Draft:Holochain
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| Development | |
|---|---|
| White paper | https://github.com/holochain/holochain-proto/blob/whitepaper/holochain.pdf |
| Latest release | holochain 0.3.1 / June 11, 2024 |
| Code repository | https://github.com/holochain/holochain |
| Development status | Active |
| Written in | Rust |
| Developer(s) | Holochain Foundation |
| Source model | Open Source |
| License | Cryptographic Autonomy License version 1.0 (CAL-1.0) |
| Website | |
| Website | https://www.holochain.org/ |
Holochain
[edit]Holochain is an open-source framework for building and deploying decentralized applications (dApps) using a distributed computing model. Developed by the Holochain Foundation, it emphasizes data integrity, individual control, scalability, and energy efficiency, distinguishing itself from blockchain systems that rely on global consensus mechanisms.[1][2]
Overview
[edit]Holochain allows the creation of decentralized applications (hApps) where users manage their own data and interact directly with others. Unlike traditional blockchains, Holochain uses an agent-centric model, where each user (agent) maintains control of their data and interacts with others through a distributed hash table (DHT) for storage and retrieval.[3][4] This approach eliminates the need for miners and offers a more energy-efficient framework for decentralized applications.
Key Concepts
[edit]=== Agent-Centricity === Holochain's agent-centric design gives users control over their own data and reduces reliance on centralized servers, improving privacy and data sovereignty.[5]
=== Distributed Hash Table (DHT) === Holochain utilizes a DHT for data exchange, allowing interactions between agents without requiring global consensus, which improves scalability compared to blockchain-based systems.[6]
=== DNA and Zomes === Holochain applications run based on a set of rules called DNA, composed of modular components called zomes that define the app’s functions and data structures.[4]
Architecture
[edit]Holochain’s architecture consists of several core components:
Client: The interface through which users interact with Holochain applications. Conductor: The environment that runs Holochain applications on an agent's device. hApp: A decentralized application consisting of one or more DNA modules that define its functionality. Cell: A running instance of a DNA module tied to an agent’s identity. DNA: The core rules and logic defining how a Holochain application operates. Zome: A module within DNA that contains executable code, governing the application’s behavior and data types.
Differences from Blockchain
[edit]=== Scalability === Holochain's architecture supports greater scalability by distributing computation and data storage across individual agents, avoiding the bottlenecks caused by global consensus in blockchains.[7]
=== Energy Efficiency === Holochain consumes significantly less energy than blockchain systems, as it doesn’t rely on proof-of-work or proof-of-stake mechanisms.[8]
=== Flexibility and Customization === Holochain allows developers to customize applications with unique governance models, rules, and data structures, offering more flexibility than blockchain platforms.[9]
=== Data Control and Privacy === Users maintain control over their data, storing it on their personal devices, enhancing privacy and data sovereignty compared to blockchain’s public, global ledger.[10]
Technical Background
[edit]Holochain implements a novel form of distributed hash tables (DHT) called RRDHT, inspired by technologies like BitTorrent and Git for data management, using cryptographic signatures to ensure data integrity.[11] Unlike traditional distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) that are data-centric, Holochain’s agent-centric model allows each agent to store relevant data locally, while peers on the network verify data through a DHT. This model makes Holochain more efficient than blockchain and allows it to scale without the consensus bottlenecks of blockchain systems.[12][13]
Projects Using Holochain
[edit]Several independent groups are developing projects on Holochain:
hREA (open beta): A framework for economic network coordination.[14] HummHive (open beta): A platform for secure content creation and sharing.[15] MewsFeed (beta release): A microblogging platform alternative to Twitter.[16] AD4M (alpha): A framework for distributed social spaces.[17] Neighbourhoods (in development): A user-centric social collaboration app.[18]
Challenges and Criticisms
[edit]Holochain faces several challenges:
Complexity for Developers: Holochain's unique agent-centric model introduces new concepts that may be unfamiliar to developers.[5] Network Resilience: Holochain's reliance on individual nodes for data storage may reduce resilience if many nodes fail.[6] Adoption and Ecosystem Growth: As a newer platform, Holochain's adoption depends on the growth of its ecosystem and practical use cases.[8] Interoperability: Holochain's lack of interoperability with other blockchain systems may limit its integration with existing decentralized ecosystems.[6] Regulatory Challenges: Like other decentralized platforms, Holochain may face regulatory hurdles as governments develop frameworks for regulating cryptocurrencies and decentralized applications.[2]
== References ==
- ^ Holochain vs Blockchain: A Comparative Guide
- ^ a b A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks. IEEE Communications
- ^ Holochain: A Novel Technology
- ^ a b Holochain Developer Guide
- ^ a b Agent-centric computing: Conceptual model and formal specifications
- ^ a b c Distributed Hash Tables: Explained
- ^ What are the differences between Holochain and Blockchain?
- ^ a b Holochain (HOT) Review: Still Worth It? Everything You NEED to Know
- ^ Blockchain vs Hashgraph vs Dag vs Holochain: Types of DLTs
- ^ What is Holochain (HOLO) and the HOT Token
- ^ Holochain—A framework for distributed applications
- ^ P2P Accounting for Planetary Survival
- ^ Distributed Ledger Technologies and Their Applications: A Review
- ^ "Scalable & distributed framework for economic network coordination". hrea.io. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ "Home - HummHive". Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ MewsFeed, retrieved 2023-07-04
- ^ "AD4M". AD4M. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ "Neighbourhoods". neighbourhoods.network. Retrieved 2022-12-20.