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Echinocereus fendleri

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Echinocereus fendleri

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Echinocereus
Species:
E. fendleri
Binomial name
Echinocereus fendleri
(Engelm.) Sencke ex J.N.Haage
Synonyms
  • Cereus fendleri Engelm. 1849

Echinocereus fendleri is a species of cactus known by the common names pinkflower hedgehog cactus and Fendler's hedgehog cactus. It is named in honor of Augustus Fendler.[3]

It grows in deserts and woodlands in the Southwestern United States and Northeastern Mexico.[4] It is most common in New Mexico.[5]

The taxonomy of the species is uncertain, with authors recognizing up to eight varieties.[5]

Description

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Echinocereus fendleri grows solitary with an erect oval or cylindrical stem, sometimes forming a clump of several spreading stem branches. The stem may reach 7.5 to 30 cm (3.0 to 11.8 in) in maximum height and 3.8 to 6.2 cm (1.5 to 2.4 in) in diameter. They have eight to ten non-tuberculated ribs. There are up to 16 spines per areole, generally in shades of brown and white, or white with a brown stripe. The single dark central spine, which may be absent, is straight or slightly curved and lightens with age, measuring 1.2 to 3.8 cm (0.47 to 1.50 in) long. The five to nine light-colored, spreading, straight marginal spines are 0.9 to 1.2 cm (0.35 to 0.47 in) long.

The showy flower is most any shade of pink, from nearly white to deep maroon. It can be 11 cm (4.3 in) long and wide, each tepal measuring up to 7 cm (2.8 in) long. The fruit is spherical, red and a few centimeters long.[6]

The flesh of the plant is edible, and Native American groups consumed the stems and fruits.[5]

Subspecies

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There are two recognized subspecies:[7]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri Arizona to W. Texas and Mexico (Sonora, N. Chihuahua)
Echinocereus fendleri subsp. rectispinus (Peebles) N.P.Taylor SE. Arizona to W. Texas, Mexico (N. Sonora, Coahuila)

Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri, Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus' (formerly Echinocereus kuenzleri), is rare and federally listed as an endangered species of the United States. When it was listed in 1979, there were only 200 known individuals of this variety remaining, all in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. It was threatened with extinction by poachers, who removed many plants from the wild.

More populations have since been discovered. The US Fish and Wildlife Service has suggested it be downlisted to threatened status.[8] Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus differs from other varieties of the species by having large flowers, reaching 11 centimeters long and magenta in color, and white spines.[8]

Distribution

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Echinocereus fendleri is found in the United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas) and the neighboring Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Plants are found growing in on dry slopes and in rocky limestone areas growing in semidesert grasslands, chaparral, coniferous-oak woodlands at elevations of 900 to 2400 meters.[9]

  • Echinocereus fendleri growing with Yucca in Arizona
    Echinocereus fendleri growing with Yucca in Arizona
  • Plants growing in Mockingbird Gap, Socorro County, New Mexico
    Plants growing in Mockingbird Gap, Socorro County, New Mexico
  • Plants growing in Big Pine Canyon, Lincoln County, New Mexico
    Plants growing in Big Pine Canyon, Lincoln County, New Mexico

Taxonomy

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First described as Cereus fendleri by George Engelmann in 1849, the species was named to honor German botanist August Fendler. Francisco Seitz placed the species in the genus Echinocereus in 1870.[10]

References

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  1. ^ Heil, K.; Terry, M.; Corral-Díaz, R. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Echinocereus fendleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152682A121484139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152682A121484139.en. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  2. ^ NatureServe (2023). "Echinocereus fendleri". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ SEINet
  4. ^ Echinocereus fendleri.[permanent dead link‍] The Nature Conservancy.
  5. ^ a b c Echinocereus fendleri. US Forest Service Fire Ecology.
  6. ^ Echinocereus fendleri. Flora of North America.
  7. ^ "Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Sencke ex Haage". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  8. ^ a b USFWS. var. kuenzleri Five-year Review. May 2005.
  9. ^ "Echinocereus fendleri". LLIFLE. 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2024-06-29. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
  10. ^ Arts, American Academy of (1849). "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". The Academy. ISSN 0096-6134. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
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