Draft:Shisa-8

• Comment: Please see WP:REFBEG and fix your citation style. Currently, none of the presented sources are clear or verifiable. Hitro talk 10:31, 7 October 2024 (UTC)

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Shisa-8 is a protein encoded by theThe Human gene C22orf17 (Chromosome 22, Open Reading Frame 17). The Shisa-8 protein is predicted to interact with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isooxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and is predicted to be apart of the complex. AMPA receptors are predicted to have effects on learning, memory, and gating properties in neurons.

Aliases

the protein Shisa-8 has multiple aliases, including C22orf17, CTA-250D10.17, and Putative Protein Shisa-8.

Gene

Locus

The genetic location of the C22orf17 gene lies between two genes being MIR33A and TNFRSF13C respectively and is found from 41,909,533 to 41,915,053 spanning 5,532 base pairs. Specifically, C22orf17 is located on the minus (-) strand of Chromosome 22 at cytogenetic band q13.2.

Exons

Human Chromosome 22 FISH-mapped BACs. Image was created by Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP)

C22orf17 has a total of 4 exons and 3 introns and spans approximately 5,532 base pairs. all of the introns are gt-ag.

RNA

Expression of the C22orf17 gene was noted in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and adrenal gland with little to no expression in other areas of the brain. One study showed that EST clones of similar sequences in brain and colon tumors and in lymphoma libraries were discovered, showing an association with cancer.

Protein

Structure

Shisa-8 is a membrane bound protein enriched with AMPA receptors that has 4 isoforms.It is a class of transporters only found in the membrane currently. The protein is comprised of several regions including a N-terminus cysteine rich region extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, C-terminus region with a proline rich region and a PDZ II domain. This cysteine rich region is highly conserved, showing its importance in interacting with AMPA receptors. The PDZ region also allows this protein to interact with other PDZ containing proteins. It also contains a Wnt and FGF signaling domain critical for brain development or neurotransmitter regulation.,

Isoforms

C22orf17 has 4 isoforms being isoform 1,2,3 and X1. Exon 1,2, and 4 are all the same length and location in each isoform, with Exon 3 being different in each one. The longest of these isoforms is isoform 1 producing a protein that is a total of 492 amino acids.

Molecular weight and Amino Acid Length

Caption text

Isoform Protein #	Accession #	mRNA length (nt)	Protein Length (aa)	Molecular Weight (kDa)	Variation in Exon 3 (nt)
1	NP_001340367	2108	492	47.5	431
2	NP_001340368	2000	456	43.9	323
3	NP_001193949	1823	397	38.6	146
X1	XP_006724319	1988	452	47.3	No information

Evolution

Homology Shisa-8 orthologs were found in vertebrates and even includes cartilaginous fish.. Theories of Shisa-8 origins conclude that it either resulted from a gene duplication from Shisa-9, or was present in the last common ancestor of vertebrates. Of all vertebrates, the most divergent ortholog found was a Petromyzon marinus(Sea Lamprey). Shisa-8 diverged from Petromyzon marinus approximately 462 million years ago

Shisa-8 Ortholog Table. Created using NCBI's BLAST tool.

Rate Of Evolution Using Cytochrome C and Fibrinogen Alpha divergence rates, Shisa-8 divergence rates were more similar to Fibrinogen Alpha divergence rates. This seems to indicate that Shisa-8's rate of mutation is similar to that of Fibrinogen Alpha.

Shisa-8 Divergence Rate versus Fibrinogen Alpha and Cytochrome C Divergence Rate