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Electoral results for the Division of Wills

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Wills in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1949 until the present.

Members

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Member Party Term
  Bill Bryson Labor 1949–1955
  Labor (A-C) 1955–1955
  Gordon Bryant Labor 1955–1980
  Bob Hawke Labor 1980–1992
  Phil Cleary Independent 1992 by–1996
  Kelvin Thomson Labor 1996–2016
  Peter Khalil Labor 2016–present

Election results

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Elections in the 2020s

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2022

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2022 Australian federal election: Wills[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Peter Khalil 35,449 38.87 −5.39
Greens Sarah Jefford 25,793 28.28 +2.01
Liberal Tom Wright 15,771 17.29 −0.76
United Australia Irene Zivkovic 3,352 3.68 +0.54
Socialist Alliance Sue Bolton 3,096 3.39 +3.39
Victorian Socialists Emma Black 2,714 2.98 −1.53
One Nation Jill Tindal 2,554 2.80 +2.80
Animal Justice Leah Horsfall 1,680 1.84 −1.92
Federation Sam Sergi 789 0.87 +0.87
Total formal votes 91,198 94.95 −0.77
Informal votes 4,855 5.05 +0.77
Turnout 96,053 88.61 −2.55
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Peter Khalil 69,104 75.77 +0.06
Liberal Tom Wright 22,094 24.23 −0.06
Two-candidate-preferred result
Labor Peter Khalil 53,415 58.57 +0.10
Greens Sarah Jefford 37,783 41.43 −0.10
Labor hold Swing +0.10

Elections in the 2010s

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2019

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2019 Australian federal election: Wills[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Peter Khalil 42,355 44.08 +6.17
Greens Adam Pulford 25,575 26.62 −4.29
Liberal Peter Killin 17,241 17.94 −3.60
Victorian Socialists Sue Bolton 4,344 4.52 +4.52
Animal Justice Chris Miles 3,596 3.74 +2.08
United Australia Manju Venkat 2,979 3.10 +3.10
Total formal votes 96,090 95.77 +2.61
Informal votes 4,243 4.23 −2.61
Turnout 100,333 90.67 +3.25
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Peter Khalil 72,888 75.85 +4.18
Liberal Peter Killin 23,202 24.15 −4.18
Two-candidate-preferred result
Labor Peter Khalil 55,898 58.17 +3.24
Greens Adam Pulford 40,192 41.83 −3.24
Labor hold Swing +3.24

2016

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2016 Australian federal election: Wills[3]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Peter Khalil 35,431 37.65 −7.49
Greens Samantha Ratnam 29,017 30.83 +8.60
Liberal Kevin Hong 20,634 21.93 −0.91
Sex Party Tristram Chellew 2,608 2.77 +0.16
Independent Francesco Timpano 1,832 1.95 +1.95
Animal Justice Camille Sydow 1,578 1.68 +1.68
Drug Law Reform Ash Blackwell 1,287 1.37 +1.37
Renewable Energy Dougal Gillman 778 0.83 +0.83
Socialist Alliance Zane Alcorn 648 0.69 −0.44
Socialist Equality Will Fulgenzi 295 0.31 +0.31
Total formal votes 94,108 93.25 −1.22
Informal votes 6,807 6.75 +1.22
Turnout 100,915 88.64 −2.29
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Peter Khalil 67,037 71.23 +0.47
Liberal Kevin Hong 27,071 28.77 −0.47
Two-candidate-preferred result
Labor Peter Khalil 51,646 54.88 −10.32
Greens Samantha Ratnam 42,462 45.12 +10.32
Labor hold Swing −10.32

2013

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2013 Australian federal election: Wills[4]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 40,931 45.14 −6.07
Liberal Shilpa Hegde 20,710 22.84 +0.04
Greens Tim Read 20,157 22.23 +0.12
Sex Party Adrian Trajstman 2,363 2.61 +2.51
Palmer United Anne Murray-Dufoulon 2,158 2.38 +2.38
Independent Dean O'Callaghan 2,040 2.25 +2.25
Family First Concetta Giglia 1,285 1.42 −0.15
Socialist Alliance Margarita Windisch 1,024 1.13 +0.30
Total formal votes 90,668 94.47 +0.45
Informal votes 5,304 5.53 −0.45
Turnout 95,972 90.97 −0.16
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Kelvin Thomson 64,161 70.76 −2.77
Liberal Shilpa Hegde 26,507 29.24 +2.77
Two-candidate-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 59,118 65.20 −7.44
Greens Tim Read 31,550 34.80 +34.80
Labor hold Swing N/A

