Emperor Xingzong of Liao

Emperor Xingzong of Liao
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
Traditional Chinese	遼興宗
Simplified Chinese	辽兴宗
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Liáo Xīngzōng
Zhigu (Khitan name)
Chinese	只骨
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhīgǔ
Yelü Zongzhen (sinicised name)
Chinese	耶律宗真
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Yēlǜ Zōngzhēn

Names
	Family name: Yēlǜ (耶律); Khitan given name: Zhīgǔ (只骨); Sinicised given name: Zōngzhēn (宗真)
Era dates
	Jingfu (景福): 1031–1032; Chongxi(重熙): 1032–1055
Posthumous name
	Emperor Shensheng Xiaozhang; (神聖孝章皇帝)
Temple name
	Xingzong (興宗)

Emperor Xingzong of Liao
遼興宗
Emperor Xingzong of Liao; 遼興宗
Emperor of the Liao dynasty
Reign	25 June 1031 – 28 August 1055
Predecessor	Emperor Shengzong
Successor	Emperor Daozong
Born	Zhigu (Khitan name); Yelü Zongzhen (sinicised name); 3 April 1016
Died	28 August 1055 (aged 39)
Burial	Yongxing Mausoleum (永興陵, in present-day Bairin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia)
Spouse	Xiao Dali
Names
Names
	Family name: Yēlǜ (耶律); Khitan given name: Zhīgǔ (只骨); Sinicised given name: Zōngzhēn (宗真)
Era dates
	Jingfu (景福): 1031–1032; Chongxi(重熙): 1032–1055
Posthumous name
	Emperor Shensheng Xiaozhang; (神聖孝章皇帝)
Temple name
	Xingzong (興宗)
House	Yelü
Dynasty	Liao
Father	Emperor Shengzong
Mother	Xiao Noujin

Emperor Xingzong of Liao (3 April 1016 – 28 August 1055), personal name Zhigu, sinicised name Yelü Zongzhen, was the seventh emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China.

Life

Yelü Zongzhen was the eldest son of Emperor Shengzong. He was born to a court lady named Xiao Noujin (蕭耨斤) but was raised by the Empress Xiao Pusage (蕭菩薩哥), the niece of Zongzhen's grandmother Xiao Yanyan. He was enfeoffed as a prince in 1021 at the age of six. When Emperor Shengzong died in 1031, Yelü Zongzhen succeeded his father as emperor. His mother Xiao Noujin became consort dowager and his adopted mother Xiao Pusage became Empress Dowager.

After receiving this title, Xiao Noujin became arrogant and gave herself the new title of Empress Dowager despite being a former concubine. She was longtime rivals with Xiao Pusage, and spied on Xiao Pusage several times when Zongzhen was a prince. Xiao Noujin tried persuading her son to get rid of Xiao Pusage, but he refused to comply since Xiao Pusage had no children and raised him as a child. When the Emperor was occupied with a hunting trip, Xiao Noujin sent assassins to murder Xiao Pusage.^[1]

The Emperor's reign was controlled by his mother Xiao Noujin. She was very ambitious and didn't want her power at court to be diminished. Although she promised Emperor Jingzong to be content with her title of Consort Dowager, she issued a false edict stating that she was an Empress Dowager. She had plans for her younger son Zhongyuan to replace Zongzhen on the throne. Yelu Zhongyuan told his brother, and Xiao Noujin was sent away from the palace. After the Emperor's death, Xiao Noujin reportedly told her daughter-in-law Empress Xiao Dali not to mourn.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

The Sinified form of his personal name is usually given as the reason (via the Chinese naming taboo) for the variant forms of the Chinese name of the Jurchens around this time. More likely, however, the variants—which are also attested in other languages of the era lacking such a taboo—simply reflect dialectal differences among the Jurchens themselves.

Emperor Xingzong's reign was the beginning of the end for the Liao dynasty. The government was corrupt and the army started to fall apart. He attacked the Western Xia dynasty many times, and waged war against the Northern Song dynasty. However, the frequent wars were not looked kindly upon by his people, and there were much anger among them for the high taxes. Although Emperor Xingzong was successful in bullying Song into raising the annual indemnities, he was unsuccessful in his invasion of Western Xia due to sandstorms. Emperor Xingzong was interested in Buddhism and spent lavishly for his own pleasure. He died in 1055 and was succeeded by his son Emperor Daozong.

Family

Consort and issue(s):

Empress Renyi of the Xiao clan (仁懿皇后蕭氏, d. 1076), personal name Dali (撻里)
- Yelü Hongji, Emperor Daozong (遼道宗耶律洪基, 14 September 1032 – 12 February 1101), 1st son
- Yelü Heluwo, Imperial Uncle Rensheng (仁聖皇太叔耶律和魯斡, 1041 – 1010), 3rd son
- Yelü Alian, Prince of Qin (秦國王耶律阿璉, d. 1087), 4th son
- Princess of Jin State (晉國公主), personal name Baqin (跋芹), 1st daughter
  - Married Xiao Saba (蕭撒八)
  - Married Xiao Asu (蕭阿速)
  - Married Xiao Woni (蕭窩匿)
- Princess of Zheng (鄭國公主), personal name Wolitai (斡里太), 2nd daughter
  - Married Xiao Yuliye (蕭余里也)
Noble Consort, of the Xiao clan(貴妃蕭氏), personal name Sanqian (三蒨)^[2] – No issue
Unknown
- Yelü Baoxinnu (耶律寶信奴, b. 1035), 2nd son^[3]

References

^ (兴宗闻之曰：“皇后侍先帝四十年，抚育眇躬，当为太后；今不果，反罪之，可乎？”钦哀曰：“此人若在，恐为後患。”帝曰：“皇后无子而老，虽在，无能为也。”钦哀不从，迁后於上京。车驾春蒐，钦哀虑帝怀鞠育恩，驰遣人加害。) Liao Shi, vol.71. "Qinai" was Xiao Noujin's posthumous name.
^ initially the Empress (皇后) but later demoted to Noble Consort (貴妃) due to a sin; No issue.
^ died early

Regnal titles
Emperor Xingzong of Liao House of Yelü (916–1125) Born: 1016 Died: 1055
Preceded by Emperor Shengzong	Emperor of the Liao dynasty 1031–1055	Succeeded by Emperor Daozong

[1] (兴宗闻之曰：“皇后侍先帝四十年，抚育眇躬，当为太后；今不果，反罪之，可乎？”钦哀曰：“此人若在，恐为後患。”帝曰：“皇后无子而老，虽在，无能为也。”钦哀不从，迁后於上京。车驾春蒐，钦哀虑帝怀鞠育恩，驰遣人加害。) Liao Shi, vol.71. "Qinai" was Xiao Noujin's posthumous name.

[2] tially the Empress (皇后) but later demoted to Noble Consort (貴妃) due to a sin; No issue.

[3] rly

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Emperors of the Liao dynasty
Liao	Taizu Taizong Shizong Muzong Jingzong Shengzong Xingzong Daozong Tianzuo	遼
Western Liao	Dezong Empress Gantian (regent) Renzong Empress Dowager Chengtian (regent) Mozhu Kuchlug	遼
Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → ROC / PRC