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Drug abuse in Hong Kong

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Legal drug abuse is the action of using drugs that are allowed by the government or not controlled by means of prescription to alter one’s consciousness and emotions. The Hong Kong government has tolerate policy against legal drug use. Drugs such as cannabis and ecstasy, which can be considered recreational drugs in other countries are all illegal in Hong Kong.[1]

Legal drug use remains one of the major adolescents in Hong Kong. This trend dropped in the mid-1990s, but reappeared in the beginning of the 21st century.[2][3] The increase of consumption of illegal drugs among adolescents in Hong Kong can be attributed to the global trend of recreational drug use at nightclubs and rave parties. Following the popularisation of nightclubs and rave culture in Hong Kong, the abuse of party drugs such as ecstasy and ketamine has been on the rise since 2000.[4][5]

Despite Hong Kong being a relatively safe city, and the Hong Kong government’s efforts in controlling the use of illegal substances, drug abuse is still a prevailing issue in Hong Kong. Each year, more than 2000 people are reported to have taken illicit drugs for the first time.[6] This can be attributed to Hong Kong's relatively lenient punishment for those found to have possessed illegal drugs and adolescent's receptive viewpoint regarding drug use as a normal part of leisure, as well as easy access of party drugs in club settings. Sometimes, the judge will only ask the offender to bind over or charge the offender with a fine after they are convicted.[7]

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The following substances listed, all considered illegal in Hong Kong, are in order of popularity:[8][9]

  • Ketamine- a general anaesthetic used in intensive care by doctors for its pain relieving and sedative qualities.
  • Cannabis- Cannabis often referred to as marijuana, weed or pot is often used for its psychoactive and physiological effects.
  • MDMA- also known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that induces hallucinogenic properties. Ecstasy became popular in the mid-1990s because of its association with Western club culture and raves.
  • Cocaine- a white powdery substance extracted from the leaves of the coca plant, and is considered the strongest natural stimulant.
  • Methamphetamine- a strong central nervous system stimulant in the amphetamine class used to treat ADHD.
  • Heroin- an opioid analgesic, derived from the opium poppy, a narcotic drug that is four times stronger than morphine.
  • GHB- a central nervous system suppressant with anti-anxiety effects at lower doses. In higher doses, the sedative effects of GHB can induce sleep, which can potentially lead to a coma. GHB is also known as a date rape drug.[10]

Penalties

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Illegal drug use in Hong Kong is regarded as a narcotics offence, and if caught penalties include imprisonment for seven years and a fine of HK$1,000,000.[11] From the statistics of drug offences in 2015 released by The Secretary for Security, Lai Tung-Kwok, there are 1855 serious drug offences in total. 414 offences less compared to 2013 nearly 450 young adults were arrested because of serious offences, such as possession and use of illegal drugs.[12]

Prevention

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There is no sufficient evidence suggesting that behavioural intervention can prevent illegal drug use.[13] To prevent people from taking drugs in Hong Kong, there are numerous agencies such as non-government organisations and anti-drug organisations funded by the government set up to help educate the general public about the dangers of substance abuse and to help people with substance abuse problems.[14] The Narcotics Division launched anti-drug policies and measures providing programs to strengthen Hong Kong citizens awareness of hidden problems of drug abuse. It also set up a 24-hour hotline to provide services and professional social workers to give suggestions to those in need. The Caritas Youth and Community Service, and Play Safe Healthy Life Service strive to help adolescents with substance abuse problems through providing crisis intervention services and drug education.

