profundicola.[9] A member of the phylum Campylobacterota occurs as an endosymbiont in the large gills of the deepwater sea snail Alviniconcha hessleri.[10]

Many Campylobacterota are motile with flagella.[11] The Campylobacterota found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents characteristically exhibit chemolithotrophy, meeting their energy needs by oxidizing reduced sulfur, formate, or hydrogen coupled to the reduction of nitrate or oxygen.[12] Autotrophic Campylobacterota use the reverse Krebs cycle to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, a pathway originally thought to be of little environmental significance. The oxygen sensitivity of this pathway is consistent with their microaerophilic or anaerobic niche in these environments, and their likely evolution in the Mesoproterozoic oceans,[13] which are thought to have been sulfidic with low levels of oxygen available from cyanobacterial photosynthesis.[14]

Phylogeny

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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[15] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[16]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[17][18][19] 120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[20][21][22]
"Nautiliia"
Campylobacteria

Nitratiruptoraceae

Campylobacterales

Hydrogenimonadaceae

Helicobacteraceae

Sulfurovaceae

Sulfurimonadaceae

Arcobacteraceae

Sulfurospirillaceae

Sulfurospirillum alkalitolerans

Campylobacteraceae

Desulfurellia
Desulfurellales

Desulfurellaceae Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006

Hippeaceae Waite et al. 2020

Campylobacteria
Nautiliales

Nautiliaceae Miroshnichenko et al. 2004

Campylobacterales

Helicobacteraceae Garrity et al. 2006

Arcobacteraceae Waite et al. 2020

Sulfurospirillaceae Waite et al. 2020

Campylobacteraceae Vandamme & De Ley 1991

Thiovulaceae Waite et al. 2020

Sulfurimonadaceae Waite et al. 2020

Nitratiruptoraceae Waite et al. 2020

Hydrogenimonadaceae Waite et al. 2020

Sulfurovaceae Waite et al. 2020

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987. S2CID 239887308.
  2. ^ Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja; Klotz, Martin G.; Hugenholtz, Philip (2017). "Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.)". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 682. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00682. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5401914. PMID 28484436.
  3. ^ "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". Retrieved 2009-03-19.
  4. ^ Robitzski, Dan. "Newly Renamed Prokaryote Phyla Cause Uproar". The Scientist. LabX Media Group. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  5. ^ Berman, Jules (2019). Taxonomic Guide to Infectious Diseases (2 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 39–119. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  6. ^ Inagaki, F. (2003-11-01). "Sulfurimonas autotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing -proteobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediments in the Mid-Okinawa Trough". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53 (6): 1801–1805. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02682-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 14657107.
  7. ^ Takai, K. (2006-08-01). "Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (8): 1725–1733. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64255-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 16901999.
  8. ^ Inagaki, Fumio; Ken Takai; Kenneth H. Nealson; Koki Horikoshi (2004-09-01). "Sulfurovum lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the ε-Proteobacteria isolated from Okinawa Trough hydrothermal sediments". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (5): 1477–1482. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03042-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15388698.
  9. ^ Julie L. Smith; Barbara J. Campbell; Thomas E. Hanson; Chuanlun L. Zhang; S. Craig Cary (2008). "Nautilia profundicola sp. nov., a thermophilic, sulfur-reducing epsilonproteobacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (7): 1598–1602. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65435-0. PMID 18599701. S2CID 12751566.
  10. ^ Suzuki, Yohey; Sasaki, Takenori; Suzuki, Masae; Nogi, Yuichi; Miwa, Tetsuya; Takai, Ken; Nealson, Kenneth H.; Horikoshi, Koki (2005). "Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (9): 5440–5450. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.5440S. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5440-5450.2005. PMC 1214688. PMID 16151136.
  11. ^ Beeby, M (December 2015). "Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 28: 115–21. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005. hdl:10044/1/27763. PMID 26590774.
  12. ^ Takai, Ken; et al. (2005). "Enzymatic and genetic characterization of carbon and energy metabolisms by deep-sea hydrothermal chemolithoautotrophic isolates of Epsilonproteobacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (11): 7310–7320. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.7310T. doi:10.1128/aem.71.11.7310-7320.2005. PMC 1287660. PMID 16269773.
  13. ^ Campbell, Barbara J.; Engel, Annette Summers; Porter, Megan L.; Takai, Ken (2006-05-02). "The versatile ε-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 4 (6): 458–468. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1414. ISSN 1740-1526. PMID 16652138. S2CID 10479314.
  14. ^ Anbar, A. D.; A. H. Knoll (2002-08-16). "Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?". Science. 297 (5584): 1137–1142. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1137A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.615.3041. doi:10.1126/science.1069651. PMID 12183619. S2CID 5578019.
  15. ^ A.C. Parte; et al. "Campylobacterota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  16. ^ Sayers; et al. "Campylobacterota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  17. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  19. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  20. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  21. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  22. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
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