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Emery N. Brown

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Emery N. Brown
Born1957 (age 66–67)
Ocala, Florida, USA
Alma materHarvard University
Known forSystems neuroscience
Computational neuroscience
Mechanisms of anesthesia
Neural signal processing
AwardsGruber Neuroscience Prize
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroscience
Systems neuroscience
Statistics
Anesthesiology
Computational neuroscience
Bioengineering
InstitutionsHarvard Medical School
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts General Hospital

Emery Neal Brown (born 1957)[1] is an American statistician, computational neuroscientist, and anesthesiologist. He is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School and at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and a practicing anesthesiologist at MGH. At MIT he is the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and professor of computational neuroscience, the associate director of the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and the Director of the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology.

In 2015, Brown was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for the development of neural signal processing algorithms for understanding memory encoding and modeling of brain states of anesthesia. Brown is one of only 19 individuals who has been elected to all three branches of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, as well as the first African American and the first anesthesiologist to be elected to all three National Academies.[2][3][4][5][6]

In 2020, he was awarded the Swartz Prize for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience. In 2022 he was awarded the Gruber Neuroscience Prize, alongside theoretical neuroscientists Larry Abbott, Terrence Sejnowski and Haim Sompolinsky.

Biography

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Brown was born and grew up in Ocala, Florida, where he attended Fessenden Elementary and Middle Schools, Osceola Junior High School and North Marion High School. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, in Exeter, New Hampshire in 1974 after spending the second semester of his senior year at Exeter in the School Year Abroad Program studying Spanish in Barcelona, Spain.[7] In 1978, he received his Bachelor of Arts (magna cum laude) in applied mathematics from Harvard College.[3][7] Following graduation, Brown received an International Rotary Foundation Fellowship to study mathematics at the Institut Fourier des Mathèmatiques Pures in Grenoble, France.[7]

Upon returning from Grenoble, he entered the Harvard Medical School MD/PhD Program. He received his Master of Arts and PhD in statistics from Harvard University in the years 1984 and 1988 respectively. He received his MD (magna cum laude) in 1987 from Harvard Medical School.[3]

Brown completed his internship in internal medicine in 1989 at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, a research fellowship in endocrinology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in 1992 and his residency in anesthesiology at MGH in 1992. In 1992, Brown joined the staff in the Department of Anesthesia at MGH and the faculty at Harvard Medical School. In 2005 he joined the faculty at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[7]

Currently, Brown is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering at MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and a professor of Computational Neuroscience at MIT.[3] In addition to his professorial positions, Brown serves as the Director of the Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the co-director of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and an associate director of MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering & Science.[3] Brown also works as an anesthesiologist at MGH.[4]

Scientific career

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Brown has published widely on topics in Computational Neuroscience and Anesthesiology.[8] Brown is the principal investigator of the Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory at MGH and MIT, where he currently conducts his research.[9]

Measuring time on the human biological clock

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Brown developed statistical methods to characterize the properties of the human circadian system (biological clock) from core temperature data recorded under the constant routine and free-running and forced desynchrony protocols. Through the early part of his career, Brown collaborated with circadian researchers to apply his methods to answer fundamental research questions in circadian physiology. Brown's statistical methods were critical for: estimating accurately the period and internal time on human circadian clocks from continuous core temperature measurement;[10][11] showing that bright lights could be used to shift the phase of the human circadian clock;[12] properly timed administration of light and dark periods could be used to realign the internal clocks of shift workers with external time;[13] and that, contrary to beliefs at the time, the period of the human biological clock, like that of other animals, was closer to 24 hours rather than 25 hours.[14]

Deciphering brain signals

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Brown later focused his statistics research on developing signal processing algorithms and statistical methods for neuronal data analysis. He developed a state-space point process (SSPP) paradigm to study how neural systems maintain dynamic representations of information.[15] For the analysis of neural spiking activity and binary behavioral tasks represented as multivariate or univariate point processes (0-1 events that occur in continuous time), his research produced analogs of the Kalman filter, Kalman smoothing, sequential Monte Carlo algorithms, and combined state and parameter estimation algorithms commonly applied to continuous-valued time series observations.

