Draft:Santalum involutum

Santalum involutum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Santalales
Family:	Santalaceae
Genus:	Santalum
Species:	S. involutum
Binomial name
	Santalum involutum; H. St. John. (1984)

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Last edited by KylieTastic (talk | contribs) 3 months ago. (Update)

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Santalum involutum is an endangered small tree belonging to the Santalaceae family, commonly known as sandalwood.

Characteristics

It typically reaches a height of 4 to 8.3 m (13 to 27 ft) and has smooth, charcoal-colored bark. The leaves are coriaceous (papery) and arranged opposite each other, often drooping. They are linear-elliptic in shape, measuring 5.7 to 8 cm (2.2 to 3 in) in length and 1.4 to 1.8 cm (0.6 to 0.7 in) in width. The leaves have rolled-in sides that give them a tubular appearance. The inflorescences, called cymes, are 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2 in) long and bear 5 to 15 flowers, with the terminal flower blooming first.

Flowers and Fruits

The flower stalk, known as the peduncle, is 9 to 16 mm (0.4 to 0.6 in) long. The flowers themselves are campanulate (flaring) to cylindrical in shape, with four lobes. They are initially greenish-white, but may turn red as they age. The fruits, known as drupes, are fleshy and contain a single seed. They measure 15 to 20 mm (0.6 to 0.8 in) in length and have an apical ring and a slender tip of 3 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in).

Origins

Santalum involutum and S. pyrularium are two species that are found exclusively on Kauai. While they may share similarities in their physical characteristics, they are genetically distinct from each other. The evidence from phylogenetic studies, which include the analysis of both nrDNA and cpDNA data, suggests that S. pyrularium originated from a separate colonization event within the red-flowered clade. On the other hand, S. involutum is more closely related to the white-flowered S. ellipticum clade. DNA analysis also indicates that S. involutum may have ancient hybrid origins, representing a combination of genetic material from both the white- and red-flowered Hawaiian Santalum clades (Harbaugh et al. 2010, entire).

References

^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6]

^ 02/06/2024 84 FR 27152 27154 Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 91 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and American Samoa
^ 02/06/2024 81 FR 67786 67860 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Final Rule
^ 02/06/2024 81 FR 3767 3768 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed rule; reopening of comment period, and announcement of public information meeting and hearing.
^ 02/06/2024 80 FR 58819 58909 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed Rule
^ 02/06/2024 79 FR 72449 72497 Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions
^ 02/06/2024 Species Report for Santalum involutum (ʻiliahi), Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Honolulu, HI

[1] 02/06/2024 84 FR 27152 27154 Initiation of 5- Year Status Reviews for 91 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and American Samoa

[2] 02/06/2024 81 FR 67786 67860 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Final Rule

[3] 02/06/2024 81 FR 3767 3768 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed rule; reopening of comment period, and announcement of public information meeting and hearing.

[4] 02/06/2024 80 FR 58819 58909 Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed Rule

[5] 02/06/2024 79 FR 72449 72497 Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions

[6] 02/06/2024 Species Report for Santalum involutum (ʻiliahi), Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Honolulu, HI

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