2010

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2010 Australian federal election: Wills[5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 43,718 51.81 −5.08
Liberal Claude Tomisich 20,080 23.79 −0.76
Greens Mark Riley 17,381 20.60 +6.78
Family First Daniel Mumby 1,320 1.56 +0.13
Democrats Paul Roberton 734 0.87 −1.46
Socialist Alliance Trent Hawkins 726 0.86 +0.14
Citizens Electoral Council Craig Isherwood 429 0.51 +0.25
Total formal votes 84,388 93.98 −1.69
Informal votes 5,403 6.02 +1.69
Turnout 89,791 91.07 −2.60
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 61,297 72.64 +0.24
Liberal Claude Tomisich 23,091 27.36 −0.24
Labor hold Swing +0.24

Elections in the 2000s

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2007

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2007 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 49,050 56.89 +3.07
Liberal Claude Tomisich 21,166 24.55 −4.15
Greens David Collis 11,912 13.82 +0.82
Democrats Edward Clarke 2,005 2.33 +0.91
Family First Ihab Kelada 1,233 1.43 −0.12
Socialist Alliance Zane Alcorn 624 0.72 −0.34
Citizens Electoral Council Craig Isherwood 227 0.26 −0.19
Total formal votes 86,217 95.67 +1.17
Informal votes 3,902 4.33 −1.17
Turnout 90,119 93.69 +0.70
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 62,432 72.41 +5.51
Liberal Claude Tomisich 23,785 27.59 −5.51
Labor hold Swing +5.51

2004

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2004 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 44,158 53.82 −2.22
Liberal Blair Hamilton 23,549 28.70 +3.23
Greens Toby Archer 10,663 13.00 +4.72
Family First Deborah Suraci 1,275 1.55 +1.55
Democrats Robert Stone 1,163 1.42 −4.81
Socialist Alliance David Glanz 867 1.06 +1.06
Citizens Electoral Council Noelene Isherwood 373 0.45 −1.04
Total formal votes 82,048 94.50 −0.15
Informal votes 4,772 5.50 +0.15
Turnout 86,820 92.99 −0.80
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 54,893 66.90 −3.67
Liberal Blair Hamilton 27,155 33.10 +3.67
Labor hold Swing −3.67

2001

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2001 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 44,019 56.03 −7.93
Liberal Vytautas Valasinavicius 21,030 26.77 +1.08
Greens Richard Di Natale 6,081 7.74 +7.74
Democrats Robert Stone 5,036 6.41 +0.70
Citizens Electoral Council Craig Isherwood 1,367 1.74 +1.19
Socialist Alliance David Glanz 1,036 1.32 +1.32
Total formal votes 78,569 94.81 −0.92
Informal votes 4,302 5.19 +0.92
Turnout 82,871 93.93
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 54,542 69.42 −1.54
Liberal Vytautas Valasinavicius 24,027 30.56 +1.54
Labor hold Swing −1.54

Elections in the 1990s

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1998

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1998 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 50,507 63.96 +13.98
Liberal David Curry 20,280 25.68 +4.45
Democrats Robert Stone 4,507 5.71 +2.11
Progressive Labour Bill Deller 1,875 2.37 +2.37
Unity Randa Abdel-Fattah 1,363 1.73 +1.73
Citizens Electoral Council Andrew Fox 435 0.55 +0.55
Total formal votes 78,967 95.73 −0.62
Informal votes 3,520 4.27 +0.62
Turnout 82,487 94.55 −0.44
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 56,033 70.96 +15.19
Liberal David Curry 22,934 29.04 +29.04
Labor hold Swing +15.19

1996

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1996 Australian federal election: Wills[6][7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Kelvin Thomson 39,014 49.98 +4.37
Independent Phil Cleary 17,747 22.74 −2.73
Liberal Jack Minas 16,576 21.24 −3.30
Democrats Robert Stone 2,811 3.60 +1.49
Independent Sharon Keppel 1,399 1.79 +1.79
Natural Law Martin Richardson 316 0.40 −0.01
  Independent CEC Craig Isherwood 196 0.25 +0.25
Total formal votes 78,059 96.35 −0.11
Informal votes 2,957 3.65 +0.11
Turnout 81,016 94.99 −0.27
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Kelvin Thomson 56,067 72.21 +12.29
Liberal Jack Minas 21,574 27.79 −12.29
Two-candidate-preferred result
Labor Kelvin Thomson 43,394 55.77 +4.10
Independent Phil Cleary 34,417 44.23 −4.10
Labor gain from Independent Swing +4.10