Brown used his methods to: show that ensembles of neurons in the rodent hippocampus maintained a highly accurate representation of the animal's spatial location;[16] track the formation of neural receptive fields on a millisecond time scale;[17][18][19] track concurrent changes in neural activity and behavior during learning experiments;[20] decode how groups of motor neurons represent movement information;[21] and track burst suppression in patients under general anesthesia.[22]

Brown applied the state-space paradigm to: analyze learning in behavioral neuroscience experiments;[23][24][25] study the relationship between learning and changes in hippocampal function in humans;[26] assess the efficacy of deep brain stimulation in enhancing behavior performance in humans and non-human primates;[27] and define precisely changes in levels of consciousness under propofol-induced general anesthesia.[28]

With Partha Mitra, Brown co-founded and co-directed the Neuroinformatics Summer Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA from 2002 to 2006. He co-directs with Robert Kass the biannual Statistical Analysis of Neural Data Conference at the Carnegie Mellon University Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition.[29][30] He co-authored a textbook in neuroscience data analysis with Robert Kass and Uri Eden.[31]

Nature of general anesthesia

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Unraveling the mystery of general anesthesia is another major question facing modern medicine.[5] In 2004, Brown began a systems neuroscience research program to study the mechanisms of anesthetic action by forming and leading an interdisciplinary collaboration of anesthesiologists, neuroscientists, a statistician, a neurosurgeon, neurologists, bioengineers and a mathematician at MGH, MIT and Boston University.[32] In 2007 he received an NIH Director's Pioneer Award to support this research making him, the first anesthesiologist and the first statistician to receive this award.[33] His anesthesiology research has made fundamental theoretical and experimental contributions to understanding the neurophysiology of general anesthesia. In two seminal papers,[34][35] Brown provided the first systems neuroscience analysis of how anesthetics act at specific receptors in specific neural circuits to produce commonly observed altered arousal states. This analysis provided an essential missing link between the substantial body of research on the molecular pharmacology of anesthetic action and the behavioral responses commonly seen in anesthetized patients. Brown also shows that, contrary to common dogma general anesthesia is not sleep, but rather a reversible coma.[34]

Brown's research group has provided detailed insights into how anesthetics produce unconsciousness. The brain is not shut off under general anesthesia. Instead, anesthetics induce highly structured oscillations between key brain regions. These oscillations, which are readily visible in standard electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, alter arousal by impairing normal communication between regions. This is analogous to what happens when an epilepsy patient loses consciousness with the appearance of the regular, hypersynchronous oscillations of a seizure. Anesthetic-induced oscillations are also akin to what happens when a hum in a phone line makes it impossible to sustain a normal conversation.[34][35]

Brown has performed many studies on the properties of propofol-induced anesthesia in particular. He found that propofol-induced unconsciousness is mediated simultaneously by two different oscillatory processes. The first is strong coherent alpha oscillations (8 to 10 cycles per second) between the cortex and the thalamus (26–28) and the second is strong incoherent cortical slow-wave oscillations (<1 cycle per second).[36][37][38] The alpha oscillations impair communication between the thalamus and cortex. The slow waves restrict to narrow time intervals the times at which cortical neurons can discharge, thus making it difficult to sustain communication within the cortex.[37] Furthermore, each anesthetic has a different EEG signature reflecting different neural circuit mechanism-actions. These signatures change with age and the anesthetic dose.[39][40] A practical implication of this finding is that the EEG can be used in real-time to monitor accurately the anesthetic state of patients. Brown's group has developed an online teaching program to train anesthesiologists on this monitoring approach.[41]

