Ellen Eglin
Ellen F. Eglin | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1836 Maryland, US |
| Died | 1916 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Inventor, housekeeper and charwoman |
| Known for | Special type of clothes-wringer |
Ellen F. Eglin (before 1849 – after 1890) was an African-American inventor who invented a type of clothes wringer for washing machines.
Personal
[edit]Little has been recorded about Eglin's early life, which was a common theme among many early Black women inventors. Ellen F. Eglin was born in the state of Maryland in February 1836, according to the 1880 census. At some time, she and her family moved to Washington, D.C., where Eglin made her living as a housekeeper and a government employee. She is unlisted in 1850 - 1870 census records. Later records show her to have been born in Washington, D.C., in 1849, although some experts disagree, labeling her birth in Maryland in 1836. As a young adult, she worked as a clerk in the local census office and also spent time as a domestic. As a housekeeper, Eglin passed several hours engaged in backbreaking laundry work. The task of scrubbing clothes by hand on a washboard and then wringing out the water afterwards ignited Eglin's desire to improve the laundry process, which sparked the idea of a new invention.
Invention
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In 1888, Eglin invented a special type of clothes-wringer, which was a machine that had two wooden rollers attached to a crank; after being washed and rinsed, wet clothes were fed between these rollers and an immense amount of water was squeezed out. The clothes were then hung to dry, a process which took significantly less time due to the wringer. Although the design was perceived as a popular product well into the 20th century, Eglin received almost no credit or financial success of her own invention. At the time, few innovators could claim the rights to their inventions and Eglin's race further complicated her success. For the April 1890 issue of The Women Inventor, a short-lived magazine highlighting female inventors, by feminist reformer Charlotte Smith, a reporter asked Eglin why she sold the rights of the invention at such a minimal cost. Eglin said, "You know I am Black and if it was known that a negro woman patented the invention, white ladies would not buy the wringer. I was afraid to be known because of my color in having it introduced to the market that is the only reason."”[1] Eglin's knowledge that racial bias would prevent the clothes-wringer's success caused her to sell the design to an unknown white agent for $18.[2] The buyer went on to reap considerable financial awards.[2] By 1900, Eglin's invention found a home with the American Wringer Company. The company grew rich from profits earned from Eglin's invention. Eglin's wringer is still used for mops today.
Later work
[edit]After selling her clothes-wringer, Eglin was planning on creating another invention and planned to patent it in her own name. She wanted that "the invention will be known as a black woman's," something that would inspire African American women of the upcoming generation. Although she wanted to exhibit the new model at the Women's International Industrial Inventors Congress (WIIIC), where, anyone was invented regardless of race, she never patented it. , Eglin never appeared at the WIIIC and the mystery invention was never documented. It is rumored that she went on to work as a clerk in a census office.[2]
Last years
[edit]Little is known about the later stages of Ellen Eglin's life, including the place or date of her death. Ellen Eglin appears to have spent the rest of her life in Washington, D. C. In 1890, she was employed by the United States Department of the Interior as a charwoman in the Census Office[3] She appeared in the local city directories from about 1888 living at 1929 11th Street, N. W. with her brother Charles, a Union Navy veteran who was a teamster.[4] Charles Eglin died in July 1896, leaving his estate divided between his three siblings, including Ellen.[5]
Ellen Eglin last appears in the Washington city directories in 1916.
References
[edit]- ^ Warrick, Pamela (September 23, 1992). "Mothers of Invention". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b c Sullivan, Otha (October 28, 2001). Black Stars: African American Women Scientist and Inventors. Wiley. ISBN 9780471387077.
- ^ Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census. Official Register of the United States, Containing a List of the Officers and Employees in the Civil, Military, and Naval Service. (Washington, 1891), 1:78. Ancestry.com. U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863-1959 [database on-line]. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.
- ^ Washington, District of Columbia, City Directory, 1891, 389
- ^ "Will of Charles Eglin," (Washington) Post, August 2, 1896, 2