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Enakalle

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Enakalle
𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷
King of Umma
Stone tablet for the dedication of a temple, inscribed by Il, king of Umma, c. 2400 BC, and mentioning his father Eandamu, and his grandfather King Enakalle. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago
Reignc. 2500  BC – 2400  BC
PredecessorUsh
SuccessorUr-Lumma (son)
Dynasty1st Dynasty of Umma

Enakalle or Enakalli (Sumerian: 𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷) was the king of Umma circa 2500–2400 BC, a Sumerian city-state, during the Early Dynastic III period (2600–2350 BC). His reign lasted at least 8 years.[1]

Enakalle in the cone of Entemena

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His predecessor Ush, ruler of Umma, attacked nearby Lagash after ripping out the stele of Mesilim, trying to take Gu-Edin, as recording in the Cone of Entemena.[2][3] Ush was severely defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, in a battle recorded in the Stele of the Vultures, losing 3,600 men in battle. Ush was then toppled and put to death by his own people.[4]

Enakalle, his successor, finally made a peace treaty with Eannatum of Lagash, as described in the Cone of Entemena:[2][3][4]

32–38

𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 𒉺𒄑𒉋𒂵 𒂗𒋼𒈨𒈾 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠𒅗𒆤
e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaški pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaški-ka-ke4
"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaš"
39–42
𒂗𒀉𒆗𒇷 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒄑𒆵𒆠𒁕 𒆠 𒂊𒁕𒋩
en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur
"fixed the border with Enakalle, ruler of Umma"
Extract from the Cone of Enmetena, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum.[5][6]

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Il was king of Umma, circa 2400 BCE.

Enakalle in inscriptions

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Ur-Lumma was the son of Enakalle, and his successor. He challenged Enannatum I, but was defeated by his successor Enmetena.[7][8]

  • Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
    Inscription with the name of Enakalle, and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform.
  • Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
    Dedication tablet by Ur-Lumma: "For Enki-gal, Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, son of Enakalle, king of Umma, built (his) temple".[9]
  • Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
    Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnum of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.[10][11]
  • "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun
    "Enakalle" on the plate of queen Bara-irnun

References

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  1. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). Arcane III (PDF). BREPOLS. p. 75.
  2. ^ a b King 1994, pp. 126–128.
  3. ^ a b King & Hall 2006, pp. 171–173.
  4. ^ a b Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  5. ^ "Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash". 2020.
  6. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  7. ^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000-323 BC. Wiley. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780631225522.
  8. ^ Sallaberger, Walther; Schrakamp, Ingo (2015). History & Philology (PDF). Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols. pp. 74–80. ISBN 978-2-503-53494-7.
  9. ^ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
  10. ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
  11. ^ Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Getty Publications. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

Sources

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