Brown and colleagues are establishing a new paradigm for waking patients up following general anesthesia. They have shown that the anesthetic state can be rapidly reversed by administering methylphenidate (Ritalin)[42] or activation of dopaminergic systems.[43] This suggests a new, feasible way to actively restore cognitive function in patients after anesthesia and sedation. They have received FDA approval to undertake a clinical trial to test this idea in humans (NCT 02051452).[44][45][46] They have also shown that burst-suppression, a state of profound brain inactivation seen in deep general anesthesia, hypothermia, coma and developmental brain disorders, can be simply explained by a unifying neural-metabolic model.[47] Brown's group have also shown that burst suppression can be precisely controlled to maintain a therapeutic, medically induced coma. This research uses a closed-loop control system based on his SSPP paradigm.[48][49] This could have important implications for treating patients, such as Gabby Giffords, Michael Schumaker, Malala Yousafzai, and Joan Rivers, who sustain brain injuries or have intracranial hypertension and require a medically induced coma to facilitate brain recovery.

Brown's anesthesiology research has been featured on National Public Radio,[50] in Scientific American,[51] the MIT Technology Review,[5] the New York Times[52] and in TEDMED[53] 2014.

National committee service

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Brown has served on numerous national panels and advisory committees. Most recently he served on the NIH BRAIN Initiative Working Group.[54] His current committee service includes being a member of the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund Board of Directors,[55] the NSF Mathematical and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee,[56] the NIH Council of Councils,[57] the Board of Trustees of the International Anesthesia Research Society,[58] the Scientific Advisory Committee of CURE Epilepsy[59] and the Governing Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[60]

Awards and honors

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Brown has received a number of awards throughout his career, including: the Robert Wood Johnson Minority Medical Faculty Development Fellowship,[61] an NSF Minority Career Development Fellowship, an National Institute of Mental Health Independent Scientist Award,[62] the Jerome Sacks Award from the National Institute of Statistical Sciences for Outstanding Cross Disciplinary Research,[3] an NIH Director's Pioneer Award,[3] an NIH Director's Transformative Research Award,[3] a Guggenheim Fellowship,[3] and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Award for Excellence in Research.[3] Brown was named as one of America's leading doctors by Black Enterprise Magazine[63] and was named one of Get Konnected's GK50 Boston's 50 Most Influential People of Color in Healthcare & Life Sciences[64] In 2018, Brown received the Dickson Prize in Science for his work on the statistical analysis of neuronal data and research on anesthesia. One of Carnegie Mellon's nominators, Professor Robert E. Kass, noted that Brown is the "world's expert on statistical analysis of neuronal data" and that Brown's work on anesthesia has been "truly transformative" for the field.[65][66]

Brown has presented several memorial lectures, including: the American Society of Anesthesiology's Lewis H. Wright Memorial Lecture[67] and John W. Severinghaus Lecture in Translational Science[68] and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences Medallion Lecture.[69]

Brown is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, the American Statistical Association, the IEEE, the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Brown was inducted into the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame.[70] Brown is a member of all three branches of the National Academies, which are the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.[3][62] He is the first African American and the first anesthesiologist elected to all three branches.[71] In 2019, he received an honorary doctorate from USC.[72] In 2020, he was awarded the Swartz Prize for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience.[73] In 2022 he was awarded the Gruber Neuroscience Prize.[74]

