Niebla antiqua

Niebla antiqua; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 79–69 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Life restoration
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Abelisauridae
Clade:	†Brachyrostra
Genus:	†Niebla; Rolando et al., 2020
Species:	†N. antiqua
Binomial name
	†Niebla antiqua; Rolando et al., 2020

Niebla is a genus of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period (Campanian-Maastrichtian)^[1] of Río Negro province, Argentina. The genus contains a single species, Niebla antiqua, and is known from a partial, non-articulated skeleton. The holotype, found in the Allen Formation, represents an adult individual about nine years old in minimum age.^[2]^[3]

Discovery and naming

The holotype, MPCN-PV-796, was found near Matadero Hill, 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of General Roca, Río Negro province, Argentina. The fossil material includes a near-complete braincase, fragmentary jaw and teeth, relatively complete scapulocoracoid, dorsal ribs and incomplete vertebrae.^[2]

The genus name Niebla comes from the Spanish word for "mist", referring to the foggy days during the excavation of the fossil. The specific name, antiqua, is derived from a Latin word meaning "old."^[2]

Description

Niebla represents one of the most derived abelisaurids. Despite its relatively small size, especially when compared to related dinosaurs like Carnotaurus, the holotype represents an adult. Based on the remains, Niebla would have been roughly 4–4.5 metres (13–15 ft) long.^[2]

The scapulocoracoid is notably similar to that of Carnotaurus in having a posterodorsally oriented glenoid, a dorsoventrally expanded and wide coraco-scapular plate, and a very narrow and straight scapular blade. These features are very different from those of other abelisaurids, which may indicate a unique conformation of the pectoral girdle among these South American theropods.^[2]

Paleoecology

Niebla is known from the Allen Formation of Argentina. The pterosaur Aerotitan, as well as many theropods (Quilmesaurus, Bonapartenykus, Austroraptor), sauropods (Bonatitan, Aeolosaurus, Menucocelsior, Panamericansaurus, Pellegrinisaurus, Rocasaurus), the possible nodosaurid ankylosaur Patagopelta, and ornithopods (Lapampasaurus, Kelumapusaura, Willinakaqe, and Bonapartesaurus), are also known from the formation.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

^ Armas, Paula; Sánchez, María Lidia (2015), "Hybrid coastal edges in the Neuquén Basin (Allen Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina)" (PDF), Andean Geology, 42: 97–113, retrieved 2018-10-02
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Agnolín, Federico L.; Motta, Matías J.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brisson Eglí, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (2020-10-14). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105: 102915. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. hdl:11336/150468. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 225123133.
^ Pol, Diego; Baiano, Mattia Antonio; Černý, David; Novas, Fernando; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Pittman, Michael (21 May 2024). "A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria". Cladistics. 40 (3): 307–356. doi:10.1111/cla.12583. PMID 38771085.
^ "Allen Formation - Pteros".
^ Rolando MA, Garcia Marsà JA, Agnolín FL, Motta MJ, Rodazilla S, Novas FE (2022). "The sauropod record of Salitral Ojo del Agua: An Upper Cretaceous (Allen Formation) fossiliferous locality from northern Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 129: 105029. Bibcode:2022CrRes.12905029R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105029. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Riguetti, Facundo; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Ponce, Denis; Salgado, Leonardo; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Arbour, Victoria (2022-12-31). "A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (Río Negro Province, Argentina)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 2137441. Bibcode:2022JSPal..2037441R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 254212751.
^ Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Lisandro Agnolín, Federico; Aranciaga-Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Novas, Fernando Emilio (2022). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (17): 1207–1235. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917.

[1] Armas, Paula; Sánchez, María Lidia (2015), "Hybrid coastal edges in the Neuquén Basin (Allen Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina)" (PDF), Andean Geology, 42: 97–113, retrieved 2018-10-02

[aran-2] Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Agnolín, Federico L.; Motta, Matías J.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brisson Eglí, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (2020-10-14). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105: 102915. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. hdl:11336/150468. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 225123133.

[3] Pol, Diego; Baiano, Mattia Antonio; Černý, David; Novas, Fernando; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Pittman, Michael (21 May 2024). "A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria". Cladistics. 40 (3): 307–356. doi:10.1111/cla.12583. PMID 38771085.

[4] "Allen Formation - Pteros".

[Menucocelsior-5] Rolando MA, Garcia Marsà JA, Agnolín FL, Motta MJ, Rodazilla S, Novas FE (2022). "The sauropod record of Salitral Ojo del Agua: An Upper Cretaceous (Allen Formation) fossiliferous locality from northern Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 129: 105029. Bibcode:2022CrRes.12905029R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105029. ISSN 0195-6671.

[Patagopelta-6] Riguetti, Facundo; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Ponce, Denis; Salgado, Leonardo; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Arbour, Victoria (2022-12-31). "A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (Río Negro Province, Argentina)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 2137441. Bibcode:2022JSPal..2037441R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 254212751.

[rozadilla2022-7] Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Lisandro Agnolín, Federico; Aranciaga-Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Novas, Fernando Emilio (2022). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (17): 1207–1235. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917.

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