East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party
| East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party | |
|---|---|
| Shärqiy Turkistan Khälq Inqilawi Partiyisi 东突厥斯坦人民革命党 | |
| Dates of operation | 1969–1989 |
| Active regions | Xinjiang, China |
| Ideology | Marxism–Leninism Uyghur nationalism Separatism pro-Soviet anti-Chinese |
| Size | 60,000 (claimed)[1] |
| Allies |  Soviet Union Mongolia Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (from 1979) |
| Opponents |  China |
| Battles and wars | Xinjiang conflict |
The East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party (Uyghur: Shärqiy Turkistan Khälq Inqilawi Partiyisi; Chinese: 东突厥斯坦人民革命党) was a Uyghur communist party[citation needed] and armed separatist group in Xinjiang. It was founded in 1969 or earlier[2] during Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution, and was the largest armed separatist group in the Xinjiang conflict before its dissolution in 1989.[3]
The ETPRP's goal was to initiate a second "Revolution of the Three Districts" to establish an independent Marxist–Leninist Uyghur state in the Xinjiang region[citation needed], with help from the Soviet Union. Support from the Soviets increased during the Sino-Soviet split and subsequent border dispute.[4]
History
[edit]The ETPRP was founded in 1969 or earlier in Xinjiang, China. It was made up of mainly Uyghurs, but also had a small number of Kazakh fighters.[1] According to Chinese historian Zhang Yuxi, the ETPRP may have been established secretly in 1963.[2] Former members of the ETPRP claimed that the party had around 60,000 members and 178 underground branches in 1969; however, this had not been verified by a third-party.[1]
After a failed insurrection in 1969, the ETPRP gradually weakened due to the arrest and exile of most of their members.[1] The ETPRP blamed the Soviets for their "lack of commitment" to their cause.[2] The party disbanded in 1989.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Rémi Castets, Opposition politique, nationalisme et islam chez les Ouïghours du Xinjiang, Les Études du CERI, October 2004. (in French)
- ^ a b c James Millward, Violent Separatism in Xinjiang: A Critical Assessment, Policy Studies, East-West Center Washington, 2004.
- ^ David D. Wang, East Turkestan Movement in Xinjiang, Journal of Chinese Political Science, Springer Netherlands, June 1998.
- ^ Han, Enze (August 31, 2010). External Kin, Ethnic Identity and the Politics of Ethnic Mobilization in the People's Republic of China (Doctor of Philosophy). The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University. pp. 113–114.
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