Ekspress (satellite bus)
The Ekspress (Russian: Экспресс) is a highly flexible satellite bus designed and manufactured by ISS Reshetnev.[1][2] It is an unpressurized bus originally designed for GEO, but that has been adapted for medium Earth orbit and to highly elliptical orbit. It has different versions and has been used from civilian communications to satellite navigation.[3][4][5][6]
Platform variations
[edit]The Ekspress bus has two main platforms: the 1000 light to medium version and the 2000, for heavy satellites.[7] There was a project for a third platform, the 4000, but it has not yet been used.[8][3]
Ekspress-1000 Series
[edit]The Ekspress-1000 (Russian: Экспресс-1000) in its different variations offers an platform for small to medium satellites. It is a direct to GEO bus for total spacecraft weights from 1,200 kilograms (2,600 lb) to 2,200 kilograms (4,900 lb) and having a power production from 3 kW to 8 kW with a life expectancy of 15 years.[1] It is designed for directly stacking up to 3 of the smallest version (Ekspress-1000K) or 2 of the bigger ones.[7]
- Ekspress-1000K (Russian: Экспресс-1000K): The smallest platform. It is designed for spacecraft up to 1,200 kilograms (2,600 lb), with space for 250 kilograms (550 lb) of payload and up to 3 kW of power generation and 1.8 kW of heat dissipation. It can be stacked up to three Ekspress-1000K.[7][9]
- Ekspress-1000H (Russian: Экспресс-1000Н): The middle platform. It is designed for spacecraft up to 1,900 kilograms (4,200 lb), with space for 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) of payload and up to 5.6 kW of power generation and 3.5 kW of heat dissipation. It can be dual stacked with Ekspress-1000K or Ekspress-1000H.[7][9]
- Ekspress-1000SH (Russian: Экспресс-1000SH): The biggest platform. It is designed for spacecraft up to 2,200 kilograms (4,900 lb), with space for 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) of payload and up to 8 kW of power generation and 5 kW of heat dissipation. It can be dual stacked with an Ekspress-1000K.[7][9]
- Ekspress-1000HT (Russian: Экспресс-1000НТ): Evolution of the SH platform.[7]
- Ekspress-1000HTA (Russian: Экспресс-1000НТА): Evolution of the HT platform.[7]
- Ekspress-1000HTV (Russian: Экспресс 1000НТВ): Evolution of the HTA platform.[7]
Ekspress-2000 Series
[edit]The Ekspress-2000 (Russian: Экспресс-2000) is the fruits of the collaboration with Thales Alenia Space and their Spacebus 4000 experience with the Ekspress-1000H.[4][9] It is a big platform for spacecraft massing up to 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb), with space for 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of payload and up to 14 kW of power generation and 7.5 kW of heat dissipation. It is, as the rest of the family, a direct to GEO bus and given its size it is not designed to be stacked. It has an expected design life of 15 years.[7][2]
Ekspress-4000 Series
[edit]The Ekspress-4000 (Russian: Экспресс-4000) is a collaboration with Thales Alenia Space to mix the best elements of the Ekspress-2000 with the Spacebus 4000.[9] It would be a direct to GEO platform for spacecraft massing up to 3,200 kg (7,100 lb) and having a power production of 14 kW with a life expectancy of 15 years. This would enable more than 60 transponders of payload.[8]
It would lack any orbit raising propulsion, but would keep the electric propulsion thrusters (SPT-100) supplied by OKB Fakel for station keeping. It would also use the Russian solar panels and have versions designed for highly elliptical orbit like Molniya orbit so important for the northerner regions of Russia.[8]
During 2009, the plan was to start with a series of satellites in HEO orbits for the Russian government, called Ekspress-RV Экспресс-РВ). It would be a constellation of three on orbit spacecraft with a fourth backup on Earth, but no further development have been communicated. Nor any of the expected foreign sales were closed.[8]
List of satellites
[edit]The Ekspress bus has seen many successes, both for the commercial market and the military programs. Here is a list of all known orders as of July 2016.
