Dungeness (Cumberland Island, Georgia)
Dungeness Historic District | |
 Dungeness in 1958 | |
   | |
| Nearest city | St. Marys, Georgia |
|---|---|
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne, Shingle Style |
| MPS | Cumberland Island National Seashore MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84000920 |
| Added to NRHP | February 13, 1984[1] |
Dungeness on Cumberland Island, Georgia, is a ruined mansion that is part of a historic district that was the home of several families significant in American history. The mansion was named after a nearby sandy spit at the southern end of the island, first recorded in a land grant petition in 1765 and almost certainly named after the Dungeness headland, on the south coast of England.[2]: 54 The first Dungeness house was the legacy of Revolutionary War hero Nathanael Greene, who had acquired 11,000 acres (45 km2) of island land in 1783 in exchange for a bad debt. In 1800, his widow Catharine Miller (by then remarried) built a four-story tabby mansion over a Timucuan shell mound.[2]: 98–101 During the War of 1812 the island was occupied by the British, who used the house as a headquarters.
In 1818, Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, a cavalry commander during the Revolutionary War and father of Robert E. Lee, stayed at the house until his death on March 25, 1818, cared for by Greene's daughter Louisa, and was laid to rest in a nearby cemetery with full military honors provided by an American fleet stationed at St. Marys, Georgia.[3] The house was abandoned during the U.S. Civil War and burned in 1866.[4]
In the 1880s the property was purchased by Thomas M. Carnegie, brother of Andrew Carnegie, who began to build a new mansion on the site. The 59-room Queen Anne style mansion and grounds were completed after Carnegie's death in 1886. His wife Lucy continued to live at Dungeness and built other estates for her children, including Greyfield for Margaret Carnegie Ricketson, Plum Orchard for George Lauder Carnegie, and Stafford Plantation. By this time, the Carnegies owned 90% of the island.
The Carnegies moved out of Dungeness in 1925. In 1959 the Dungeness mansion was destroyed by fire, alleged to be arson.[4] The ruins are today preserved by the National Park Service as part of Cumberland Island National Seashore. They were acquired by the Park Service in 1972.[5]
The main house comprises a portion of the larger historic district, which includes servant's quarters, utility buildings, laundries, cisterns, and a variety of other structures.[6] The district forms a planned, landscaped ensemble. The most significant supporting structure is the Tabby House or Nathanael Greene Cottage, which dates to the Greene family's tenure.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
- ^ a b Bullard, Mary (2003). Cumberland Island: A History. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820327419.
- ^ William W. Winn. Private Fastness: Tales Of Wild, American Heritage, April 1972, Volume 23, Issue 3.
- ^ a b "Dungeness (Cumberland Island, Ga.)". Digital Library of Georgia. January 14, 2009.
- ^ a b "Dungeness Mansion Ruin". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. January 14, 2009. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
- ^ "Dungeness Negro Servants' Quarters". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. January 14, 2009. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
External links
[edit]
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. GA-2160, "Dungeness, Cumberland Island, Cumberland Island, Camden County, GA", 6 photos, 2 measured drawings, 4 data pages
- HABS No. GA-2161, "General Nathaneal Greene Cottage, Cumberland Island, Cumberland Island, Camden County, GA", 4 photos, 3 measured drawings, 2 data pages
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| Related | |
- Houses in Camden County, Georgia
- Lee family residences
- Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Queen Anne architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
- Shingle Style houses
- National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland Island National Seashore
- Historic American Buildings Survey in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Tabby buildings
- Shingle Style architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Carnegie family residences