References

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  1. ^ "The HistoryMakers video oral history with Emery Brown | WorldCat.org". www.worldcat.org (in German). Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  2. ^ "Dr. Emery Brown Elected to National Academy of Engineering". www.asahq.org. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Archived from the original on March 22, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Emery Brown". M.I.T. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  4. ^ a b "Emery N. Brown". Massachusetts General Hospital.
  5. ^ a b c Humphries, Courtney. "The Mystery Behind Anesthesia". www.technologyreview.com. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  6. ^ Brown, Emery. "Redesigning Anesthesia". nih.gov. Nation Institutes of Health. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d "Science Leaders" (PDF). www.stlamerican.com. The St. Louis of America. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  8. ^ Search Results for author Brown EN on PubMed.
  9. ^ "Neurostats Lab Members". www.neurostat.mit.edu. Neurostats Lab at MIT. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  10. ^ Brown, EN; Czeisler, CA (1992). "The statistical analysis of circadian phase and amplitude in constant-routine core-temperature data". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 7 (3): 177–202. doi:10.1177/074873049200700301. PMID 1421473. S2CID 30577068.
  11. ^ Brown, EN; Choe, Y; Luithardt, H; Czeisler, CA (September 2000). "A statistical model of the human core-temperature circadian rhythm". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 279 (3): E669–83. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.E669. PMID 10950837. S2CID 11685514.
  12. ^ Czeisler, CA; Kronauer, RE; Allan, JS; Duffy, JF; Jewett, ME; Brown, EN; Ronda, JM (June 16, 1989). "Bright light induction of strong (type 0) resetting of the human circadian pacemaker". Science. 244 (4910): 1328–33. Bibcode:1989Sci...244.1328C. doi:10.1126/science.2734611. PMID 2734611.
  13. ^ Czeisler, CA; Johnson, MP; Duffy, JF; Brown, EN; Ronda, JM; Kronauer, RE (May 3, 1990). "Exposure to bright light and darkness to treat physiologic maladaptation to night work". The New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (18): 1253–9. doi:10.1056/nejm199005033221801. PMID 2325721.
  14. ^ Czeisler, CA; Duffy, JF; Shanahan, TL; Brown, EN; Mitchell, JF; Rimmer, DW; Ronda, JM; Silva, EJ; Allan, JS; Emens, JS; Dijk, DJ; Kronauer, RE (June 25, 1999). "Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker". Science. 284 (5423): 2177–81. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2177. PMID 10381883. S2CID 8516106.
  15. ^ Smith, AC; Brown, EN (May 2003). "Estimating a state-space model from point process observations". Neural Computation. 15 (5): 965–91. doi:10.1162/089976603765202622. PMID 12803953. S2CID 10020032.
  16. ^ Brown, EN; Frank, LM; Tang, D; Quirk, MC; Wilson, MA (September 15, 1998). "A statistical paradigm for neural spike train decoding applied to position prediction from ensemble firing patterns of rat hippocampal place cells". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (18): 7411–25. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07411.1998. PMC 6793233. PMID 9736661.
  17. ^ Brown, EN; Nguyen, DP; Frank, LM; Wilson, MA; Solo, V (October 9, 2001). "An analysis of neural receptive field plasticity by point process adaptive filtering". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (21): 12261–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9812261B. doi:10.1073/pnas.201409398. PMC 59830. PMID 11593043.
  18. ^ Frank, LM; Eden, UT; Solo, V; Wilson, MA; Brown, EN (May 1, 2002). "Contrasting patterns of receptive field plasticity in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex: an adaptive filtering approach". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (9): 3817–30. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03817.2002. PMC 6758357. PMID 11978857.
  19. ^ Frank, LM; Stanley, GB; Brown, EN (September 1, 2004). "Hippocampal plasticity across multiple days of exposure to novel environments". The Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (35): 7681–9. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1958-04.2004. PMC 6729632. PMID 15342735.
  20. ^ Wirth, S. (June 6, 2003). "Single Neurons in the Monkey Hippocampus and Learning of New Associations". Science. 300 (5625): 1578–1581. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1578W. doi:10.1126/science.1084324. PMID 12791995. S2CID 16742130.
  21. ^ Truccolo, W; Eden, UT; Fellows, MR; Donoghue, JP; Brown, EN (February 2005). "A point process framework for relating neural spiking activity to spiking history, neural ensemble, and extrinsic covariate effects". Journal of Neurophysiology. 93 (2): 1074–89. doi:10.1152/jn.00697.2004. PMID 15356183. S2CID 2450629.