| Satellite | Bus | Payload | Order | Launch | Launch Vehicle | Intended Orbit | Launch Result | Launch Weight | Status | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kosmos 2471 (Uragan-K1 #1, 11L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | 2011-02-26 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Success | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | First launch of third generation GLONASS. | ||
| Luch 5A | Ekspress-1000A | — | 2011-12-11 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,148 kg (2,531 lb) | Launched along AMOS-5. | ||
| AMOS-5 | Ekspress-1000H | 2008 | 2011-12-11 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,972 kg (4,348 lb) | Launched along Luch 5A. | ||
| Telkom-3 | Ekspress-1000H | 2009 | 2012-08-06 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Failure | 1,903 kg (4,195 lb) | Stranded in unusable orbit.[10] | ||
| Luch 5B | Ekspress-1000AM | — | 2012-11-02 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) | Launched along Yamal-300K. | ||
| Yamal-300K | Ekspress-1000HTA | 2009 | 2012-11-02 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,870 kg (4,120 lb) | Launched along Luch 5B. | ||
| Ekspress AM5 | Ekspress-2000 | 2009 | 2013-12-26 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 3,358 kg (7,403 lb) | |||
| Ekspress AT1 | Ekspress-1000H | 2010 | 2014-03-15 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,672 kg (3,686 lb) | Launched along Ekspress AT2. | ||
| Ekspress AT2 | Ekspress-1000K | 2010 | 2014-03-15 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 1,326 kg (2,923 lb) | Launched along Ekspress AT1. | ||
| Luch 5V | Ekspress-1000A | — | 2014-04-28 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | — | Launched along KazSat-3. | ||
| KazSat-3 | Ekspress-1000HTA | 2011 | 2014-04-28 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | — | Launched along Luch 5V. | ||
| Luch/Olimp-K 1 | Unknown | — | 2014-09-27 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) | |||
| Ekspress AM6 (Eutelsat 53A) | Ekspress-2000 | 2009 | 2014-10-21 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Partial failure | 3,358 kg (7,403 lb) | Reached its destination using its own propulsion.[11] | ||
| Kosmos 2501 (Uragan-K1 #2, 12L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | 2014-11-30 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Success | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Yamal-401 | Ekspress-2000 | 2010 | 2014-12-15 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Success | 2,976 kg (6,561 lb) | |||
| Ekspress AM8 | Ekspress-1000HTB | 2010 | 2015-09-14 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | GEO | Success | — | |||
| Blagovest 1 (11L) | Ekspress-2000 | 2011 | 2017-08-16 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Planned: 2016 | — | |||
| Blagovest 2 (12L) | Ekspress-2000 | — | 2018-04-18 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | — | — | |||
| Blagovest 3 (13L) | Ekspress-2000 | — | 2018-12-21 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | — | — | |||
| Blagovest 4 (14L) | Ekspress-2000 | — | 2018-09-05 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | — | — | |||
| Kosmos 2569 (Uragan-K2 #1, 11L) | Ekspress-1000A | — | 2023-09-07 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | planned: 2017 | 1,645 kg (3,627 lb) | |||
| Yamal-601 | Ekspress-2000 | 2015 | 2019-05-30 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Planned: 2018 | — | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #3, 13L) | Ekspress-1000A | — | Planned: 2018 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Ekspress 80 | Ekspress-1000H | 2016 | 2020-07-30 | Proton-M / Briz-M | GEO | Success | — | [12] | ||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #4, 14L) | Ekspress-1000A | — | Planned: 2018 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kilograms (2,121 lb) | |||
| Ekspress 103 | Ekspress-1000H | 2016 | 2020-07-30 | Proton-M / Briz-M | GEO | Success | — | [13] | ||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #5, 15L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2018 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K2 #2, 12L) | Ekspress-1000A | — | Planned: 2018 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 1,645 kg (3,627 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #6, 16L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2018 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #7, 17L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2018 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #8, 18L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2018 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2018 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Yenisey A1 (ex Luch 4) | Ekspress-2000 | — | Planned: 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | GEO | Planned: 2019 | — | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #9, 19L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2019 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2019 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #10, 20L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2019 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2019 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #11, 21L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2019 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | MEO | Planned: 2019 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K2 #3, 13L) | Ekspress-1000A | — | Planned: 2019 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2019 | 1,645 kg (3,627 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #12, 22L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2019 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2019 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Kosmos 2xxx (Uragan-K1 #13, 23L) | Ekspress-1000K | — | Planned: 2020 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | MEO | Planned: 2020 | 962 kg (2,121 lb) | |||
| Lybid 1 | Ekspress-1000T | 2010 | Planned: 201x | Zenit-3F | GEO | Planned: 201x | 1,845 kg (4,068 lb) | Satellite us built and in storage. Future uncertain due to the Russo-Ukrainian war.[14] | ||
| Armenian ComSat | Ekspress-1000H | 2012 | Cancelled | Cancelled | ||||||
| Zohreh 1 | Ekspress-1000K | 2005 | — | Cancelled | Cancelled | Program cancelled.[15] | ||||
| Zohreh 2 | Ekspress-1000K | 2005 | — | Cancelled | Cancelled | Program cancelled.[15] | ||||
| AOneSat 1 | Ekspress-1000H | 2013 | 2016 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Satellite cancelled.[16] |
See also
[edit]
- ISS Reshetnev – The Ekspress bus designer and manufacturer.
- Russian Satellite Communications Company – The main Russian state operator of communications satellites.
- Ekspress Constellation – Communication satellite family operated by Russian Satellite Communications Company.
- Luch satellite constellation – A Russian relay satellites constellation that enable constant communications with the ISS and Soyuz-MS.
- GLONASS-K – Third generation of the GLONASS navigation satellite that is based on the Ekspress-1000 bus.
- GLONASS-K2 – Evolution of the GLONASS-K based on the Ekspress-1000A bus.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk (13 March 2016). "ISS Reshetnev: Ekspress-1000". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk (13 March 2016). "ISS Reshetnev: Ekspress-2000". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b Zak, Anatoly (16 March 2014). "Ekspress-1000N communication satellite platform". Russian Space Web. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b Zak, Anatoly (26 October 2014). "Ekspress-2000 satellite platform". Russian Space Web. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (14 July 2016). "GLONASS-K2 satellite". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (29 September 2015). "GLONASS-K". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Seyvald, Sergey (22–23 April 2010). JSC ISS Corporate Presentation (PDF). Spain-ISTC/STCU Cooperation.
- ^ a b c d Matveeva, Elena (2008). ""Экспресс-4000" −росси йско -европейска я спутникова я платформа" [Express-4000 A Russian-European Satellite Platform] (PDF). ISS Reshetnev Journal (in Russian) (5). ISS Reshetnev: 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "General-purpose platforms for new-day satellites" (PDF). ISS Reshetnev Journal (8). ISS Reshetnev: 8–9. 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Telkom 3". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Ekspress-AM 6 (Eutelsat 53A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Ekspress 80". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Ekspress 103". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Lybid 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ a b Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "Zohreh 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (17 April 2016). "AOneSat 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 July 2016.