Draft:Precolonial period of Belize

Precolonial
Precolonial
1638–1862
Location	Belize
Including	xx (to xx); xx (to xx);
Monarch(s)	Charles I (first); Victoria (last);
Leader(s)	xx
Key events	xx; xx; xx;
Spanish	Colonial

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The Precolonial period of Belizean history began with xx, and ended with xx. xx.^{[n 1]}

Background

Geography

graham p xx = pirate base off Stann Ck/St George

History

reich 28-39 = 1700+ restall 9-30 = 1648+ grah 247-256 = 1638+ jones 19-21, 62-64, 213-end = 1638-1707

Demographics

Economy

Society

Government

Sites

Timeline

Prominent Precolonial period events in Belize and periphery.^{[n 2]}
Start	End	Place	Event	Notes
Jul 1643	Dec 1643	BayH	Jackson raids Truxillo	cf ^{[n 3]}
Jan 1648	Dec 1648	Bacl	Mayas overrun Bacalar	cf ^{[n 4]}
Jan 1652	Dec 1652	Bacl	Thomas raids Bacalar	cf ^{[n 5]}
Jan 1667	Dec 1668	Bay	Honduran leg of l'Olonnais cruise	cf ^{[n 6]}
Jan 1676	Dec 1676	Far	Esquivel logging report	cf ^{[n 7]}
Jan 1695	Dec 1696	Mopn, Dzul, Chet?, Bacl	Avedano mision	cf ^{[n 8]}
Jan 1734	Dec 1734	?	De Guelle map	cf ^{[n 9]}

Legacy

In culture

In scholarship

Seventeenth and eighteenth century records of or on Belize are especially scarce.^{[n 10]}

Notes and references

Notes

^ The Precolonial period is variously dated in literature. See Periodisation of the history of Belize for further discussion.
^ Upper and lower bounds given. Some dates in Julian calendar. Polities abbreviated as Bacl (Bacalar), ChDz (Chet and Dzul), Chet (Chetumal), Dzul (Dzuluinicob), Far (none of those listed here), ManC (Manche Chol), MnMp (ManC and Mopn), Mopn (Mopan), Near (surrounding polities). Bodies of water abbreviated as BayA (waters off Amatique or otherwise equidistant from BayH and BayY), BayH (waters off Honduras including islands), BayY (waters of Belize and Quintana Roo including atolls, cayes, islands, reefs), Bay (any of the preceding). No other places given. Only one place given per entry. Places in or off Belize given in preference to or to exclusion of others.
^ Taken 'without much effort'; led to villa's abandonment (Reichert, p. 23).
^ Led to villa's withdrawal until 1729 (Restall, p. 9).
^ Led to villa's relocation inland to Chichanha (Reichert, pp. 26–27).
^ Raided and looted native settlements (Reichert, p. 24).
^ Based on 1663 voyage around Campeachy Bay, and time in office since then (Aliphat, pp. 857–860). Did not venture to Honduras Bay (Aliphat, pp. 858–860).
^ Prior to which Aliphat deems Peten was 'utterly unknown to the Spanish of Yucatan and Guatemala,' geography wise Aliphat, pp. 861–864. Resulting report and map employed in 1697 Ursua entrada Aliphat, p. 864.
^ Aliphat deems first to show Yucatan Peninsula 'as a whole' (Aliphat, pp. 870–872). South of Bacalar not personally surveyed (Aliphat, p. 872).
^ xx. In this regard, Graham noted –
Belize never crystallised as a place in European consciousness of the sixteenth century. If Belize was anything, it was a liminal, elusive, shifting, dangerous space, neither land nor sea, neither here nor there, betwixt and between an idea of a ‘Yucatan’ and an idea of a ‘Kingdom of Guatemala.’
— Graham, Maya Christians (2011).
Which sentiment Restall felt applied likewise into the early 18th century (Restall, pp. 2–3).

References

Marcus LC (1990). English Influence on Belize and the Peten Region of Northern Guatemala, 1630 to 1763 (PhD thesis). Southern Methodist University. ProQuest 9109302.
Vasquez Barke G (2012). Bacalar en el siglo XVII: colonización y resistencia (MA thesis). Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
Vasquez Barke G (2016). Los poderes y los hombres: el Golfo de Honduras en tiempos de disputa (PhD thesis). Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.

External links

[1] The Precolonial period is variously dated in literature. See Periodisation of the history of Belize for further discussion.

[2] Upper and lower bounds given. Some dates in Julian calendar. Polities abbreviated as Bacl (Bacalar), ChDz (Chet and Dzul), Chet (Chetumal), Dzul (Dzuluinicob), Far (none of those listed here), ManC (Manche Chol), MnMp (ManC and Mopn), Mopn (Mopan), Near (surrounding polities). Bodies of water abbreviated as BayA (waters off Amatique or otherwise equidistant from BayH and BayY), BayH (waters off Honduras including islands), BayY (waters of Belize and Quintana Roo including atolls, cayes, islands, reefs), Bay (any of the preceding). No other places given. Only one place given per entry. Places in or off Belize given in preference to or to exclusion of others.

[3] Taken 'without much effort'; led to villa's abandonment (Reichert, p. 23).

[4] Led to villa's withdrawal until 1729 (Restall, p. 9).

[5] Led to villa's relocation inland to Chichanha (Reichert, pp. 26–27).

[6] Raided and looted native settlements (Reichert, p. 24).

[7] Based on 1663 voyage around Campeachy Bay, and time in office since then (Aliphat, pp. 857–860). Did not venture to Honduras Bay (Aliphat, pp. 858–860).

[8] Prior to which Aliphat deems Peten was 'utterly unknown to the Spanish of Yucatan and Guatemala,' geography wise Aliphat, pp. 861–864. Resulting report and map employed in 1697 Ursua entrada Aliphat, p. 864.

[9] Aliphat deems first to show Yucatan Peninsula 'as a whole' (Aliphat, pp. 870–872). South of Bacalar not personally surveyed (Aliphat, p. 872).

[10] xx. In this regard, Graham noted –
Belize never crystallised as a place in European consciousness of the sixteenth century. If Belize was anything, it was a liminal, elusive, shifting, dangerous space, neither land nor sea, neither here nor there, betwixt and between an idea of a ‘Yucatan’ and an idea of a ‘Kingdom of Guatemala.’
— Graham, Maya Christians (2011).
Which sentiment Restall felt applied likewise into the early 18th century (Restall, pp. 2–3).

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