The division was affected by a redistribution, however it is unclear what effect the new boundaries had on Cleary's margin. The swing compares the margin with the 1993 election without any notional adjustment.[6]

1993

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1993 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bill Kardamitsis 29,499 41.88 −6.80
Independent Phil Cleary 20,721 29.42 +29.42
Liberal Jack Minas 17,386 24.68 −9.80
Democrats Robert Stone 1,474 2.09 −7.48
Independent Katheryne Savage 652 0.93 +0.93
Ken Mantell 271 0.38 +0.38
  Imperial British Cecil G. Murgatroyd 219 0.31 -0.17
Natural Law John Price 212 0.30 +0.30
Total formal votes 70,434 96.64 +2.99
Informal votes 2,451 3.36 −2.99
Turnout 72,885 95.26
Notional two-party-preferred count
Labor Bill Kardamitsis 49,311 70.20 +12.27
Liberal Jack Minas 20,932 29.80 −12.27
Two-candidate-preferred result
Independent Phil Cleary 36,816 52.42 +52.42
Labor Bill Kardamitsis 33,412 47.58 −10.30
Independent gain from Labor Swing N/A

Bob Hawke (Labor) had won the seat at the 1990 election, however he resigned in 1992 and Phil Cleary (Independent) won the seat at the resulting by-election.

1992 by-election

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Wills by-election, 1992[8][9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Phil Cleary 21,391 33.5 +33.5
Labor Bill Kardamitsis 18,784 29.4 −19.3
Liberal John Delacretaz 17,582 27.6 −6.9
Independent Katheryne Savage 1,660 2.6 +2.6
Democrats David Mackay 1,383 2.2 −7.4
Against Further Immigration Angela Walker 577 0.9 +0.9
Independent Geraldine Rawson 453 0.7 +0.7
Independent Ian Sykes 364 0.6 −0.9
  Federal Stan Germaine 280 0.4 +0.4
  Imperial British Cecil G. Murgatroyd 258 0.4 -0.1
Independent Salvatore Ferraro 221 0.4 +0.4
Independent Bob Lewis 216 0.3 +0.3
  Socialist Labour League Richard Phillips 136 0.2 +0.2
Independent Bill French 90 0.1 +0.1
Independent Kon Kyrou 81 0.1 +0.1
Independent Julien Droulers 68 0.1 +0.1
Patricia Poulos 61 0.1 +0.1
Independent John Murray 54 0.1 +0.1
Independent Chris Vassis 43 0.1 +0.1
  Republican Otto Kuhne 35 0.1 +0.1
Independent Will Kapphan 34 0.1 +0.1
Independent Felicia Potter 30 0.1 +0.1
Total formal votes 63,801 93.6 +0.00
Informal votes 4,348 6.4 +0.00
Turnout 68,149 89.4 −4.9
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bill Kardamitis 40,416 63.8 +5.9
Liberal John Delacretaz 22,942 36.2 −5.9
Two-candidate-preferred result
Independent Phil Cleary 41,708 65.7 +65.7
Labor Bill Kardamitsis 21,772 34.3 −23.6
Independent gain from Labor  

1990

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1990 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bob Hawke 32,596 48.7 −9.3
Liberal John Delacretaz 23,088 34.5 +4.3
Democrats Philip Mendes 6,413 9.6 +3.2
Democratic Labor Mark Beshara 2,564 3.8 +3.8
Independent Ian Sykes 986 1.5 +0.4
Democratic Socialist Lali Chelliah 678 1.0 +1.0
  Imperial British Cecil G. Murgatroyd 319 0.5 +0.5
Independent Marc Aussie-Stone 316 0.5 +0.5
Total formal votes 66,960 93.6
Informal votes 4,541 6.4
Turnout 71,501 94.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bob Hawke 38,708 57.9 −8.2
Liberal John Delacretaz 28,116 42.1 +8.2
Labor hold Swing −8.2

Elections in the 1980s

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1987

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1987 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bob Hawke 35,849 61.8 −4.7
Liberal Olga Venables 15,318 26.4 +3.0
Democrats Ken Eley 3,729 6.4 +2.4
Independent Fast Bucks 1,400 2.4 +2.4
Independent Lyn Teather 1,092 1.9 +1.9
Independent Ian Sykes 650 1.1 +1.1
Total formal votes 58,038 91.4
Informal votes 5,480 8.6
Turnout 63,518 93.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bob Hawke 40,519 69.9 −0.4
Liberal Olga Venables 17,432 30.1 +0.4
Labor hold Swing −0.4