Recreational drug use

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Recreational drug use is characterised by the use of drugs with psychoactive effects without medical justification for personal enjoyment. Recreational drug use in Hong Kong among young adults has been in the rise in recent decades,[15] popularised by the introduction of club culture in the West and adolescents open-minded attitude towards illegal drug use as a normal part of leisure.[16] The revival of this trend is connected to the change in drug abuse pattern of adolescents, mainly from party drugs such as ketamine and MDMA. The popularisation of party drugs in nightclubs and raves are due to its ability to elevate moods, promoting the dancing atmosphere and a sense of euphoria.[17] Along with MDMA and ketamine, cannabis, cocaine and GHB is considered the more popular illegal drug of choice for adolescents. 78% of adolescents attending nightclubs chose ketamine and 66% would use MDMA, and less than 12% would use other drugs such as cannabis and methamphetamine.[18][19]

References

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  1. ^ Boland, R. (n.d.). Drugs in Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://gohongkong.about.com/od/healthandsaftey/fl/Drugs-in-Hong-Kong.htm Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Chan Wai Leung, Chu Fung, Wong Pui Ling, Yu Kai Ming Caritas – Hong Kong. Innovative Intervention Mode for Young Recreational Drug Users in Hong Kong — Changing through acting. Part 2: Changing drug abuse patterns and law enforcement strategies.
  3. ^ Narcotics Division (2002). Central Registry of Drug Abuse – Fifty-first Report. Hong Kong: Security Bureau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
  4. ^ Cheung, N. W., & Cheung, Y. W. (2006). Is Hong Kong experiencing normalisation of adolescent drug use? Some reflections on the normalisation thesis. Substance use & misuse, 41(14), 1967-1990.
  5. ^ Yuen, ECP. (2001). The common drugs of abuse in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, 8(2), 90-95. Retrieved from http://www.hkcem.com/html/publications/Journal/2001-2/90-95.pdf
  6. ^ Central Registry of Drug Abuse.(12.19.2014). Newly/previously reported drug abusers by age. Retrieved from http://www.nd.gov.hk/statistics_list/doc/en/t1.pdf
  7. ^ Lau, S. (2000, September 19). Drug charge against High Court judge's son dropped. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/article/334617/drug-charge-against-high-court-judges-son-dropped
  8. ^ Common Drugs. (2015, March 1). Retrieved from http://www.police.gov.hk/ppp_en/04_crime_matters/drug/common_drug.html
  9. ^ Central Registry of Drug Abuse.(12.19.2014). Newly/previously reported drug abusers by age group by common type of drugs abused. Retrieved from http://www.nd.gov.hk/statistics_list/doc/en/t3.pdf
  10. ^ DrugFacts: Club Drugs (GHB, Ketamine, and Rohypnol). (2014, December 1). Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/club-drugs-ghb-ketamine-rohypnol Archived 2015-03-20 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Laws & Penalties. (2015, March 1). Retrieved from http://www.police.gov.hk/ppp_en/04_crime_matters/drug/law_pen.html
  12. ^ Transcript remarks made by the Secretary for Security, Mr Lai Tung-kwok, at a media session at Central Government Offices meeting.(5.2.2015). Retrieved from http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201502/05/P201502050973.htm
  13. ^ Patnode, C., O’Connor E, Rowland M, et al. (2014). Scope and Purpose. In Primary care behavioural interventions to prevent or reduce illicit drug and non-medical pharmaceutical use in children and adolescents: A systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
  14. ^ Social Welfare Department.(2014).List of Subvented Residential Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Centres and Halfway Houses. Retrieved from http://www.swd.gov.hk/doc/DrugAbusers/DTRC_20140617e.pdf Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Narcotics Division (2002). Central Registry of Drug Abuse – Fifty-first Report. Hong Kong: Security Bureau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
  16. ^ Cheung, N. W., & Cheung, Y. W. (2006). Is Hong Kong experiencing a normalization of adolescent drug use? Some reflections on the normalization thesis. Substance use & misuse, 41(14), 1967-1990.
  17. ^ Cohen, R.S. (1998). The Love Drug: marching to the beat of ecstasy. NY: The Haworth Medical Press
  18. ^ Chan, W.L. (2003). Who Can Work Hard and Play Safe? HK: Caritas Youth and Community Service
  19. ^ Legislative Council Secretariat. (2009). The youth drug abuse problem in Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr08-09/english/sec/library/0809in12-e.pdf
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