Employment discrimination law in the European Union
Employment discrimination law in the European Union comprises two directives. The directives were agreed by all EU member states in 2000. Each member state was then obliged to incorporate these new laws into their national legislation.[1] The European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs is responsible for oversight.[2]
Background
[edit]The Article 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam, entered into force in 1999, granted the European Union some powers to combat discrimination on the basis of:
- Race or ethnic origin,
- Sex, Pregnancy
- Sexual orientation
- Religion or belief
- Disability (physical or mental, including HIV status)
- Age
According to the European Court of Justice:
- (...) discrimination can arise only through the application of different rules to comparable situations or the application of the same rule to different situations.[3]
Employment Equality Framework Directive (2000/78)
[edit]The Employment Equality Framework Directive establishes a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. It aims to protects everyone in the EU from discrimination based on age, disability, sexual orientation and religion or belief in the workplace.[4]
Racial Equality Directive (2000/43)
[edit]The Racial Equality Directive prohibits discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin in the workplace as well as in other areas of life such as education, social security, healthcare and access to goods and services.[5]
Limits of anti-discrimination legislation
[edit]In Germany, universities are generally not required to advertise most vacancies of academic positions (teaching and/or research) other than tenured full professors (verbeamtete Hochschullehrer).[6] At the same time, Germany has made sure that European Union laws on anti-discrimination measures and equal opportunities only apply to advertised jobs and to the wording of the job advert.[7] Universities can therefore effectively avoid to implement any anti-discrimination measures by not advertising jobs.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Chalmers, Damian; Davies, Gareth; Monti, Giorgio (2011). European Union Law (2nd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 534 ff., p. 534, at Google Books. ISBN 978-0521121514.
- ^ "Committee on Employment and Social Affairs". European Parliament. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
- ^ ECJ 28 January 1992, nr. C-204/90, Bachmann v Belgium, § 30.
- ^ "Council Directive 2000/78/EC". The Council of the European Union. 27 November 2000. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ "Council Directive 2000/43/EC". The Council of the European Union. 29 June 2000. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ "Hochschulgesetze der Länder". bildungsserver.de. Retrieved 24 September 2021.. For example, the internal regulation of the University of Trier isVon einer Ausschreibungspflicht im wissenschaftlichen Bereich und bei Drittmittel finanzierten [sic] Forschungsprojekten wird im Allgemeinen abgesehen... ("There is generally no requirement to advertise academic positions, including externally-funded research projects" "Dienstvereinbarung "Grundsätze über die Durchführung von Stellenbesetzungsverfahren" (Stand 1/2016)" (PDF). Universität Trier. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2021..
- ^ 'Ein Arbeitsplatz darf nicht unter Verstoß gegen § 7 Abs. 1 ausgeschrieben werden.' ("A job must not be advertised in infringement of § 7 paragraph 1") "§11 AGG". Gesetze im Internet. Retrieved 30 August 2022..
External links
[edit]- Homepage of the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities
- Text of the Directive (html) (pdf)
- European Commission Anti-discrimination
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