1984

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1984 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bob Hawke 38,846 66.5 +1.5
Liberal Victor Perton 13,649 23.4 −1.1
Democrats Peter Allan 2,350 4.0 −2.3
Independent Mark Ferguson 1,360 2.3 +2.3
Independent Lance Hutchinson 1,056 1.8 +1.8
Democratic Labor Gloria Brook 856 1.5 −0.2
Independent Martin Mantell 242 0.4 +0.4
Independent Glen Mann 81 0.1 +0.1
Total formal votes 58,440 89.2
Informal votes 7,097 10.8
Turnout 65,537 94.2
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bob Hawke 40,986 70.3 −1.2
Liberal Victor Perton 17,352 29.7 +1.2
Labor hold Swing −1.2

1983

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1983 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bob Hawke 45,571 67.6 +2.5
Liberal Mark Hoysted 14,773 21.9 −4.5
Democrats John Hallam 4,225 6.3 +2.6
Socialist Labour Martin Mantell 1,287 1.9 +1.2
Democratic Labor Michael Verberne 1,145 1.7 −0.2
Socialist Workers Solomon Salby 206 0.3 −0.7
Imperial British Cecil G. Murgatroyd 174 0.3 +0.3
Total formal votes 67,381 96.2
Informal votes 2,660 3.8
Turnout 70,041 95.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bob Hawke 74.1 +4.2
Liberal Mark Hoysted 25.9 −4.2
Labor hold Swing +4.2

1980

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1980 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bob Hawke 42,815 65.1 +7.5
Liberal Vincenzo d'Aquino 17,337 26.4 +0.0
Democrats Kenneth Goss 2,407 3.7 −4.8
Democratic Labor Thomas Stewart 1,256 1.9 −5.5
Socialist Workers Solomon Salby 677 1.0 +1.0
Socialist Labour Michael Head 490 0.7 +0.7
Independent Martin Newell 410 0.6 +0.6
Communist Philip Herington 368 0.6 +0.6
Total formal votes 65,760 94.5
Informal votes 3,846 5.5
Turnout 69,606 94.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bob Hawke 69.9 +7.3
Liberal Vincenzo d'Aquino 30.1 −7.3
Labor hold Swing +7.3

Elections in the 1970s

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1977

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1977 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 38,456 57.6 −0.5
Liberal Thomas Burrowes 17,597 26.4 −8.4
Democrats Vernon Weaver 5,703 8.5 +8.5
Democratic Labor John Flint 4,964 7.4 +0.3
Total formal votes 66,703 96.1
Informal votes 2,702 3.9
Turnout 69,442 94.5
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 62.6 +3.8
Liberal Thomas Burrowes 37.4 −3.8
Labor hold Swing +3.8

1975

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1975 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 32,382 60.2 −1.1
Liberal Howard Kiel 17,562 32.7 +2.9
Democratic Labor John Flint 3,819 7.1 +0.7
Total formal votes 53,763 97.6
Informal votes 1,336 2.4
Turnout 55,099 95.9
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 60.9 −2.5
Liberal Howard Kiel 39.1 +2.5
Labor hold Swing −2.5

1974

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1974 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 32,721 61.3 +0.6
Liberal John Bales 15,923 29.8 +1.8
Democratic Labor John Flint 3,430 6.4 −4.9
Australia Stanley Bell 944 1.8 +1.8
Republican Bruce Drinkwater 385 0.7 +0.7
Total formal votes 53,403 96.8
Informal votes 1,793 3.2
Turnout 55,196 95.8
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 63.4 +1.6
Liberal John Bales 36.6 −1.6
Labor hold Swing +1.6

1972

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1972 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 30,410 60.7 +9.8
Liberal John Gray 14,015 28.0 −1.6
Democratic Labor John Flint 5,650 11.3 −0.6
Total formal votes 50,075 96.5
Informal votes 51,897 95.8
Turnout 50,075 96.5
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 61.8 +5.4
Liberal John Gray 38.2 −5.4
Labor hold Swing +5.4

Elections in the 1960s

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1969

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1969 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 25,839 50.9 −0.7
Liberal Peter Frankel 15,046 29.6 −3.5
Democratic Labor John Flint 6,021 11.9 −3.3
Independent John Bennett 3,367 6.6 +6.6
Independent Milan Breier 280 0.6 +0.6
Independent Geraldine Phelan 251 0.5 +0.5
Total formal votes 50,804 93.9
Informal votes 3,325 6.1
Turnout 54,129 95.5
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 56.4 +3.3
Liberal Peter Frankel 43.6 −3.3
Labor hold Swing +3.3

