Elymoclavine

Elymoclavine
Names
	IUPAC name (6-Methyl-8,9-didehydroergolin-8-yl)methanol
	Systematic IUPAC name [(6aR,10aR)-7-Methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,10a-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinolin-9-yl]methanol
Identifiers
CAS Number	548-43-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	389734;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.136
PubChem CID	440904;
UNII	5LR46DLO0D ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70970145 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H18N2O/c1-18-8-10(9-19)5-13-12-3-2-4-14-16(12)11(7-17-14)6-15(13)18/h2-5,7,13,15,17,19H,6,8-9H2,1H3/t13-,15-/m1/s1 Key: DAVNRFCJMIONPO-UKRRQHHQSA-N; InChI=1/C16H18N2O/c1-18-8-10(9-19)5-13-12-3-2-4-14-16(12)11(7-17-14)6-15(13)18/h2-5,7,13,15,17,19H,6,8-9H2,1H3/t13-,15-/m1/s1 Key: DAVNRFCJMIONPO-UKRRQHHQBW;
	SMILES OCC\2=C\[C@@H]3c4cccc1c4c(c[nH]1)C[C@H]3N(C/2)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C16H18N2O
Molar mass	254.327
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Elymoclavine is an ergot alkaloid (ergoline alkaloid). It can be produced from C. fusiformis from Pennisetum typhoideum. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of D-(+)-lysergic acid. Ergot alkaloids are natural products derived from L-tryptophan. They are often toxic for humans and animals. Despite that they are also well known for their pharmacological activities.^[1]^[2]

Biosynthesis

The main building blocks for biosynthesis of elymoclavine are tryptophan (Trp) and DMAPP. DMATrp is obtained after electrophilic substitution followed by addition (Step A below). Then an amine is methylated by an N-methyltransfersase (Step B). Next, the allyl alcohol is oxidized to the diene (Step C). After 1,4-elimination, the diene undergoes an epoxidation (Step D). Then decarboxylation is followed by the 6-member ring formation and epoxide opened to form terminal alcohol (Step E). Obtained chanoclavine gets oxidized to chanoclavine aldehyde (Step F). Then the second 6-member ring forms and agroclavine is obtained after additional reductase (Steps G and H). Finally elymoclavine is generated after an oxidation (Step I). The last step is NADPH-dependent, and it is suggested that cytochrome P450 is the catalyst.^[3]^[4]

References

^ Ahimsa-Müller, M. A.; Markert A.; Hellwig S.; Knoop V.; Steiner U.; Drewke C.; Leistner E. (2007). "Clavicipitaceous fungi associated with ergoline alkaloid-containing convolvulaceae". J. Nat. Prod. 70 (12): 1955–1960. doi:10.1021/np070315t. PMID 18031017.
^ Komarova, E. L.; Tolkachev O. N. (2001). "The Chemistry of Peptide Ergot Alkaloids. Part 2. Analytical Methods for Determining Ergot Alkaloids". Pharm. Chem. J. 35 (10): 542–549. doi:10.1023/A:1014706301632. S2CID 2721387.
^ Schardl, C. L.; Panaccione D. G.; Tudzynski P. "The Alkaloids - Chemistry and Biology". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Dewick, P. M. (2009). Medicinal Natural Products. A Biosynthetic Approach. 3rd Edition. Wiley.

[1] Ahimsa-Müller, M. A.; Markert A.; Hellwig S.; Knoop V.; Steiner U.; Drewke C.; Leistner E. (2007). "Clavicipitaceous fungi associated with ergoline alkaloid-containing convolvulaceae". J. Nat. Prod. 70 (12): 1955–1960. doi:10.1021/np070315t. PMID 18031017.

[2] Komarova, E. L.; Tolkachev O. N. (2001). "The Chemistry of Peptide Ergot Alkaloids. Part 2. Analytical Methods for Determining Ergot Alkaloids". Pharm. Chem. J. 35 (10): 542–549. doi:10.1023/A:1014706301632. S2CID 2721387.

[3] Schardl, C. L.; Panaccione D. G.; Tudzynski P. "The Alkaloids - Chemistry and Biology". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[4] Dewick, P. M. (2009). Medicinal Natural Products. A Biosynthetic Approach. 3rd Edition. Wiley.

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v t e Ergolines
Lysergic acid derivatives	2-Bromo-LSD (BOL-148) Amesergide Bromerguride (2-bromolisuride) Bromocriptine Cabergoline Dihydroergocornine Dihydroergocristine Dihydroergocryptine Dihydroergometrine (Dihydroergonovine, Dihydroergobasine) Dihydroergosine Dihydroergotamine Epicriptine Ergine (LSA; LA-111; Lysergamide) Ergocornine Ergocristine Ergocryptine Ergoloid (Dihydroergotoxine) Ergometrine (Ergonovine, Ergobasine) Ergometrinine Ergostine Ergotamine Ergotoxine Ergovaline Fludihydroergotamine Lisuride LY-215,840 LSH Lysergic acid Lysergic acid methyl ester Lysergine Lysergol Mergocriptine Mesulergine Metergoline Metergotamine MIPLA Methysergide Propisergide Sergolexole
Psychedelic lysergamides	1B-LSD 1cP-LSD 1P-ETH-LAD 1P-LSD AL-LAD ALD-52 BU-LAD CYP-LAD Diallyllysergamide (DAL) Dimethyllysergamide (DAM-57) ECPLA Ergonovine ETFELA ETH-LAD IP-LAD LAMPA LAE-32 LSD (lysergide) LPD-824 LSM-775 LSH LSD-Pip Lysergic Acid 2-Butylamide Lysergic Acid 2,4-Dimethylazetidide Lysergic Acid 3-Pentylamide Lysergic acid cyclobutylamide Lysergic acid cyclopentylamide Methylergometrine (Methylergonovine, Methylergobasine) MIPLA MLD-41 PARGY-LAD PRO-LAD
Clavines	9-Deacetoxyfumigaclavine C Agroclavine Chanoclavine Chanoclavine II Costaclavin Cycloclavine Elymoclavine Epoxyagroclavine Festuclavine Fumigaclavine A Fumigaclavine B Fumigaclavine C Paliclavine Penniclavine Setoclavine
Other ergolines	Acetergamine Brazergoline Cianergoline CY-208,243 Delergotrile Disulergine Dosergoside Ergoline Etisulergine Lergotrile Nicergoline Pergolide Proterguride Romergoline Terguride Tiomergine Voxergolide
Related compounds	Adrogolide Naxagolide Quinagolide
Natural sources	Achnatherum robustum (Sleepy Grass) Claviceps spp. (Ergot) Morning glory: Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose), Ipomoea spp.(Morning Glory, Tlitliltzin, Badoh Negro), Rivea corymbosa (Coaxihuitl, Ololiúqui)