  22. ^ Chemali, J; Ching, S; Purdon, PL; Solt, K; Brown, EN (October 2013). "Burst suppression probability algorithms: state-space methods for tracking EEG burst suppression". Journal of Neural Engineering. 10 (5): 056017. Bibcode:2013JNEng..10e6017C. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056017. PMC 3793904. PMID 24018288.
  23. ^ Smith, AC; Frank, LM; Wirth, S; Yanike, M; Hu, D; Kubota, Y; Graybiel, AM; Suzuki, WA; Brown, EN (January 14, 2004). "Dynamic analysis of learning in behavioral experiments". The Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (2): 447–61. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2908-03.2004. PMC 6729979. PMID 14724243.
  24. ^ Smith, AC; Stefani, MR; Moghaddam, B; Brown, EN (March 2005). "Analysis and design of behavioral experiments to characterize population learning". Journal of Neurophysiology. 93 (3): 1776–92. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.417.3746. doi:10.1152/jn.00765.2004. PMID 15456798.
  25. ^ Smith, AC; Wirth, S; Suzuki, WA; Brown, EN (March 2007). "Bayesian analysis of interleaved learning and response bias in behavioral experiments". Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (3): 2516–24. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.126.5591. doi:10.1152/jn.00946.2006. PMID 17182907.
  26. ^ Law, JR; Flanery, MA; Wirth, S; Yanike, M; Smith, AC; Frank, LM; Suzuki, WA; Brown, EN; Stark, CE (June 15, 2005). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging activity during the gradual acquisition and expression of paired-associate memory". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (24): 5720–9. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4935-04.2005. PMC 6724878. PMID 15958738.
  27. ^ Smith, AC; Shah, SA; Hudson, AE; Purpura, KP; Victor, JD; Brown, EN; Schiff, ND (October 15, 2009). "A Bayesian statistical analysis of behavioral facilitation associated with deep brain stimulation". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 183 (2): 267–76. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.028. PMC 2743761. PMID 19576932.
  28. ^ Wong, KF; Smith, AC; Pierce, ET; Harrell, PG; Walsh, JL; Salazar-Gómez, AF; Tavares, CL; Purdon, PL; Brown, EN (April 30, 2014). "Statistical modeling of behavioral dynamics during propofol-induced loss of consciousness". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 227: 65–74. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.026. PMC 4304648. PMID 24530701.
  29. ^ "Sand7 Home Page". cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
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  32. ^ "Lab Members". Neuroscience Statistics Laboratory. MIT. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  33. ^ "2007 Pioneer Award Recipients". nih.gov. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  34. ^ a b c Brown, EN; Lydic, R; Schiff, ND (December 30, 2010). "General anesthesia, sleep, and coma". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (27): 2638–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0808281. PMC 3162622. PMID 21190458.
  35. ^ a b Brown, EN; Purdon, PL; Van Dort, CJ (2011). "General anesthesia and altered states of arousal: a systems neuroscience analysis". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 34: 601–28. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153200. PMC 3390788. PMID 21513454.
  36. ^ Cimenser, A; Purdon, PL; Pierce, ET; Walsh, JL; Salazar-Gomez, AF; Harrell, PG; Tavares-Stoeckel, C; Habeeb, K; Brown, EN (May 24, 2011). "Tracking brain states under general anesthesia by using global coherence analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (21): 8832–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8832C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017041108. PMC 3102391. PMID 21555565.
  37. ^ a b Lewis, LD; Weiner, VS; Mukamel, EA; Donoghue, JA; Eskandar, EN; Madsen, JR; Anderson, WS; Hochberg, LR; Cash, SS; Brown, EN; Purdon, PL (December 4, 2012). "Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (49): E3377–86. doi:10.1073/pnas.1210907109. PMC 3523833. PMID 23129622.
  38. ^ Purdon, PL; Pierce, ET; Mukamel, EA; Prerau, MJ; Walsh, JL; Wong, KF; Salazar-Gomez, AF; Harrell, PG; Sampson, AL; Cimenser, A; Ching, S; Kopell, NJ; Tavares-Stoeckel, C; Habeeb, K; Merhar, R; Brown, EN (March 19, 2013). "Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (12): E1142–51. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E1142P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1221180110. PMC 3607036. PMID 23487781.
  39. ^ Miller's Anesthesia. W B Saunders Co. 2014. pp. 1524–1538. ISBN 978-0702052835. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  40. ^ Purdon, Patrick L.; Zhou, David W.; Akeju, Oluwaseun; Brown, Emery N. (September 2015). "In Reply". Anesthesiology. 123 (3): 725–728. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000794. PMC 4625800. PMID 26284863.