1966

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1966 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 18,455 53.6 −0.5
Liberal David Hutchinson 10,714 31.1 +2.2
Democratic Labor John Flint 5,239 15.2 −1.7
Total formal votes 34,408 95.1
Informal votes 1,776 4.9
Turnout 36,184 94.8
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 55.1 −0.7
Liberal David Hutchinson 44.9 +0.7
Labor hold Swing −0.7

1963

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1963 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 20,197 54.1 −3.9
Liberal James Muntz 10,795 28.9 +6.7
Democratic Labor John Hardy 6,315 16.9 −2.9
Total formal votes 37,307 97.5
Informal votes 945 2.5
Turnout 38,252 96.2
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 55.8 −4.2
Liberal James Muntz 44.2 +4.2
Labor hold Swing −4.2

1961

[edit]
1961 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 22,115 58.0 +4.3
Liberal William Pyatt 8,454 22.2 −4.3
Democratic Labor Bill Bryson 7,553 19.8 −0.1
Total formal votes 38,122 96.7
Informal votes 1,300 3.3
Turnout 39,422 95.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 60.0 +4.3
Liberal William Pyatt 40.0 −4.3
Labor hold Swing +4.3

Elections in the 1950s

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1958

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1958 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 21,308 53.7 +6.4
Liberal Alfred Wall 10,498 26.5 −1.5
Democratic Labor Bill Bryson 7,881 19.9 −4.8
Total formal votes 39,687 97.1
Informal votes 1,170 2.9
Turnout 40,857 96.2
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 55.7 +1.3
Liberal Alfred Wall 44.3 −1.3
Labor hold Swing +1.3

1955

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1955 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Gordon Bryant 19,363 47.3 −18.5
Liberal Alfred Wall 11,478 28.0 −4.9
Labor (A-C) Bill Bryson 10,115 24.7 +24.7
Total formal votes 40,956 96.9
Informal votes 1,316 3.1
Turnout 42,272 94.5
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Gordon Bryant 22,269 54.4 −12.5
Liberal Alfred Wall 18,687 45.6 +12.5
Labor hold Swing −12.5

1954

[edit]
1954 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bill Bryson 27,538 62.4 +13.5
Liberal Ian Ingram 16,595 37.6 +4.1
Total formal votes 44,133 98.7
Informal votes 590 1.3
Turnout 44,723 96.4
Labor hold Swing +0.6

1951

[edit]
1951 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bill Bryson 21,136 48.9 +4.7
Liberal Baden Grafen 14,461 33.5 −1.8
Progressive Labor Doris Blackburn 7,595 17.6 −3.0
Total formal votes 43,192 98.2
Informal votes 782 1.8
Turnout 43,974 96.3
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bill Bryson 26,682 61.8 +3.0
Liberal Baden Grafen 16,510 38.2 −3.0
Labor hold Swing +3.0

Elections in the 1940s

[edit]

1949

[edit]
1949 Australian federal election: Wills
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labor Bill Bryson 18,918 44.2 +0.7
Liberal Allan Tyrer 15,101 35.3 +3.3
Blackburn-Mutton Labor Doris Blackburn 8,801 20.6 −2.7
Total formal votes 42,820 98.6
Informal votes 613 1.4
Turnout 43,433 96.4
Two-party-preferred result
Labor Bill Bryson 25,162 58.8 −2.7
Liberal Allan Tyrer 17,658 41.2 +2.7
Labor notional hold Swing −2.7

References

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  1. ^ Wills, VIC, 2022 Tally Room, Australian Electoral Commission.
  2. ^ Wills, VIC, Tally Room 2019, Australian Electoral Commission.
  3. ^ Wills, VIC, Virtual Tally Room 2016, Australian Electoral Commission.
  4. ^ 2013 results for Wills, AEC.
  5. ^ "2010 results for Wills". AEC.
  6. ^ a b "1996 House of Representatives: Victoria". Psephos Adam Carr's Election Archive. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  7. ^ "1996 Two Party Preferred Statistics V1_9.XLS". 1993, 1996 and 1998 election statistics. Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  8. ^ "Wills (Vic) By-Election (11 April 1992)". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
  9. ^ "By-Elections 1990-1993". Psephos.