  41. ^ "Clinical Electroencephalography for the Anesthesiologist". www.phscpd.org. Partners Healthcare. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  42. ^ Solt, K; Cotten, JF; Cimenser, A; Wong, KF; Chemali, JJ; Brown, EN (October 2011). "Methylphenidate actively induces emergence from general anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 115 (4): 791–803. doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31822e92e5. PMC 3178041. PMID 21934407.
  43. ^ Solt, K; Van Dort, CJ; Chemali, JJ; Taylor, NE; Kenny, JD; Brown, EN (August 2014). "Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area induces reanimation from general anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 121 (2): 311–9. doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000000117. PMC 4112744. PMID 24398816.
  44. ^ Solt, Ken. "Reversal of General Anesthesia With Methylphenidate". www.clinicaltrials.gov. Clinical Trials.gov. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  45. ^ "Reversal of General Anesthesia by Administration of Methylphenidate, Amphetamine, Modafinil, Amantadine, and/or Caffeine". patents.google.com. US Patent Office, provided by Google Patents. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  46. ^ MCCormack, Lindsey. "Ritalin Can Wake the Brain From Anesthesia". www.psmag.com. The Pacific Standard. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  47. ^ Ching, S; Purdon, PL; Vijayan, S; Kopell, NJ; Brown, EN (February 21, 2012). "A neurophysiological-metabolic model for burst suppression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (8): 3095–100. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.3095C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121461109. PMC 3286963. PMID 22323592.
  48. ^ Ching, S; Liberman, MY; Chemali, JJ; Westover, MB; Kenny, JD; Solt, K; Purdon, PL; Brown, EN (October 2013). "Real-time closed-loop control in a rodent model of medically induced coma using burst suppression". Anesthesiology. 119 (4): 848–60. doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31829d4ab4. PMC 3857134. PMID 23770601.
  49. ^ Shanechi, MM; Chemali, JJ; Liberman, M; Solt, K; Brown, EN (October 2013). "A brain-machine interface for control of medically-induced coma". PLOS Computational Biology. 9 (10): e1003284. Bibcode:2013PLSCB...9E3284S. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003284. PMC 3814408. PMID 24204231.
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  55. ^ "Board of Directors". bwfund.org. Burroughs-Welcome Fund. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
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  59. ^ "Scientific Advisory Council". cureepilepsy.org. Citizens United in Research on Epilepsy. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  60. ^ "Board, Council and Trust". amacad.org. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  61. ^ "HAROLD AMOS MEDICAL FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM". rwjfleaders.org. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
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  63. ^ "America's Leading Doctors". www.blackenterprise.com. Black Enterprise. May 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  64. ^ Stendahl, Max. "Bio diversity: The 50+ most influential people of color in life science and health care". www.bizjournals.com. Boston Business Journal. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  65. ^ "Dickson Prize". www.cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  66. ^ "Dickson Prize in Science Current Recipient". www.cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  67. ^ Vassallo, Susan (October 2017). "2017 Lewis H. Wright Memorial Lecture: Emery N. Brown, MD, PhD, to present 'A History of Neuroscience Research in Anesthesiology'". ASA Newsletter. 81 (10): 30–31. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  68. ^ Wlody, David (July 2017). "2017 John W. Severinghaus Lecture on Translational Science – 'Electroencephalography in Anesthesiology: Past, Present and Future' Emery N. Brown, MD, PhD". ASA Newsletter. 81 (7): 28–29. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  69. ^ "Joint Statistical Meeting 2017 in Baltimore". imstat.org. Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  70. ^ "Emery N. Brown". Florida Inventors Hall of Fame. April 10, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  71. ^ "NIH Data Science Distinguished Seminar Series". www.nih.gov. Data Science at NIH. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  72. ^ "Past Recipients – Honorary Degrees". honorarydegrees.usc.edu. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  73. ^ Orenstein, David. (2020, October 26). MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Emery Brown wins Swartz Prize for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience.
  74. ^ "Neuroscience | Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu.
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